杉木优良种源在苏南低山丘陵地区的推广应用

本文报道了杉木优良源在江苏南部低山丘陵地区推广的背景和依据，组织体系，措施与配套技术，推广情况及其经济，生态，社会效益。     

桃需冷量遗传特性的研究

对桃的９个杂交组合４６３株杂种实生苗需冷量进行测定,统计结果表明：桃需冷量是由多基因控制的,Ｆ＿１需冷量平均值较亲中值短,不同组合偏离程度不同,南山甜桃、红日、玛丽维拉、白凤、大久保需冷量育种值分别为１５９、２１６、３１９、８３１、８３４ｈ,遗传传递力分别为７９%、５４%、９２%、８３%、９３%。需冷量的遗传力为８９．６９%。萌芽开花与需冷量密切相关。     

犬瘟热的微生物学诊断研究

对临床诊断为犬瘟热的１４例病犬，取其脑组织，运用细胞培养、合胞体检查、包涵体检查、免疫荧光试验、电镜观察等５种检测方法，就犬瘟热的微生物学诊断进行了系统的研究。结果表明，犬脑组织块与猫胚（ＦＥ）细胞或非洲绿猴肾（Ｖｅｒｏ）细胞共同培养，盲传的培养物出现不稳定的细胞病变，通过对不同代次的培养物检查包涵体，并作超薄切片或负染，电镜观察犬瘟热病毒（ＣＤＶ）粒子，证实分离到ＣＤＶ野毒。病犬脑组织切片经ＨＥ染色检查包涵体及用ＣＤＶ荧光抗体直接法检测脑抹片及接种犬脑的细胞培养物，均获得一定的阳性结果。建立的改良离子捕获电镜法，用于检测犬脑匀浆和犬脑接种细胞培养物，与离子捕获电镜法、免疫电镜法及直接电镜法相比，效果更为理想。１４例临床诊断为犬瘟热的病犬，综合运用上述微生物学手段检测，结果为１２例阳性，２例疑似。     

用紫外分光法测定鱼藤中异黄酮类的总含量

根据鱼藤中异黄酮类化合物在紫外光２１０～２４５ｎｍ及２９０～３０５ｎｍ处具有吸收峰这一特性，提出了用紫外分光法测定鱼藤中异黄酮类总含量的方法．在３００ｎｍ波长处，浓度低于６×２．６１８×１０－３／ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１时，测定了标准系列的吸光值，结果表明吸光值与浓度近乎直线相关，相关系数为０．９９７７；标准系列吸光值准确性高；加样回收率达９９％以上；测定样品时，重现性好．     

Factors influencing decline in soil pH in Hawaiian Eucalyptus and Albizia plantations

Soil pH declined from 5.9 to 5.0 in 8 years beneath plantations of Eucalyptus saligna (Sm.) in Hawaii. In stands of Albizia falcataria, (L.) Fosberg, the soil pH change was more dramatic, declining from 5.9 to 4.6. We measured several components of soil acidity beneath four mixtures of the two tree species to gain insight on the processes responsible for the decline in soil pH. These components were studied using an empirical method of comparing acid quantity, degree of neutralization (depletion of base cations), and acid strength. The decline in soil pH differed between species as a result of differences in the degree of neutralization of the soil exchange complex; the larger decrease in soil pH under Albizia was produced by greater acidification of the exchange complex. Empirical titration curves suggested that differences in acid strength moderated the divergence in soil pH beneath the species. Had the acids accumulating in the soil under Albizia been as strong as those in the Eucalyptus soil, the difference in soil pH would have been greater. Though the two species had contrasting effects on soil pH, the differences in degree of neutralization, responsible for the pH decline, were small compared with differences in the amount of cations stored in tree biomass. Continued supply of nutrient cations (from weathering or fertilization) will ultimately control both the extent of soil pH decline and the level of productivity sustained by the forest.     

茶树种质资源抗茶云纹叶枯病鉴定

 茶云纹叶枯病(Guignardia camelliae,无性时代为Colletotrichum camelliae)在我国各产茶省(区)均有发生和为害。对该病的发生规律及防治研究有过报导,但对茶树种质资源的抗病性研究报导甚少,本文简要报道30份茶种质资源抗茶云纹叶枯病的鉴定试验研究结果。     

Monoclonal antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus: cross-reactivities to field isolates and hog cholera virus strains.

Monoclonal antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) were examined for binding with a large number of North American BVDV isolates and eight strains of the serologically related pestivirus, hog cholera virus (HCV). No single BVDV monoclonal antibody reacted with all BVDV isolates. The most cross-reactive monoclonal antibody was an anti-p80/p125 antibody which showed a positive reaction with 173 of 180 (96%) North American isolates. From a fewer number of isolates tested, one anti-gp53 monoclonal antibody also showed a high cross-reactivity (94%). All BVDV isolates showed a positive reaction with at least one of the seven monoclonal antibodies in the panel. Thus, the results indicated that a pool of these monoclonal antibodies may be used in place of polyclonal antisera for the detection of BVDV contamination of cell lines or for virus isolation. For HCV, all three anti-p80/p125 monoclonal antibodies reacted positively with all eight virus strains. In contrast, none of the anti-gp53 monoclonal antibodies were reactive to HCV strains. Thus, the anti-gp53 monoclonal antibodies may be useful for distinguishing between usually innocuous BVDV infections and the highly significant HCV infections in swine for foreign animal disease surveillance.     

Comparative effects of mu and kappa opiate agonists on the cecocolic motility in the pony.

The electrical and mechanical activity of the large intestine and its response to administration of opiate mu and kappa agonists were assessed from electrodes and inductograph coils chronically implanted on the cecocolic segment in six ponies given a diet of hay and concentrates. Before the drugs were given, migrating complexes propagating from the cecum into the colon occurred at the rate of 1.5 to 16/hour. During this propulsive activity, the cecocolic sphincter opened and closed allowing the outflow of cecal contents and preventing the backflow of colic contents. Each pony was used as its own control and was given fentanyl (0.01 and 0.05 mg/kg of body weight, IV) and U50488H (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg, IV) at weekly intervals. The mu agonist fentanyl elicited a marked phase of inhibition of the propulsive activity and a closure of the cecocolic sphincter that lasted one to two hours depending on the dose. The kappa agonist U50488H induced an inhibition of the short spiking activity, i.e. of the resting muscle tone. It did not disturb the occurrence of migrating complexes nor that of the openings of the cecocolic sphincter. These kappa compounds may be drugs of choice to alleviate visceral pain in colic stases without inducing delay of transit unlike mu compounds.     

灌区节水改造对塔里木河流域治理的作用

在对塔里木河“四源一干”及流域大型灌区存在主要问题分析的基础上，探讨了大型灌区建戌节水改造,对工业及城镇生活需水增长、灌溉及周边生态环境用水、流域综合治理和社会经济可持续发展的作用，深入阐明大型灌区续建配套与节水改造对区域水资源合理配置生态及环境发展的重大意义。     

钾肥施用量对脐橙产量和品质的影响

１９９６～１９９９年连续４年在湖北省秭归县进行了脐橙钾肥施用量田间试验。结果表明，尽管各处理脐橙产量年度变化很大，但施钾显著提高产量和经济效益，１９９７～１９９９年施钾平均增产２６．３％～４１．８％，施钾（Ｋ２Ｏ）１２５、２５０、３７５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２年均增加纯利 １０１１０、１５８４０、９９７０元／ｈｍ２，产投比分别为 １９．３８、１５．４０和７．０４；在试验条件下施钾（Ｋ２Ｏ）２５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２增产效果最好；施钾有提高脐橙外观品质和内在品质的趋势，例如施钾提高或保持单果重、增加果皮厚度、提高维生素Ｃ含量等；但施钾对品质的影响年度间差异较大，尚需进一步研究。