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111.
Wess G Thomas WP Berger DM Kittleson MD 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(4):877-884
We reviewed the indications for age and breeds of dogs who received transvenous endocardial artificial pacemaker (AP) implantation (n = 105) and complications and survival thereafter at a single institution over a 6-year period. A third-degree atrioventricular (AV) block (59%) and sick sinus syndrome (SSS; 27%) were the most common indications, along with a high-grade second-degree AV block (9%) and atrial standstill (5%). The most common breeds identified were Labrador Retriever (n = 16; 11 with a third-degree AV block), American Cocker Spaniel (n = 14; 10 with SSS), and Miniature Schnauzer (n = 13; all with SSS). Common presenting complaints were syncope (n = 66) and exercise intolerance or lethargy (n = 25). Half of the dogs (n = 52) had a history of acute onset of clinical signs (<2 weeks). Mean survival time for the 60 dogs who died during the study period was 2.2 years (range, 0.1-5.8 years). Major complications occurred in 13% of dogs and included lead displacement (n = 7), sensing problems that led to syncope (n = 3), infection at the pacemaker site (n = 1), bleeding (n = 1), and ventricular fibrillation during implantation (n = 1; successfully defibrillated). Minor complications occurred in 11 dogs (11%). The success rate of transvenous AP implantation was comparatively high (all dogs survived the first 48 hours), and the complication rate was comparatively low when compared with a previous multicenter study, most likely because of how commonly the procedure was performed and supervisory experience. 相似文献
112.
Nunn AJ Weiser G Reiter IM Häberle KH Grote R Havranek WM Matyssek R 《Tree physiology》2006,26(11):1391-1403
The broad range in plant responses to chronic O(3) exposure compels a search for integrative, underlying principles. One such approach is the unifying theory proposed by Reich (1987), which combines the O(3) response of contrasting physiognomic classes of plants on the basis of their intrinsic leaf diffusive conductance and, hence, capacity for O(3) uptake. Physiognomic classes differ in the proportional decline in photosynthesis and growth when compared on the basis of cumulative O(3) exposure per unit time, but converge when compared on the basis of O(3) uptake per unit time or cumulative O(3) uptake over the entire lifetime of the leaf. The theory is based on observations on a large number of contrasting plant species, relying primarily on studies of juvenile trees subjected to short-term O(3) exposure. To test the applicability of the unifying theory to mature trees, broadleaf deciduous European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and the evergreen conifer Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in a mature mixed stand were exposed to either ambient air (control) or air with twice the ambient O(3) concentration delivered into the canopy by means of a free-air fumigation system. We accounted for differences in growing season length, leaf longevity and O(3)-related effects on leaf diffusive conductance in determining total O(3) uptake over the lifetime of the leaf. On this basis, Norway spruce needles required 5 years to take up as much O(3) as did beech leaves in one growing season. The core of the unifying theory on O(3) sensitivity was substantiated in relation to O(3) exposure and uptake. However, contrary to the unifying theory, which was formulated on the basis of results with juvenile trees, the O(3) response of mature trees in a natural stand was more complex. The increased complexity was attributed to additional environmental stressors, stress compensation at the whole-tree level, and differential O(3) sensitivities of leaves according to age class and position within the canopy. Contrary to the theory, photosynthesis was no less sensitive to O(3) in Norway spruce than that of beech, and was reduced in the twice-ambient O(3) regime in the first year of exposure. 相似文献
113.
Haemmerle G Lass A Zimmermann R Gorkiewicz G Meyer C Rozman J Heldmaier G Maier R Theussl C Eder S Kratky D Wagner EF Klingenspor M Hoefler G Zechner R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5774):734-737
Fat tissue is the most important energy depot in vertebrates. The release of free fatty acids (FFAs) from stored fat requires the enzymatic activity of lipases. We showed that genetic inactivation of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) in mice increases adipose mass and leads to triacylglycerol deposition in multiple tissues. ATGL-deficient mice accumulated large amounts of lipid in the heart, causing cardiac dysfunction and premature death. Defective cold adaptation indicated that the enzyme provides FFAs to fuel thermogenesis. The reduced availability of ATGL-derived FFAs leads to increased glucose use, increased glucose tolerance, and increased insulin sensitivity. These results indicate that ATGL is rate limiting in the catabolism of cellular fat depots and plays an important role in energy homeostasis. 相似文献
114.
Kreysing M Pusch R Haverkate D Landsberger M Engelmann J Ruiter J Mora-Ferrer C Ulbricht E Grosche J Franze K Streif S Schumacher S Makarov F Kacza J Guck J Wolburg H Bowmaker JK von der Emde G Schuster S Wagner HJ Reichenbach A Francke M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6089):1700-1703
Despite their diversity, vertebrate retinae are specialized to maximize either photon catch or visual acuity. Here, we describe a functional type that is optimized for neither purpose. In the retina of the elephantnose fish (Gnathonemus petersii), cone photoreceptors are grouped together within reflecting, photonic crystal-lined cups acting as macroreceptors, but rod photoreceptors are positioned behind these reflectors. This unusual arrangement matches rod and cone sensitivity for detecting color-mixed stimuli, whereas the photoreceptor grouping renders the fish insensitive to spatial noise; together, this enables more reliable flight reactions in the fish's dim and turbid habitat as compared with fish lacking this retinal specialization. 相似文献
115.
The case of a 31-year-old captive female Western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) with decreased near vision but good distance vision is presented. Examination of the fundus revealed drusen-like bodies in the macula presumably because of an age-related macular degeneration (AMD). 相似文献
116.
Cheryl Lans Nancy Turner Gerhard Brauer Tonya Khan 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2009,90(3-4):268-273
In 2003, semi-structured interviews were conducted in British Columbia, Canada with participants obtained using a purposive sample on the ethnoveterinary remedies used for animals. Twenty-nine participants provided the information in this paper on the ethnoveterinary remedies used for reproductive health in dogs and cats. The plants used for pregnancy support and milk production in pets were raspberry-leaf (Rubus idaeus), motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca), flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale). Uterine infections were treated with black cohosh (Actaea racemosa) and goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis). Most of the studies conducted on these plants have not been conducted on companion animals. 相似文献
117.
Johner SA von Nida K Jahreis G Remer T 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2012,125(1-2):76-82
Cow's milk is one of the most important iodine providers in the human diet. The milk iodine content (MIC) is significantly determined by cattle feeding. The aim of the study was to investigate the longitudinal development of the MIC of German cow's milk during the last years and to assess the current contribution of milk consumption to the population's iodine supply. MIC was analysed by a Cer-Arsenit method after alkaline wet washing in 112 milk samples from nationwide available trademarks (eight samples each were purchased in June and December from 2004 onward to 2010 in the same food markets in the greater Dortmund area). We found an increasing trend of MIC until 2010 (p < 0.005).The mean MIC in 2004/05 was 97 +/- 32 microg/I, in 2009/10 it was 110 +/- 36 microg/l. This increase was only observable for conventionally (p = 0.0003), and not for organically produced milk (p = 0.6). The MIC of summer milk was about 22 microg/l lower than that of winter milk (p < 0.0001), however, seasonal variation was especially pronounced in organically produced milk. MIC of organically produced milk was in average about 54 microg/l lower than that of conventionally produced milk (p < 0.0001). Thus, the moderate increase of MIC to 110 microg/l on average contributes to the maintainence of the population's iodine supply, whereas the analysed maximum iodine contents of around 160 microg/l do not give reason to expect an excessive iodine intake, even in case of a high milk consumption. An appropriate iodine supplementation in foodstuff can be assumed. 相似文献
118.
119.
Truyen U Isa G Gerbermann H Bogner KH Banzhaf K Köstler M Pauels FJ Czerny CP Wittkowski G 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2003,116(5-6):197-202
In Bavaria a BHV-1 eradication program was initiated in 1986 and was changed to a compulsory program in 1998. The eradication success increased progressively from < 50% in 1986 to 87% of the farms in 2002. BHV 1-free farms are controlled by bulk milk serology twice a year along with blood serology in animals that are negative but from herds where positive field virus infected animals are present. All serological tests are performed with an indirect ELISA test, all positive results are confirmed by a gB ELISA. Currently about 100.000 virus infected cattle are in Bavarian herds, approximately 80% of these animals are in heavily infected herds (> 10 infected animals). These herds comprise about 5% of all Bavarian herds. The eradication of the virus in these heavily infected herds is the most diifficult, whereas the prevention of new infections appears controllable. In this review current problems in BHV1 eradication are named and possible improvements are discussed. 相似文献
120.
Michaela Gumpenberger Dr. Med. Vet. Oliver Hochwartner Mag. Med. Vet. Gerhard Loupal Prof. Dr. Med. Vet. 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2004,45(2):139-142
This case report describes the radiographic, ultrasonographic and computed tomographic (CT) examination of an abdominal swelling in a Red Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus Cuvier, 1829). While radiography only demonstrated caudoventral compression of the swimbladder, ultrasonography found a huge tumor-like parenchyma in the caudal abdomen. CT studies detected a possible connection between the tumor and the kidneys. Necropsy and pathohistology were performed. A papillary-cystic adenoma of the kidney was diagnosed. 相似文献