番茄穴盘苗自动移栽机顶杆式取苗装置的设计——基于UG三维软件

针对新疆生产建设兵团的大面积种植模式,穴盘苗向大田移栽,存在人工移栽成本高、移栽周期长、成熟期不一致以及不利于机械采收等问题,利用UG三维软件,设计了一种基于液压顶杆式的番茄穴盘苗自动移栽机取苗装置,对新疆番茄、辣椒和棉花等经济作物大面积机械移栽有良好的推动作用,有利于增加团场职工的经济收入,对新疆的农业经济发展具有十分重要的意义。     

Antioxidant capacity of oat (Avena sativa L.) extracts. 1. Inhibition of low-density lipoprotein oxidation and oxygen radical absorbance capacity

Milled oat groat pearlings, trichomes, flour, and bran were extracted with methanol and the fractions tested in vitro for antioxidant capacity against low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and R-phycoerythrin protein oxidation in the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. The oxidative reactions were generated by 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) HCl (AAPH) or Cu(2+) in the LDL assay and by AAPH or Cu(2+) + H(2)O(2) in the ORAC assay and calibrated against a Trolox standard to calculate Trolox equivalents (1 Trolox equivalent = 1 TE = activity of 1 micromol of Trolox). The antioxidant capacity of the oat fractions was generally consistent with a potency rank of pearlings (2.89-8.58 TE/g) > flour (1.00-3.54 TE/g) > trichome (1.74 TE/g) = bran (1.02-1.62 TE/g) in both LDL and ORAC assays regardless of the free radical generator employed. A portion of the oat antioxidant constituents may be heat labile as the greatest activity was found among non-steam-treated pearlings. The contribution of oat tocols from the fractions accounted for <5% of the measured antioxidant capacity. AAPH-initiated oxidation of LDL was inhibited by the oat fractions in a dose-dependent manner, although complete suppression was not achieved with the highest doses tested. In contrast, Cu(2+)-initiated oxidation of LDL stimulated peroxide formation with low oat concentrations but completely inhibited oxidation with higher doses. Thus, oats possess antioxidant capacity most of which is likely derived from polar phenolic compounds in the aleurone.     

Drying Enhancement of Rough Rice by an Electric Field

Corona discharge produced by a multiple point-to-plate high-voltage electric field (HVEF) was used to investigate the enhancement of rough rice drying and its effect on rice fissuring and germination. The HVEF consisted of a 16 needle point cathode with a direct current power supply, and a grounded stainless steel plate anode. The drying rate of the treated rough rice was notably greater than that of the control, and the drying rate was described by an exponential model. There was a good agreement between the predicted and experimental results (coefficient of determination R²=0·98). The electric field treatment significantly enhanced drying but had no effect on rice fissuring at a lower temperature. The average drying rate of the treated rice increased 2·83, 1·59 and 1·63 times at 25, 40 and 50°C, respectively, compared to the corresponding control. The drying rate also increased with increasing electric field strength. The electric field treatment did not have significant effects on the percentage of kernels having heavy fissures or the germination rate of rough rice (probability P>0·05). The total number of fissured kernels in the treated sample was increased compared to the control.     

计算机视觉技术在番茄收获中的应用

运用双目立体视觉技术对红色番茄进行定位,图像进行灰度变换后,对图像的二维直方图进行腐蚀,膨胀以后除小团块,提取背景区边缘,然后用拟合曲线实现彩色图像的分割,将番茄从背景中分离出来,对目标进行标定后,用面积匹配实现共轭图像中目标的配准,运用体视成像原理,从两幅二维图像中恢复目标的三维坐标,从实验数据可知,当目标与摄像机的距离为300－400mm时,深度误差可控制在3％－4％。     

基于色调分形维数的柑橘糖度和有效酸度检

研究了宫川温州蜜柑糖度及有效酸度的机器视觉检测技术及影响检测精度的因素.对机器视觉系统采集的柑橘图像进行图像裁切、亮度法去图像背景和RGB空间至HSI空间的转换,将柑橘色调范围分割为0°～20°、20°～40°、40°～60°、60°～80°、80°～100°和100°～120°共6个区域,提取各区域色调分形维数,以此作为BP神经网络输入,无损检测宫川温州蜜柑糖度及有效酸度.167个测试样本的检测结果表明:在±1.5°Brix精度范围内糖度正确识别率为66.6175%,在±0.5精度范围内有效酸度正确识别率为73.9275%.宫川温州蜜柑糖度及有效酸度与果皮色调分形维数之间具有相关性,可用机器视觉检测其糖度及有效酸度.     

农田非结构特征视觉导航研

研究了农田非结构环境下,通过机器视觉提取导航线的处理算法.首先,根据农作物的特点提出了使用聚类的方法检测作业区域终点;其次,为避免噪声干扰,利用移动窗口检测二值图像白色像素的个数,确定导航路径区域;最后,使用改进的Hough变换提取导航线.实验表明,该算法可以准确提取绿色植物的行信息,处理一帧分辨率为320×240像素的彩色图像平均需要57.404ms,正确识别率达99%.     

宁南山区不同种植体系土壤水分变化规律

了解旱地土壤水分变化状况,可为半干旱地区旱作农业水资源合理利用提供科学依据。该文通过田间试验,研究了宁南山区胡麻、冬小麦、马铃薯、草地和苜蓿等5类旱地在主要生长季节的土壤水分变化规律。结果表明,不同旱作农田土壤水分随时间的变化趋势基本一致,均出现失墒期和增墒期,其分界点多在7月中下旬;冬小麦、胡麻和马铃薯等1 a生作物整个生长期内的土壤含水率要高于草地和苜蓿等多年生作物（植物）;胡麻地、冬小麦地和马铃薯地的土壤水分垂直分布为上层低、下层高,而草地和苜蓿地相反。研究结果显示,各类旱地表层土壤水分变化剧烈,中下层变化相对较小,且生长期内的降水量均不能满足作物生长需求,秋季继续蓄墒是保障来年旱地获得良好收成的关键。     

超声显像检查蒙古绵羊早期胚胎发育的初步研究

 9头妊娠的蒙古羊分为两组，用带5MHz直肠探头的B型超声波诊断仪进行早期胚胎发育的系统观察，Ⅰ组4头从妊娠20～60d每周探查3次，Ⅱ组5头从妊娠30～60d每周探查2次，60～90d每周探查1次。测量了胎儿冠病-臀长、头长和胎盘直径。观测了胎心搏动、胎动、胎儿骨骼的声反射、充有液体的胃和膀胱、脐带及阴囊。结果表明：1.从超声影像学特点观察,妊娠前3个月胎儿发育,大体可分为1月龄时的胎体模糊和胎心搏动,2月龄时的显出胎儿固有形态和出现胎动，3月龄时的胎骨骨化、胃肠和泌尿系统功能活动3个阶段；2.根据胎儿体长、头长和胎盘直径可预测胎龄，但只适用于妊娠20～86d。如果结合不同阶段胎儿发育的影像学特点进行综合判断将更为科学；3.妊娠47d及其后，可根据探查到胎儿阴囊预测胎儿性别。     

柠檬桉的他感作用研究

研究了柠檬桉脱落树皮和叶片水抽提物、根系分必物、叶片挥发物对受体萝卜发芽的他感作用，结果表明，柠檬桉脱皮和叶片水抽提物、根系分泌物、叶片挥发物都含有抑制物质；在年周期中柠檬桉的他感作用与降雨量有明显的负相关；马唐等９种参试受体植物对柠檬桉中的抑制物质有不同的敏感性；水抽提液中的抑制物质不易在土壤中滞留且对受体植物的作用效果是暂时的，而挥发性中的抑制物质在土壤中滞留时间较长而且受体植物受其作用后难以恢复生长。     

四倍体苇状羊茅和多花黑麦草F_1杂种的幼胚培养及再生植株的形态特征

研究了在直接成苗培养基上不萌动的四倍体苇状羊茅和多花黑麦草杂种幼胚通过诱导愈伤组织获得再生杂种苗的方法。结果表明，杂种愈伤组织随着继代培养时间的延长，分化成苗能力逐步下降，在不改变培养基的情况下，分化能力可保持８个月；改变脱分化培养基中ＮＨ４ＮＯ３或ＫＮＯ３的浓度可显著提高愈伤组织的分化能力。此外，还讨论了再生植株的形态变异