光叶紫花苕子不同翻压期对烤烟生长发育的影响

为了合理利用绿肥轮作改良烟田土壤、提高烤烟产质,在湖北恩施烟区采用田间试验研究了烤烟复种光叶紫花苕子作绿肥时不同翻压期对烤烟生长、产量和品质的影响。连续2年的定位试验表明,在减少化肥施用量15%、翻压绿肥15000 kg/hm2情况下,于烤烟移栽前15~25天翻压绿肥效果较好,烤烟株高、最大叶面积等农艺性状,根、茎、叶及整株干物质量,烟叶产量和产值接近于或高于常规施肥措施,但是移栽前35天翻压等量光叶紫花苕子作绿肥,烤烟生长明显较差,产量和产值显著降低。减少化肥用量15%基础上不同时期翻压绿肥,有利于烤烟上部叶发育,使其单叶重量增加4.5%~18.5%,还可使中上等烟比例提高2.7~8.6个百分点。     

云南小麦隐性自然灾害成因及防控途径分析

通过对云南三大麦区的调查,发现季节性干旱、倒春寒、烂场雨、干热风是云南小麦种植的主要隐性自然灾害。通过查阅国内外的研究结果,结合云南小麦生产实际情况,提出了应对云南小麦隐性自然灾害的措施。     

播期对夏大豆豫豆25号生长发育及产量构成因素的影响

以农业部农业科技跨越计划核心技术品种豫豆25号为材料,从3月31日至7月30日每逢10播种一期,共13个播期。结果表明：不同播期对大豆生育期及产量构成因素的影响较大,生育期随着播期的推迟而缩短。产量以4月10日播期最高,为4170.0kg/hm2,以7月20日播期最低,为1870.0 kg/hm2。平均日积累量则以正常播期6月10日最高,为32.26kg/hm2.d。构成产量的各因素随着播期的推迟而降低,从而产量也随之降低。     

云南国外引进小麦品种主要性状遗传多样性及相关性分析

为了提高云南小麦育种水平,对云南50年来从国外引进并大面积推广的品种进行遗传多样性及相关性分析。结果表明：穗形、壳色、粒色、粒质、饱满度频率分布较集中,遗传多样性较低。生育期、基本苗、最高茎蘖数、有效穗、有效分蘖、株高、穗粒数、穗长、结实小穗数、不结实小穗数、空瘪粒数,千粒重、溶重、产量均存在较大变异,变异幅度系数为1.22%~28.36%,各性状遗传多样性指数均较大,平均为1.7321,结实小穗数多样性指数最大,为2.0381,株高多样性指数最小,为1.4105,表明13份国外引进小麦品种具有较丰富的遗传多样性。基本苗与最高茎蘖数、有效穗呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别达0.555、0.76,最高分蘖数与有效穗呈极显著正相关,相关系数达0.66,基本苗是分蘖数、有效穗形成的基础,穗粒数与千粒重、基本苗呈极显著负相关,相关相关系数别达-0.61、-0.62,穗粒数与千粒重、基本苗是产量构成的一个矛盾体,产量与基本苗、最高茎蘖数、有效分蘖、千粒重、生育期呈正相关,与穗空瘪粒数呈极显著负相关,相关系数达-0.63,因此,在不影响茬口的前提下,选择生育期较长的品种,适当增加播种量,提高基本苗,加强田间管理,促进分蘖,提高成穗率和千粒重,降低空瘪粒数是获得高产的有效手段。     

基于向量模法的西安市水环境承载力研究

为了深入掌握西安市目前的水资源状况,为促进当地的经济、社会发展和水资源保护协调发展提供科学的指导.根据西安市水环境特征和水环境承载力评价指标的选取原则,确定了西安市水环境承载力评价指标.根据水环境承载力影响因素的特征,应用层次分析法构建了各评价因素的3层结构模型,并计算确定了各评价指标的权重.将向量模法与层次分析法相结合,对西安市水环境承载力现状进行评价.结果表明,2004-2010年间西安市水环境承载力状况有逐年改善的趋势,评价值由0.035升至0.083,但是增长速度缓慢,每年的增长幅度只有0.01.西安市的水资源现状正在逐年改善,但是速度缓慢.     

QTL Mapping of Chlorophyll Content in Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense Backcross Inbred Lines

[Objective] The purpose of this study was to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to chlorophyll content based on Soil and Plant Analyzer Development (SPAD) readings in cotton. [Method] The 195 BILs (Backcross Inbred Lines) were produced by a cross between Gossypium barbadense Hai 7124 and G. hirsutum CRI 36, using CRI 36 as the recurrent parent for backcrossing with F1 to produce BC1F1, followed by seven generations of selfing. The genetic linkage map was constructed in a previous study. QTLs of chlorophyll SPAD value in the first flowering and boll development stages were identified with inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) method of the BIP and MET models in IciMapping 4.1 software, respectively. [Result] In total, nine chlorophyll SPAD reading QTLs were identified on 6 chromosomes. The q-SPAD-A11-1 detected at the first flowering stage overlapped with q-SPAD-A11-2 detected at the boll development stage, contributing 5.08% and 5.75% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. The q-SPAD-D08-2 physical position ranged from 48.71 to 53.65 Mb on chromosome D08, which overlapped with a chlorophyll content QTL detected in a previous study. [Conclusion] The novel stable QTLs, q-SPAD-A11-1 and q-SPAD-A11-2 detected in this study provide an important piece of information for fine mapping chlorophyll content in cotton.     

Studies on dynamic contact characteristics of ball screws

Based on Hertz contact theory, a computational method of contact deformation in operating process of ball screws is established in terms of variable contact angles and the centrifugal force. Through the force balance equations, contact deformation in operating process is derived. Taking a ball screw as an example, the influence of its operating condition, contact angles and helix angle on contact characteristics is studied by numerical method. Analysis indicates that the contact deformation on the side of screw decreases and that of nut increases when the screw rotation speed increases and there exists a speed that the later is greater than the former. At the same time, the difference between contact angles increases. Variety of contact angles increase as the axial load decreases, which leads to higher influence on contact deformations. Contact deformations decrease as the contact angle and helix angle increase.     

铜基营养保护剂对棉花生长和产量的影响

2013―2014年采用盆栽试验研究了不同种类及浓度的铜基营养保护剂对棉花生长、产量及防病效果等的影响。结果表明:4种铜基营养保护剂在喷施质量浓度为1 g·L-1和2 g·L-1时,与喷施清水相比,皮棉产量分别增加4.22%~13.38%和21.89%~38.36%;增加了棉株地上部干物质质量,最高达23.96%;降低了棉花病情指数26.75%~40.91%和22.78%~37.78%,但处理间差异不显著。因此,在棉花上喷施铜基营养保护剂既可促进棉花生长,增加棉花产量,又可提高棉花的防病效果。     

高温胁迫下杜鹃差异表达基因的cDNA-SCoT分析

杜鹃花为高山植物,大多不耐高温,严重制约了杜鹃花的迁地保护与园林应用,故有必要探讨杜鹃花属植物在高温逆境下的耐热机理.本研究以2年生的'胭脂蜜'(Rododendron'Yanzhimi')和'江南春早'(R.'Jiangnanchunzao')为材料,进行高温(42 ℃/30 °C)处理,在处理后2、4、8、12及2...