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131.
132.
Kerstin Wernike Franz Conraths Gina Zanella Harald Granzow Kristel Gache Horst Schirrmeier Stephen Valas Christoph Staubach Philippe Marianneau Franziska Kraatz Detlef Höreth-Böntgen Ilona Reimann Stéphan Zientara Martin Beer 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2014
In autumn 2011, a novel species of the genus Orthobunyavirus of the Simbu serogroup was discovered close to the German/Dutch border and named Schmallenberg virus (SBV). Since then, SBV has caused a large epidemic in European livestock. Like other viruses of the Simbu serogroup, SBV is transmitted by insect vectors. Adult ruminants may show a mild transient disease, while an infection during a critical period of pregnancy can lead to severe congenital malformation, premature birth or stillbirth. The current knowledge about the virus, its diagnosis, the spread of the epidemic, the impact and the possibilities for preventing infections with SBV is described and discussed. 相似文献
133.
Amanda Chávez-Velásquez Adriana Aguado-Martínez Luis M. Ortega-Mora Eva Casas-Astos Enrique Serrano-Martínez Gina Casas-Velásquez Jose A. Ruiz-Santa-Quiteria Gema Álvarez-García 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(7):1141-1147
The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of Toxoplasma gondii- and Neospora caninum-specific antibodies in domestic South American camelids (SAC) (llamas and alpacas) from the Peruvian Andes through a cross-sectional study. A wide panel of serum samples collected from 1,845 llamas and 2,874 alpacas from the two main SAC production areas of Peru was selected. Immunofluorescence antibody technique was employed to detect and titrate specific anti-T. gondii and anti-N. caninum immunoglobulins G in serum samples. The association between T. gondii and N. caninum seroprevalence and the geographical origin (Central and South Peruvian Andes) was evaluated. Anti-T. gondii antibodies were found in 460 (24.9 %) llamas and 706 (24.6 %) alpacas, whereas anti-N. caninum antibodies were detected in 153 (8.3 %) llamas and 425 (14.8 %) alpacas. Toxoplasma gondii infection was strongly associated with the South Peruvian Andes where moderate climate conditions, larger human population, compared to the Central region, and the presence of wildlife definitive hosts could favor horizontal transmission to SAC. In contrast, N. caninum infection was not associated with the geographical region. These results indicate that T. gondii and N. caninum infections are highly and moderately widespread, respectively, in both species of domestic SAC studied in the sampled areas and appropriate control measures should be undertaken to reduce the prevalence of both parasitic infections. 相似文献
134.
135.
Chang YC Almy EA Blamer GA Gray JI Frost JW Strasburg GM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(9):2753-2757
The antioxidant activity of 3-dehydroshikimic acid (DHS), an intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids, was evaluated in three assay systems: bulk oil (lard), liposomes, and a 10% corn oil-in-water emulsion. Upon initiation of peroxidation in the liposome or emulsion systems, DHS exhibited weak antioxidant activity. In contrast, DHS displayed strong antioxidant activity in lard, suppressing peroxidation with activity comparable to that of tert-butylhydroquinone, propyl gallate, and gallic acid and superior to that of alpha-tocopherol. Two major DHS oxidation products, gallic acid and protocatechuic acid, were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectral analysis of lard extracts; both compounds are effective antioxidants in the bulk oil system. In the liposome system, DHS remained intact throughout the assay period. A small amount of gallic acid was observed in extracts of the emulsion; however, protocatechuic acid was not detected. A mechanism to explain the different activities of DHS in the three lipid systems is proposed. 相似文献
136.
Joseph F. Guenthner Amy Charkowsi Ruth Genger Gina Greenway 《American Journal of Potato Research》2014,91(4):376-379
Minitubers have become important components of seed potato production systems. Minituber production methods and yields affect costs. We used data from the University of Wisconsin seed potato program to estimate minituber production costs by variety in 2009, 2010, and 2011. Labor is identified as the most significant operating cost, while salaries represent the greatest fixed cost. The 3 year average total cost per minituber across all varieties was estimated at $0.47. Of the varieties grown in all 3 years of analysis Langlade had the highest average yield and lowest cost. Yukon Gold and Pike had the lowest yields and highest costs. 相似文献
137.
Gina Brito João Loureiro Tina Lopes Eleazar Rodriguez Conceição Santos 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(5):657-664
In this study, native olive plants from Olea maderensis (≡ O. europaea ssp. cerasiformis) and O. cerasiformis (≡ O. europaea ssp. guanchica), wild olives (O. europaea ssp. europaea var. sylvestris) and cultivated olives (O. europaea ssp. europaea var. europaea) were analysed with respect to genome size and microsatellite markers. The mean nuclear DNA content of O. maderensis was estimated as 5.97 ± 0.191 pg/2C, while the remaining studied taxa presented mean genome sizes ranging from 2.99 to 3.18 pg/2C.
These data and the obtained simple sequence repeats (SSR) profiles, i.e., with 2–4 alleles in O. maderensis and a maximum of two alleles in the other taxa, enabled the identification of a new ploidy level, tetraploidy, for a species
belonging to the Olea genus. Cluster analysis of the microsatellite data revealed a clear separation of each species in different clusters and
a high genetic dissimilarity could be observed among genotypes belonging to different species. This work contributed to a
better characterization of olive species and the obtained data can be helpful to support taxonomic studies, and to develop
germplasm preservation strategies in endangered populations of O. maderensis from Madeira Archipelago. 相似文献
138.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between childhood undernutrition and poverty in urban and rural areas. DESIGN: Anthropometric and socio-economic data from Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys in Angola-Secured Territory (Angola ST), Central African Republic and Senegal were used in this analysis. The population considered in this study is children 0-59 months, whose records include complete anthropometric data on height, weight, age, gender, socio-economic level and urban or rural area of residence. In addition to simple urban/rural comparisons, the population was stratified using a wealth index based on living conditions and asset ownership to compare the prevalence, mean Z-score and odds ratios for stunting and wasting. RESULTS: In all cases, when using a simple urban/rural comparison, the prevalence of stunting was significantly higher in rural areas. However, when the urban and rural populations were stratified using a measure of wealth, the differences in prevalence of stunting and underweight in urban and rural areas of Angola ST, Central African Republic and Senegal disappeared. Poor children in these urban areas were just as likely to be stunted or underweight as poor children living in rural areas. The odds ratio of stunting in the poorest compared with the richest quintile was 3.4, 3.2 and 1.5 in Angola ST, Senegal and Central African Republic, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This paper demonstrates that simple urban/rural comparisons mask wide disparities in subgroups according to wealth. There is a strong relationship between poverty and chronic undernutrition in both urban and rural areas; this relationship does not change simply by living in an urban environment. However, urban and rural living conditions and lifestyles differ, and it is important to consider these differences when designing programmes and policies to address undernutrition. 相似文献
139.
Zebra Chip disease vectored by the potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli (?ulc) was first reported in Idaho and the Columbia Basin of Oregon and Washington in 2011. Since then growers have incurred significant costs for managing the disease. Thus, we conducted an expert opinion survey to estimate expenditure on insecticides dedicated to controlling potato psyllids in the largest potato producing regions of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. Results highlight a total of about 9 million US dollars spent on active ingredients targeted at psyllid control. When application costs are added to the cost of insecticides, expenditures total about 11 million US dollars. 相似文献
140.
Adesola Odunayo Gina Galyon Joshua Price Silke Hecht M. Katherine Tolbert 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2022,36(4):1416
BackgroundTo evaluate the efficacy of a single intramuscular adminsitration of long‐acting omeprazole (LA‐OMEP) in increasing gastric pH in dogs.HypothesisWe hypothesized that LA‐OMEP would meet in healthy dogs the clinical goals defined for human patients for treatment of gastroduodenal ulceration.AnimalsNine healthy research dogs.MethodsProspective experimental study. Dogs were given a 4 mg/kg intramuscular injection of LA‐OMEP. Intragastric pH was continuously recorded on treatment days 0 to 7. Daily mean pH and mean percentage time (MPT) intragastric pH was ≥3 or ≥4 were determined.ResultsThe mean onset of action for the LA‐OMEP was 98.11 min (SD 46.39). The mean number of days the dogs'' pH met established goals for MPT pH ≥3 was 5.5 days (range, 3‐7) and 5.25 days for MPT pH ≥4 (range, 3‐7). Long‐acting omeprazole met the human clinical goals pH ≥3 for 72 hours in 8/8 of the dogs and MPT pH ≥4 for 96 hours in 7/8 of dogs.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe LA‐OMEP formulation produced gastric acid suppression in healthy dogs for an average of 5 days and up to 7 days, after a single intramuscular injection. No major adverse effects were observed. 相似文献