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81.
Custódio L Escapa AL Fernandes E Fajardo A Aligué R Alberício F Neng N Nogueira JM Romano A 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2011,66(1):78-84
This work aimed to evaluate the phytochemical content and to determine the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of methanol
extracts of the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) germ flour. The extracts were rich in phenolic compounds, had considerable antioxidant activity, and reduced the viability
of cervical (HeLa) cancer cells. The chemical content and the biological activities of the extracts were significantly affected
by gender and cultivar. Female cultivar Galhosa had the highest levels of phenolic compounds, and the highest antioxidant
activity. Extracts from the hermaphrodite trees and from the female cultivars Galhosa and Costela/Canela exhibited the highest
cytotoxic activity. The most abundant compound was theophylline. The phenolic content was correlated to both antioxidant and
cytotoxic activities. Our findings provide new knowledge about the health implications of consuming food supplemented with
carob germ flour. 相似文献
82.
Effects of Application of Organic and Inorganic Wastes for Restoration of Sulphur-Mine Soil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Raquel Melgar-Ramírez Verónica González Juan Antonio Sánchez Inés García 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(9):6123-6131
In situ remediation with waste material is an inexpensive method to reduce contaminant availability in polluted soil. The experiments were done to investigate the effects of possible in situ application of two different amendments: inorganic material (marble sludge) and organic material (horticultural waste compost) on chemical and biological properties of abandoned metalliferous mine wastes. The results show that the application of inorganic material raises the pH above neutrality and the combination of inorganic and organic material would produce the highest ratio of biological activity. The reductions of available Zn, Pb and As in lime, organic and lime/organic amendments were favoured by incubation time. However, available Cd content increased after 275?days of incubation, except the treatment with inorganic amendment. This work denoted that the application of lime with organic amendments has a better effect than the lime alone because the addition of both amendments improves both soil chemical and biological properties. 相似文献
83.
Miguel Mellado Lucía M. Treviño María I. Chavez Francisco G. Véliz Ulises Macías-Cruz Leonel Avendaño-Reyes José E. García 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2023,58(1):39-47
The objective of this retrospective study was to assess the effect of receiving a single (n = 50,285) or double (n = 4392) artificial insemination (AI), 12 h apart, within a timed artificial insemination protocol on pregnancy per AI (P/AI) in nulliparous heifers (inseminated with either sex-sorted or conventional semen) and pluriparous Holstein cows in a commercial dairy herd. Also, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between temperature-humidity index (THI) and time of the first AI and fertility. Fertility of cows receiving two AI with normothermia (THI <68) was higher (p < .05) than cows receiving a single AI (42.9% vs. 36.4%). P/AI of cows receiving two AI with severe heat stress (THI >85) was higher (p < .05) than cows receiving a single AI (21.0% vs. 12.6%). Regardless of heat stress conditions, applying the first AI in the morning increased (p < .05) P/AI in cows with double AI than in cows whose first AI occurred in the afternoon (38.4 vs. 33.3%). With moderate heat stress, and sexed-sorted semen, P/AI to timed AI was higher (65.0 vs. 51.9%; p < .05) in heifers receiving double AI than those serviced once. It was concluded that double AI, 12 h apart, enhanced fertility at timed AI than herd mates with a single AI, particularly with heat stress at breeding. 相似文献
84.
Ferreira SR Araújo JV Braga FR Araujo JM Carvalho RO Silva AR Frassy LN Freitas LG 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(3):639-642
The ovicidal effect of the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia on eggs of Ascaris suum was tested under laboratory conditions. A. suum eggs were plated on 2% water–agar with seven fungal isolates (Isol. 5, Isol. 31, Isol. 1, VC1, Isol. 12, Isol. 22 and VC4)
and control without fungus. After 5, 7, 10, 14, 15 and 21 days of incubation, approximately 100 eggs were removed from the
plates and classified according to the following parameters: type 1, biochemical and physiological effect without morphological
damage to the eggshell, type 2, lytic effect with morphological alteration of the eggshell and embryo and type 3, lytic effect
with morphological alteration of eggshell and embryo showing hyphal penetration and internal egg colonization. The isolates
effectively destroyed A. suum eggs and all types of effects were observed during the experiment. There was no variation in ovicidal capacity (type 3 effect)
among the isolates (p > 0.05) throughout the experiment. After 21 days, isolate 5 showed the highest percentages of type 3 effect (58.33%). The
results indicated that P. chlamydosporia (Isol. 5, Isol. 31, Isol. 1, VC1, Isol. 12, Isol. 22 and VC4) can destroy A. suum eggs and is, therefore, a potential biological control agent of nematodes. 相似文献
85.
Eduardo Antônio Sanches Giovano Neumann César Pereira Rebechi de Toledo Robie Allan Bombardelli Pitágoras Augusto Piana Elizabeth Romagosa 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(4):534-541
The aim of this work was to evaluate the spermatic parameters of jundia, Rhamdia quelen, semen stored for short periods under different temperatures. Fifteen males were used in a time factorial experimental design (13 × 3 × 3 × 3). The sperm was stored at: 15; 25 and 35°C and activated in water at: 15; 25 and 35°C each, respectively, within storage periods of: 0; 2; 4; 6; 8; 10; 12; 16; 20; 24; 32; 40 and 48 h after collection. The treatments were performed in triplicates and in sequential protocols every 50 h. The motility parameters were evaluated using Pearson's correlation analysis and the significant parameters (P < 0.05) were summarized using principal component analysis forming two predicted groups. Group 01 composed the following parameters: curvilinear velocity, wobble and linearity; group 02 comprised average path velocity, straight line velocity, beating cross frequency and motility rate. Effects (P < 0.05) of treatments were observed only in group 02, with interaction between time and temperature of exposure and between exposure time and water temperature. Superior results of spermatic parameters of group 02 were observed right after collection. However, the exposure and spermatic activation at 15°C assured significant results 48 h after collection when compared with 25 and 35°C. 相似文献
86.
Effect of salicylic acid treatment on tomato plant physiology and tolerance to potato virus X infection 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tania Falcioni Juan Pedro Ferrio Ana Isabel del Cueto Jordi Giné María Ángeles Achón Vicente Medina 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,138(2):331-345
Salicylic acid (SA) is an inducer of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and could be a potential candidate in the control of plant virus diseases. In this study we assayed under controlled conditions the potential effect of three doses of exogenous SA treatment on tomato plants infected with Potato virus X (PVX) and measured their effects on: different physiological parameters (gas exchange, stable isotopes, chlorophyll content), the activation of secondary metabolism, viral accumulation and induction of the expression of pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs) such as ß-1, 3-glucanase (PR2) and chitinase (PR3). SA treatment increased the expression of PR2, the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and the concentration of antioxidant compounds at 7 days post-treatment. Earlier expression of PR3 compared to PR2 was observed. SA treatment delayed the detection of PVX by ELISA in uninoculated leaves of mechanically infected tomato plants. Although the effect of PVX infection on physiological parameters was weak, moderate SA treatments showed enhanced photosynthesis, particularly for infected plants. The results obtained confirm that SA promotes major changes in the induction of resistance in tomato plants and suggest that treatment with exogenous SA could be considered to reduce the infections caused by PVX. 相似文献
87.
Segner H Sundh H Buchmann K Douxfils J Sundell KS Mathieu C Ruane N Jutfelt F Toften H Vaughan L 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2012,38(1):85-105
This brief review focuses on health and biological function as cornerstones of fish welfare. From the function-based point
of view, good welfare is reflected in the ability of the animal to cope with infectious and non-infectious stressors, thereby
maintaining homeostasis and good health, whereas stressful husbandry conditions and protracted suffering will lead to the
loss of the coping ability and, thus, to impaired health. In the first part of the review, the physiological processes through
which stressful husbandry conditions modulate health of farmed fish are examined. If fish are subjected to unfavourable husbandry
conditions, the resulting disruption of internal homeostasis necessitates energy-demanding physiological adjustments (allostasis/acclimation).
The ensuing energy drain leads to trade-offs with other energy-demanding processes such as the functioning of the primary
epithelial barriers (gut, skin, gills) and the immune system. Understanding of the relation between husbandry conditions,
allostatic responses and fish health provides the basis for the second theme developed in this review, the potential use of
biological function and health parameters as operational welfare indicators (OWIs). Advantages of function- and health-related
parameters are that they are relatively straightforward to recognize and to measure and are routinely monitored in most aquaculture
units, thereby providing feasible tools to assess fish welfare under practical farming conditions. As the efforts to improve
fish welfare and environmental sustainability lead to increasingly diverse solutions, in particular integrated production,
it is imperative that we have objective OWIs to compare with other production forms, such as high-density aquaculture. However,
to receive the necessary acceptance for legislation, more robust scientific backing of the health- and function-related OWIs
is urgently needed. 相似文献
88.
José Climent Maria Regina Chambel Marta Pardos Francisco Lario Pedro Villar-Salvador 《European Journal of Forest Research》2011,130(5):841-850
Rooting space is considered as a resource in plants, but comparative studies on the biomass allocation plasticity in response
to rooting volume (RV) are rare. We compared responses in growth, biomass allocation and ontogenetic heteroblasty in nine
hard pine species of contrasted ecology. Seedlings were cultivated in containers of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.8 and 7 L for two growing
seasons (425 days). Reduction in RV caused a reduction in plant absolute and relative growth rate and biomass allocated to
stems but it increased biomass allocated to roots. RV affected to a lesser extent and in a less consistent direction allocation
to leaves. Species that grew faster (higher relative growth rate) had a steeper decrease in growth with the reduction in RV.
Ontogenetic heteroblasty, evaluated as the proportion of secondary needles in the needle biomass, showed highly different
plasticity patterns in response to RV. Decrease in RV caused negligible or no change either in the most ontogenetically delayed
Mediterranean pines or in the most ontogenetically advanced pines, the mesic Pinus sylvestris and P. uncinata. By contrast, ontogenetically intermediate species showed steep reaction norms in response to reduction in RV. While P. pinaster and P. brutia showed marked rejuvenation, P. nigra accelerated the development of adult foliage. 相似文献
89.
Forterre F Konar M Tomek A Doherr M Howard J Spreng D Vandevelde M Jaggy A 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2008,232(4):559-563
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of neurologic examination versus magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in localization of cervical disk herniation and evaluate the usefulness of withdrawal reflex testing in dogs. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 35 client-owned dogs with a single-level cervical disk herniation as determined via MRI. PROCEDURES: 1 of 2 board-certified neurologists performed a complete neurologic examination in each dog. Clinical signs of a cervical lesion included evidence of neck pain and tetraparesis. The withdrawal reflex was used for neuroanatomic localization (C1-C5 or C6-T2). Agreement between results of neurologic and MRI examinations was determined. RESULTS: Agreement between neurologic and MRI diagnoses was 65.8%. In 11 dogs in which the lesion was clinically localized to the C6-T2 segment on the basis of a decreased withdrawal reflex in the forelimbs, MRI revealed an isolated C1-C5 disk lesion. In 1 dog, in which the lesion was suspected to be at the C1-C5 level, MRI revealed a C6-T2 lesion. Cranial cervical lesions were significantly associated with an incorrect neurologic diagnosis regarding site of the lesion. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that the withdrawal reflex in dogs with cervical disk herniation is not reliable for determining the affected site and that a decreased withdrawal reflex does not always indicate a lesion from C6 to T2. 相似文献
90.
Cytoprotection by neutral fraction of tannat red wine against oxidative stress-induced cell death 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Echeverry C Blasina F Arredondo F Ferreira M Abin-Carriquiry JA Vasquez L Aspillaga AA Diez MS Leighton F Dajas F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(24):7395-7399
Some of the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet on human pathologies have been attributed to red wine polyphenols. It has been postulated that the antioxidant activity of the latter would be also responsible for the cytoprotective capacity of red wine that has been reported in a few papers. Nevertheless, red wine shows a complex composition, and the active fraction is not known yet. In this context, the protective capacity of total lyophilized extracts of red wine and anthocyanin, neutral, or acidic fractions, was explored in PC12 cells in culture after a hydrogen peroxide insult. Although all fractions showed high antioxidant activity, only the neutral fraction was cytoprotective. The analysis of this active fraction showed that it was rich in the aglycons quercetin and myricetin as well as the glycosides of kaempferol, isorhamnetin, epicatechin, and catechin, some of which are known to be cytoprotective. This is the first paper to reveal the active fraction of total wine responsible of its cytoprotection. 相似文献