超声波辅助提取蓝莓果渣中花色苷的工艺研究

目的:确定超声波辅助提取蓝莓果渣中花色苷的最佳工艺。方法:采用正交试验确定超声波辅助提取蓝莓花色苷的最佳工艺条件。结果:超声波辅助提取蓝莓果渣中花色苷的最佳工艺条件为提取剂为酸性乙醇,固液比1∶60(g/mL),超声波功率350W,萃取时间40min,提取温度75℃。在此条件下,确定的蓝莓果渣花色苷含量3.122mg/g。结论:超声波辅助提取技术对充分利用蓝莓资源获取高附加值的花色苷是可行的。     

降压草的组织培养技术研究

以白城市林业科学研究院选育的新品种降压草2号为试材,利用其带芽茎段进行组织培养,筛选降压草组织培养程序及培养基配方。结果表明:适宜的腋芽诱导培养基为MS+6-BA0.5mg L-1+NAA0.1mg L-1,适宜的增殖培养基为MS+6-BA1.0mg L-1+NAA0.5mg L-1+IAA0.1mg L-1。     

微贮牧草对山羊生产性能、饲粮养分消化率和消化道微生物数量的影响

试验使用黑曲霉、乳酸菌、酵母菌3种微生物的固体菌剂以及尿素作为微生态制剂青贮(微贮)高丹草和牛鞭草,并对64只黑山羊进行30 d饲养对比试验,研究高丹草和牛鞭草青贮对山羊生产性能、饲粮养分消化率和消化道微生物数量的影响。试验结果为,相比于普通青贮(普贮),微贮高丹草酵母菌、黑曲霉、乳酸菌数量分别增加了475.61%、290.65%和513.37%;微贮牛鞭草酵母菌、黑曲霉、乳酸菌数量分别增加了466.67%、762.07%和486.05%;微贮组羊瘤胃中的酵母菌、黑曲霉和乳酸菌数量均极显著增加(P0.01);微贮组羊粪中的酵母菌、黑曲霉和乳酸菌数量显著或极显著增加(P0.05),大肠杆菌数量极显著降低(P0.001);微贮组饲粮除中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率极显著高于普贮组(P0.01),其余均显著高于普贮组(P0.05);微贮组平均日增重和饲料转化率显著高于普贮组(P0.05)。综上所述,微生态制剂青贮不仅可增加瘤胃和粪中酵母菌、黑曲霉和乳酸菌数量,减少粪中大肠杆菌的数量,还能提高山羊饲粮表观消化率和生长性能。     

对一起未取得动物诊疗许可从事诊疗活动案的查处

烟台市和招远市动物卫生监督所联合进行动物诊疗机构清理整顿活动时,查处了一起非法动物诊疗案件,执法人员依据《动物防疫法》有关条款对当事人进行了相应处罚。通过本案的处理,笔者建议在整顿动物诊疗机构的过程中,执法人员应当严格依法行政,同时还应充分重视普法宣传的重要性,为健全诊疗监管秩序和维护公共卫生安全奠定基础。     

猪霍乱沙门氏菌LAMP检测方法的建立与应用

利用猪霍乱沙门氏菌lacZ基因设计特异性引物,通过优化各种反应条件,建立了检测猪霍乱沙门氏菌的环介导等温扩增（LAMP）快速检测方法。此方法特异性好,灵敏度高,将细菌DNA稀释到10-8仍可检出,是PCR方法的1000倍。本研究建立的LAMP方法操作简便、灵敏度高、特异性强,为临床检测猪霍乱沙门氏菌和预防人猪霍乱沙门氏菌病提供了技术保障。     

奶牛瘤胃异常代谢产物组胺引起的炎性反应及其消除方法

高精低粗的饲粮结构会引起奶牛瘤胃内乳酸和挥发性脂肪酸浓度升高,瘤胃液pH降低,导致瘤胃内微生物区系发生改变,从而引起瘤胃内异常代谢产物(细菌内毒素、组胺等)增加,甚至引发亚急性瘤胃酸中毒。其中,组胺是机体内重要的炎性介质,高浓度的组胺转运至血液后可引起机体炎症反应,引起奶牛多种疾病,并使奶牛生产性能下降。本文对奶牛瘤胃异常发酵时组胺的产生和转运以及组胺诱导炎性反应的机制进行综述,同时,介绍一些限制组胺生成和转运的方法,为控制和减少组胺对奶牛的危害提供参考。     

The effects of replacement of whole‐plant corn with oat and common vetch on the fermentation quality,chemical composition and aerobic stability of total mixed ration silage in Tibet

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of replacement of whole‐plant corn with oat and common vetch on the fermentation quality, chemical composition and aerobic stability of total mixed ration (TMR) silage in Tibet. Four TMR that varied in the forage sources on dry matter basis were used: (i) 52% whole‐plant corn (Control); (ii) 43% oat + 12% common vetch (OC3.6); (iii) 38% oat + 18% common vetch (OC2.2); and (iv) 33% oat + 23% common vetch (OC1.5). Silos were opened on day 45 and then subjected to an aerobic stability test for 12 days. The results showed that all silages were well preserved with low pH and NH₃‐N, and high lactic acid and V‐scores. With the increasing proportion of common vetch, crude protein, ether extract increased (P < 0.05), and neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber decreased (P < 0.05). Under aerobic conditions, treated silages were more stable than the control silage as indicated by lower (P < 0.05) pH and yeast population. It was concluded that replacement of whole‐plant corn with oat and common vetch had no unfavorable effects on the fermentation quality and improved crude protein content and aerobic stability of TMR silage. OC2.2 silage was the best among three treated TMR silages.     

Immunization of BALB/c mice with Brucella abortus 2308ΔwbkA confers protection against wild-type infection

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that causes animal and human diseases. Vaccination is a major measure for prevention of brucellosis, but it is currently not possible to distinguish vaccinated animals from those that have been naturally infected. Therefore, in this study, we constructed the Brucella (B.) abortus 2380 wbkA mutant (2308ΔwbkA) and evaluated its virulence. The survival of 2308ΔwbkA was attenuated in murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) and BALB/c mice, and it induced high protective immunity in mice. The wbkA mutant elicited an anti-Brucella-specific immunoglobulin G response and induced the secretion of gamma interferon. Antibodies to 2308ΔwbkA could be detected in sera from mice, implying the potential for use of this protein as a diagnostic antigen. The WbkA antigen would allow serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. These results suggest that 2308ΔwbkA is a potential attenuated vaccine against 16M. This vaccine will be further evaluated in sheep.     

辽宁绒山羊羔羊卵母细胞体外培养技术的研究

本研究以4～8周龄的辽宁绒山羊母羔为研究对象,研究不同激素处理对羔羊卵泡发育数量和发育质量的影响,同时还比较了不同配方的培养液对羔羊卵母细胞体外成熟率的影响.结果表明:最佳的母羔超数排卵方案是依次注射PMSG 400 IU 1次,FSH(加拿大)40 mg 3次,间隔时间12 h;在成熟培养液中添加15％的发情羊血清(ESS)卵母细胞的体外成熟率最高.     

乙酰化处理对樟子松木材耐光性和热稳定性的影响

【目的】探讨乙酰化处理对人工林木材耐光性和热稳定性的影响,为木材颜色调控技术及高耐光染色木材的研发提供理论依据。【方法】以樟子松木粉为试样,加入乙酸酐和二甲苯溶液,在120℃条件下分别反应5,10,20,40,60 min,测试乙酰化处理时间对木粉增重率的影响;分别称取1 g经不同时间乙酰化处理的木粉和未处理木粉,置于 UV老化试验箱内辐射100 h,利用红外光谱分析 UV辐射前后乙酰化木粉化学官能团的变化,通过热重和扫描电镜分析乙酰化木粉的热稳定性及其形貌变化。【结果】随着乙酰化处理时间的延长,樟子松木粉的增重率呈现先增加后降低的趋势,在处理40 min 时木粉增重率最大;乙酰化木粉在1741 cm －1和1385 cm －1处的CO,C—H特征吸收峰强度均大于原木粉,处理时间40 min 时木粉的吸收峰强度最大;UV 辐射后,乙酰化木粉在1508 cm －1处木质素苯环特征吸收峰强度明显大于原木粉,处理时间40 min 时木粉的吸收峰强度最大,表明木粉经乙酰化处理后光稳定性得到提升;热重分析显示,经乙酰化处理后,木粉热分解所需的温度明显提高,表明乙酰化木粉的热稳定性好于原木粉;扫描电镜分析表明,乙酰化处理可增强木粉微观构造抵抗光劣化的能力。【结论】乙酰化处理能有效抑制樟子松木材的光降解反应并提升其热稳定性。