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101.
Twelve mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were developed against an Indian vaccine strain of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) type Asia-1 WBN 117/85. The MAbs were tested for their ability to bind to whole virus particle, trypsin-treated 146S (TT-146S) virus particle, sub-viral (12S and disrupted virus) antigens by ELISA and to neutralize virus infectivity in cell culture. Extensive characterization of MAbs revealed the existence of three different groups based on the binding of non-overlapping epitopes. Eight type Asia-1 specific MAbs (RF7, RF8, RD10, RE11, RC11, RC10/O, RB11 and RC10/M), which formed group 1 (G1), were found to bind a neutralizing, trypsin-sensitive (TS) and conformational epitope. Two MAbs (WB8 and WC3) in group 2 (G2) were found to bind a non-neutralizing, trypsin-resistant, conformational and 12S-specific epitope, which was intertypically conserved in all the four serotypes of FMDV (O, A, C and Asia-1) prevalent in India. Two MAbs (KG10 and KF10), which formed group 3 (G3), were found to be against a non-neutralizing, TS and conformational epitope, common to types Asia-1 and A. Members of G1 were IgG2a isotype, while those of G2 and G3 were IgG1 and IgG2b isotypes, respectively. Antigenic analysis of 31 FMDV type Asia-1 field isolates and two vaccine strains, using a panel of type Asia-1-specific MAbs, revealed antigenic similarity of the virus isolates tested and non-existence of neutralization escape mutants. The developed MAbs have practical utility, especially in the manufacture of FMD vaccine, diagnosis and FMDV characterization. 相似文献
102.
Rana Valizadeh-Kamran Mahmoud Toorchi Mohammad Mogadam Hamid Mohammadi 《Journal of plant nutrition》2018,41(1):102-111
An experiment was performed as a split-plot design based on a randomized complete block (RCB) with three replicates. The aim was to explore physiological traits, catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity associated with cold and freeze stress in four barley genotypes (two stress-tolerant genotypes and two sensitive genotypes). The genotypes were regarded as sub-plots and five temperature levels (namely 20, 4, 0, ?4, ?8°C) as main plots. The results revealed that the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased through freeze and cold stress from 20 to 4°C. This increase was more in the sensitive genotypes than in the tolerant ones. Subsequent to the increase in lipid peroxidation, the membrane stability index (MSI) decreased, thereby increasing the electrolyte leakage. The sensitive genotypes demonstrated greater reduction in the studied parameters. Upon the increase in the H2O2 content, the antioxidant enzymes CAT and POD also increased in order to collect and prevent H2O2 from damaging the cell and the plant. Compared with the sensitive ones, the tolerant genotypes indicated more increase in the enzymes. The H2O2 and MDA content decreased from ?4 to ?8°C, which could be due to intracellular freezing in the sensitive genotypes, but due to the detoxifying of the antioxidant enzymes in the tolerant genotypes. Compared with the POD content, the increase in the CAT content through cold stress was more, which could mean that it was possibly CAT which acted as the main inhibitor of H2O2 in cold stress in the barley plant. 相似文献
103.
Mohar Singh Mukesh K. Rana Krishna Kumar Ishwari S. Bisht Manoranjan Dutta Narinder K. Gautam Ashutosh Sarker Kailash C. Bansal 《Plant Breeding》2013,132(6):667-675
Wild Lens taxa are invaluable sources of useful traits for broadening genetic base of cultivated lentil. Nine inter‐sub‐specific and interspecific crosses were made successfully between cultivated (Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris) and wild lentils (L. culinaris ssp. orientalis, odemensis, lamottei and ervoides). The effect of species groups, day length and temperature on crossability in lentils was evident under normal winter sowing in New Delhi and in summer Himalayan nursery at Sangla in Himachal Pradesh, India, although pollen fertility assessed in all the cross‐combinations showed no significant variation. True hybridity of nine inter‐sub‐specific and interspecific crosses was confirmed through morphological and molecular (ISSR) markers, in which three of 120 primers could confirm the hybridity of all the crosses. All cross‐combinations were also studied for important quantitative traits related to yield. The range, mean and coefficient of variation were estimated in parental lines, F1 and F2 generations to determine the extent of variability generated in cultivated lentils through the introgression of genes from wild L. taxa. A high level of heterosis was observed in F1 crosses for important traits studied. Substantially higher variations for seed yield and its attributing traits were exhibited in F2 generations indicating transgressive segregation. The results of the present investigation revealed that wild L. taxa can be successfully exploited for lentil improvement programmes, and the variations generated could be easily utilized for broadening the genetic base of cultivated lentil gene pool for improving the yield as well as wider adaptation. 相似文献
104.
N. P. Saxena M. C. Saxena P. Ruckenbauer R. S. Rana M. M. El-Fouly R. Shabana 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):85-93
A large global land area is affected by saline, alkali (sodic), and acid soil conditions. Cool season food legumes are important crops in many countries with such adverse soils. Tolerant genotypes have been identified in many crops, including legumes. However, very little has been published on selection of tolerant cool season food legume crops. The inadequate knowledge and understanding of the responses of cool season food legume crops to these abiotic stresses, necessitates action by a collaborative network of interdisciplinary teams to make rapid progress in identifying tolerant germplasm and developing cultivars better adapted to unfavorable soil conditions. 相似文献
105.
J. C. Rana T. R. Sharma R. K. Tyagi R. K. Chahota N. K. Gautam Mohar Singh P. N. Sharma S. N. Ojha 《Euphytica》2015,205(2):441-457
106.
Summary Variance analysis is used to measure stability (inter-temporal) and adaptability (over space) components of variance with multilocation-multiyear sorghum yield data from India. Adaptability and stability were highly correlated. Only the stability component is relevant for farmers in their adoption decision. Measures of farmer's risk aversion are used to rank genotypes according to preferences which take account both of yield and stability. Since yield differences were large and risk aversion moderate, preference based rankings did not differ markedly from yield based rankings. 相似文献
107.
On-farm varietal biodiversity was studied through household surveys in two high potential production systems in Chitwan and
Nawalparasi districts of the Nepal Terai and in Lunawada sub-district, Gujarat, India. Diversity was extremely low in Chaite rice in the Nepal study area (weighted diversity 0.04) and low in main season rice in the India study area (weighted diversity
0.34). In both areas, one cultivar dominated, CH 45 in Nepal and GR11 in India. In the India study area, biodiversity varied
with the socio-economic group and better-off farmers had a greater varietal diversity. Participatory varietal selection (PVS)
identified new varieties that farmers preferred. Their adoption by farmers increased on-farm varietal biodiversity within
the three cropping seasons studied. Despite the commonly assumed uniformity of high potential production systems, the new
varieties occupied specific niches in the farming system. Farmers' preferences for different varieties – there were large
differences in quality traits and maturity period among the new varieties – should help to maintain biodiversity. Overall
production is expected to increase as each niche becomes occupied increasingly by the best-adapted variety. PVS is a simple
and powerful method of increasing food production in the high potential production systems that produce most of the developing
world's grain.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
108.
Marconi E Caboni MF Messia MC Panfili G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(10):2825-2829
Fifteen commercial samples of royal jelly, consisting of 10 imported samples, and 5 samples of known origin obtained freshly harvested from beekeepers, were analyzed for protein, lysine, and furosine content. In addition, a commercial sample of royal jelly, at the beginning of its commercial shelf life, was stored for 10 months both at 4 degrees C and at room temperature in order to assess the development of the Maillard reaction (furosine) and relative nutritional damage (blocked lysine). The commercial royal jelly products contained different amounts of furosine, ranging from 37.1 to 113.3 mg/100 g protein, evidence of different storage times and conditions. The average furosine content of the royal jelly samples of known origin and harvesting was significantly lower than that of the imported samples (41.7 versus 73.6 mg/100 g protein, respectively). With regard to shelf life, furosine content increased significantly from 72.0 mg/100 g protein to 500.8 mg/100 g protein after 10 months of storage at room temperature, while it increased to a much lower level (100.5 mg/100 g protein) when the royal jelly was stored at 4 degrees C. However, nutritional damage, expressed as blocked lysine (calculated indirectly from the furosine content), was minor or negligible, 11.9 and 2.3% of total lysine, in samples stored at room temperature and at 4 degrees C, respectively. Lysine was determined by an innovative procedure based on high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). The results showed that furosine is a suitable index for assessing the quality and freshness of royal jelly. 相似文献
109.
110.
J. C. Rana K. Pradheep O. P. Chaurasia Sarvesh Sood R. M. Sharma Archna Singh Ranjna Negi 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2012,59(1):135-149
This paper analyzes the diversity, consumption and gathering patterns, and uses of wild edible plants among the tribal communities
living in cold arid region of Indian Himalaya. Eco-geographically, extremely cold climate, open vegetation, strong afternoon
winds and loose soils characterize the region. Wild edible plants have special significance in the livelihoods of tribal people
particularly during harsh winters when nothing grows on field. We gathered information on 164 wild edible plant species belonging
to 100 genera and 37 families sharing 14% of total plants species occurring here. Around 83% plant species were present in
pure wild state while 17% were in semi wild state/cultivated occasionally. Wild plants are eaten more as vegetable and it
was found that out of 101 plants used as vegetable, 57 are cooked and eaten and the rest (44) eaten raw. The species like
Pinus gerardiana, Prunus armeniaca, Hippophae rhamnoides, Bunium persicum are harvested more for commerce in the downtown markets while Lepidium latifolium, Taraxacum officinale, Urtica hyperborea, Capparis spinosa, Fagopyrum tataricum, Malva verticillata, and Rhodiola heterodonta are preferred for their medicinal and nutritional properties locally. Infrastructure development, more tourists flow, agricultural
intensification, more jobs and business opportunities have led to rapid changes in the life styles and food habits of the
people. Consequently, the age-old tradition of gathering wild edible plants is fading particularly among younger generations.
Nevertheless, people do realize the importance of wild edible plants, and therefore to harness the benefits of this unique
diversity participatory management and conservation programs, investigations on nutritional and pharmacological attributes,
and regulated market support for some important WEPs have taken up in the region. 相似文献