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91.
Rusudan K. Beridze Reinhard Fritsch Klaus Pistrick Irina M. Sakvarelidze 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1984,32(4):217-227
Summary In the summer 1983 the joint activities for the collection of autochthonous material of cultivated plants have been continued in the outermost western regions of Georgia (Abkhazia, Megrelia). Altogether 434 accessions could be obtained, more than one third of them being grain legumes, and one fourth vegetables and spice plants, resp. The remaining part includes mainly maize. Gene-erosion is very advanced especially for cereals and some grain legumes besidesPhaseolus vulgaris for which an astonishing genetic variability could be confirmed within the local material. Some details of the accessions regarding botanical interest and breeding value have been outlined. The collecting work should be continued.
Bericht über eine Reise in die Georgische SSR 1983 zur Sammlung indigenen Materials von Kulturpflanzen
Zusammenfassung Im Sommer 1983 wurde eine weitere gemeinsame Reise zur Sammlung autochthonen Kulturpflanzenmaterials unternommen, die in die westlichen Teile von West-Georgien (Abchasien, Megrelien) führte. Es konnten insgesamt 434 Proben gesammelt werden, von denen mehr als ein Drittel Körnerleguminosen und je etwa ein Viertel Gemüse- und Gewürzpflanzen waren. Getreide war fast ausschließlich durch Mais vertreten. Die Gen-Erosion ist bei Getreide und einigen Körnerleguminosen bereits sehr weit fortgeschritten, während beiPhaseolus vulgaris wiederum eine erstaunliche Vielfalt an Formen festgestellt werden konnte. Besonders interessantes Material von Knoblauch, Blattkohlformen und einigen Spinatgemüsen wird kurz vorgestellt. Die Sammeltätigkeit sollte fortgesetzt werden.
1983 .
1983 . ¶rt; , (, ). 434 , , . . , . , «» . .相似文献
92.
Klaus Mueller 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1997,160(4):497-503
Patterned ground and properties of permafrost soils of the Northsiberian Lena Delta The land surface of the Lena Delta is covered by polygon structures with scattered pingos and dunes. There exist so-called aerated, swampy and open polygons (open water surface) with Gelic Gleysols and Gelic Histosols (gelundic phase). The soils show only minor signs of cryoturbation and weathering. They contain high amounts of silt and slightly decomposed organic matter down to soil depths far beyond the permafrost table during summer. The soil surface is rising due to accumulation of organic matter and periodic flooding. This leads to a continuous rise of the permafrost table and subsequently to a permafrost freeze storage of plant material. The soils are therefore effective carbon sinks. On top of an investigated pingo a Gleyi-gelic Cambisol developed due to windexposed position, good drainage and higher soil temperatures connnected with a deeper permafrost table. This soil did not show any signs of cryoturbation. It has a relatively low content of organic matter due to a higher mineralization. As a consequence of frost effected sorting and wind erosion the soil material near to the surface is rich in sand and has a reduced silt content. 相似文献
93.
Klaus Prade 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1995,158(4):361-363
Chromatographic separation of tarborne PAH in a soil At coal gas production sites soils are frequently infiltrated by fluid coal tar. From tar-filled pores a further diffusive and/or convective dispersion of PAH into the soil matrix occurs. Results from a contaminated site indicate, that the systematic change of the PAH congener pattern along the transport vector is due to differences in solubility and adsorption. This leads to a chromatographic fractionation of the initial PAH mixture with the least adsorbed congeneres forming the front of PAH translocation and the strongest adsorbed congeneres moving clearly slower. 相似文献
94.
Surface charge of clay-humus fractions from Chernozems as a function of pH and Ca-concentration The charge characteristics of clay-humus fractions from A-horizons of several Chernozems as a function of Ca concentration and pH of the soil solution was investigated. The surface charge was measured by titration with charge compensating polyelectrolytes; the endpoint was at zero potential. A logarithmic dependence of the surface charge [molc/kg] on the Ca concentration of the soil solution in the range ? 2 mmol/L was observed. The influence of pH on the surface charge was almost linear over a wide range of pH-values, the change in pH-dependent charges being most pronounced for the horizons with low Ca saturation on the exchange sites. It was also found that the competition between protons and Ca ions for the exchange sites leads to a distinct decrease of the influence of Ca concentration on the surface charge in acid environment. The reason for slaking of the soil surface and of the displacement of clay-humus particles in Chernozems could be attributed to an increase in surface charge with decreasing Ca concentrations after leaching of lime. According to the present findings the drop in mobility of the clay-humus fractions during acidification could be explained by a charge compensating effect of protons and aluminium ions. 相似文献
95.
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs) were employed within the taxonomically difficult Solanum nigrum L. complex in order to characterize the genetic diversity present in a collection of the Gatersleben Genebank, to classify taxonomically unknown material, and to correlate the clustering of the examined accessions with their geographic origin. The results from AFLP analyses using two primer combinations on 44 entries from five species led to the detection of four major clusters, simultaneously uncovering significant differences in the levels of genetic diversity within or between species. S. americanumexhibited the highest infraspecific variation despite close geographic origins, simultaneously being placed in a clearly separated cluster in comparison to the other examined species of the complex. In addition, these other species showed even less interspecific variation than was found at the infraspecific level in S. americanum. In terms of taxonomy, the application of AFLPs helped in the classification of 13 black nightshade accessions formerly only listed as Solanum sp. This also was confirmed by morphological determination. Furthermore, one accession formerly classified as S. physalifolium var. nitidibaccatum i) clustered with AFLPs and ii) was identified morphologically as S. villosum. Contradictory classifications remain for two further entries from the same species, found within the S. nigrum cluster after AFLP analyses, while belonging to S. physalifolium var. nitidibaccatum according to herbarium specimen. Finally, as indicated by the information on provenance in geographically separated subclusters in S. americanum and partially in S. villosum, clues on the currently unknown origin of accessions from the genebank seem feasible by AFLP data. 相似文献
96.
Seedlings of alfalfa, rape, spinach, and wheat, potted on sandy soil, were irrigated with an aqueous extract of pea shoot (PE, 9.84 g dry weight l–1) or a solution of Ca, K, Mg, P, and NO3‐N salts (SS) in a concentration similar to that in PE, for 31–48 days. In comparison to water‐irrigated controls, both SS and PE treated plants showed nearly equal increases in shoot dry weight (29–40 %), whereas PE‐treated plants had higher fresh weights (38–84 %) due to increased succulence. Treatment with SS did not enhance, but sometimes even reduce, the concentrations of Ca, K, Mg, and several trace elements in shoot tissues. In contrast, PE‐treated plants had higher Ca, K, Mg, and organic N, but lower As and Ni contents and were thus of higher nutritive value. Reduced contents of metals in plant tissue correlated with their reduced solubility in the soil solution, which was not due to changes in pH. Fertilizer components such as K and Mg (metals of lower exchange intensity) were incorporated into the soil to release Ca, Sr, and Ba (metals of higher exchange intensity) and reduce the solubility of most trace elements and metal‐complexing humic substances. In addition, application of Ca precipitated heavy metals and humic complexes directly from the soil solution. This effect was partially overcome by PE. Its carboxylic acids could act as phytochelators of metal ions and as mobilizers of the highly diffusible humic substances which carry metals to roots. It is concluded that continuous PE application replaces the quantities of Ca, K, Mg, P, and organic N, but not of NO3‐N consumed during plant growth. Using PE does not add any relevant quantities of toxic metals to the plant‐soil system. 相似文献
97.
A sensitive bioassay method was developed using bidirectional diffusion of fungicides in agar bands instead of diffusion through 360°. This method permitted the measurement of fungicide movement through isolated cuticular disks into agar bands underneath. Oil dispersible formulations of oxycarboxin and pyracarbolid penetrated through cuticles of coffee much more efficiently than wettable powder formulations. 相似文献
98.
Ultrastructural changes were observed in sporidia of Ustilago avenue (Pers.) Rostr. after treatment with the fungicides nuarimol and imazalil nitrate. Electron microscopic studies of ultrathin sections, as well as of freeze-fracture replicas, showed that nuarimol caused the following marked changes in the ultrastructure of the cells: increased cell wall thickness and invaginated plasmalemma, with concentrations of extracytoplasmic vesicles in some places between plasmalemma and the cell wall; pores were visible in the septa. Nuarimol-treated sporidia were characterised by vacuolisation and accumulation of lipid bodies. Compared with nuarimol, imazalil nitrate caused small cytological changes; elongation of the sporidia and enlarged cell diameters, as well as an increased thickness of the septa, were observed, and an enhanced number of mitochondria with reduced diameters were found. 相似文献
99.
Tarsal radiographs of 134 trotters were made prior to training. Radiographs were evaluated for changes commonly associated with spavin. Spavin, if present, was graded as mild, moderate, or severe. Sone of the 134 horses were radiographed annually for one, two, or three years. Radiographs of the 134 horses were compared with radiographs of 141 additional horses in which spavin had been diagnosed clinically. Only 66 of the 134 trotters (50.4%) had normal tarsal radiographs at the time of initial examination; the other 65 had some radiographic evidence of spavin. The incidence and severity of radiographic changes identified in a group of horses in which spavin was diagnosed clinically. Thus, the present results suggest that tarsal radiography is of little value in establishing the diagnosis and prognosis of spavin in trotters. 相似文献
100.
Klaus Meyn 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1993,28(6):423-426
Inhalt: Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt den Stand der Datenermittlung und Zuchtwertschätzung für die Reproduktionsmerkmale beim Rind in Deutschland. Des weiteren werden Probleme der Seuchenkontrolle und der EG-Gesetzgebung im Bereich der KB und des Embryotransfers beschrieben. Abschlieβend werden die Aktivitäten der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Deutscher Rinderzüchter zur Verbesserung der Aus- und Weiterbildung des Besamungspersonals dargestellt. Seit mehr als 20 Jahren erhalten die Bemühungen der ADR um die Verbesserung des Fortpflanzungsgeschehens in den deutschen Rinderbeständen hervorragende Unterstützung durch Dr. Dr. h.c. R. Hahn, Neustadt a.d.Aisch. 相似文献