农业科技成果转化存在的问题分析（II）

在以往研究中国农业科技成果转化现状的基础上,研究了制约农业科技成果推广的因素。就农民方面来讲主要为:农民对科技成果的转化吸纳程度;利益机制因素;农业的风险性和不确定性因素;技术市场的不完善因素;农民的经营理念方面的因素以及农民的文化素质偏低等因素。以便采取相应的对策措施。     

Bacterial-associated diarrhea in the dog: a critical appraisal.

The clinical documentation of enteropathogenic bacteria causing diarrhea in dogs is clouded by the presence of many of these organisms existing as normal constituents of the indigenous intestinal flora. The diagnosis of a putative bacterial enteropathogen(s) in dogs should be made based on a combination of parameters, including signalment and predisposing factors, clinical signs, serologic assays for toxins, fecal culture, and PCR. Relying on results of fecal culture alone is problematic, because C perfringens, C difficile, Campylobacter spp, and pathogenic and non-pathogenic E coli are commonly isolated from apparently healthy dogs [10,13,33]. Nevertheless, culture may be useful in procuring isolates for the application of molecular techniques, such as PCR, for detection of specific toxin genes or molecular typing of isolated strains to establish clonality in suspected outbreaks. The oversimplistic attempt to characterize bacterially associated diarrhea by anatomic localization of clinical signs should be discouraged, because most of the previously mentioned bacteria have been associated with small and large intestinal diarrhea. Accurate diagnosis of infections may require diagnostic laboratories to incorporate PCR-based assays using genus- and species-specific primers to facilitate detection of toxin genes and differentiation of species that appear phenotypically and biochemically similar. There has been tremendous interest in the application of microarray technology for the simultaneous detection of thousands of genes or target DNA sequences on one glass slide. This powerful tool could be used for detection of specific pathogenic bacterial strains in fecal specimens obtained from dogs in the future.     

鸭疫里氏杆菌各血清型在我国的分布

鸭疫里氏杆菌病(Riemerella anatipestifersis,RA)是家鸭、火鸡、鹅和多种其它鸟类的一种接触性传染病,能引起1～8周龄的鸭发生浆膜炎、心包炎、气囊炎和肝周炎等为特征的急性败血性传染病。我国近年来对该病病原的分离及其血清型的鉴定等方面进行了较多的研究,目前已证实我国有1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、10、11、13、14、15、17等14种血清型的RA,另新发现4种新血清型(22、23、24、25型),多种血清型的存在是造成该病防制困难的重要原因。本文介绍了我国对RA血清型的研究,及各血清型在我国的分布,以期对综合防制该病有一定的启发和指导。     

Immunodiscrimination Between Native and Recombinant Somatotropin: a Possible Pathway?

Veterinary Research Communications -     

Treatment of peritonitis.

In summary, peritonitis in the horse is a potentially life-threatening disease that must be treated promptly and aggressively. Therapy should be aimed at reducing systemic shock and hypovolemia, correction of the primary cause, antibiotic and anti-inflammatory therapy, and abdominal drainage and lavage. The prognosis depends on the ability to diagnose and treat the underlying cause and prevent the development of complications. Mortality rates can be as high as 59.7%, with horses developing postoperative peritonitis having a 56% mortality rate. Long-term complications like adhesion formation or internal abscesses may further reduce the survival rate. The prognosis is best determined by an early and quick response to aggressive treatment.