新疆棉花高体细胞胚胎发生能力基因型的筛选

本研究以15个新疆主栽优良品种(系)以及两个对照品种YZ-1和Y668为研究对象,利用下胚轴做外植体进行胚胎发生能力的比较研究,筛选出了5个能够胚胎发生的基因型,即新陆早12,新陆早17,新陆早22,新陆早32和新陆早33,其中新陆早32和新陆早33,能在3个月左右分化,且分化率较高,可达90%左右,其它3个品种的分化效率为:新陆早17为46.9%,新陆早12为35.1%,新陆早22为25.3%,但这3个品种的分化时间都比较长,需5个月左右.同时对5个再生品种及两个对照品种的成胚效率进行了比较,由新陆早32和新陆早33诱导的胚性愈伤在胚状体数目及胚胎萌发效率都比较高,具备作为棉花优良遗传转化受体的基本特征,目前已经用于农杆菌介导的转基因试验.上述研究拓展了棉花组织培养及转基因的受体范围,为新疆棉区转基因育种研究工作的开展提供了重要基础材料.     

Monosomic addition lines of Beta corolliflora in sugar beet: plant morphology and leaf spot resistance

Monosomic addition lines in Beta vulgaris from Beta corolliflora were described morphologically and characterized for disease resistance. Monosomic addition plants (2n= 19) were selected among segregating offspring by a squash dot technique in combination with B. corolliflora‐specific probes. Plants carrying an added chromosome were characterized by leaf shape, plant size and plant vigour. In this way, most addition lines could be distinguished from diploid beets, however, to identify those plants unequivocally, molecular marker analysis was also necessary. Transmission frequencies of each addition line were determined to be in the range 13.9% (Cor‐4) to 60% (Cor‐9). High transmission rate of addition line Cor‐9 was assumed to be due to apomictic propagation because transmission rate after selfing cannot exceed 50%. Cercospora leaf spot resistance tests were performed on 167 monosomic plants from seven different addition lines, two fragment addition lines and 89 diploid controls. No line exhibited complete resistance, but the monosomic additions Cor‐3 and Cor‐4 showed significantly lower infection rates than their diploid sibling plants. The identification of monosomic addition lines with apomictic and disease resistance characters offers the possibility of transferring those genes to sugar beet.     

特优559产量构成因素及丰产稳产性分析

应用数理统计方法对特优559产量构成因(?)及丰产稳产性进行了分析,结果表明:特优559丰产性、稳产性好,适应性强。产量构成因素中以穗数与产量的关系最为密切,对产量的作用最大,其次是每穗总粒数,再次是结实率,千粒重对产量的作用不大。揭示其高产途径和主攻目标是“攻足穗,争大穗,提高结实率,稳定粒重”,使穗、粒、重协调发展,夺取高产。     

种子执法文书制作应注意的问题

《中华人民共和国种子法》(以下简称《种子法》)自2000年12月1日实施以来，各级种子执法工作正式步人了一个法制化、规范化的轨道，种子管理的总体水平有了较大提高，这对于促进我国农业的快速发展起到了十分重要的作用。但综合全国各地种子执法工作的开展情况可以看到，种子执法的现状仍然不容乐观，尤其是种子执法文书制作中格式不规范、内容不完整、表述不准确、用词不严谨、程序不合法的问题大量存在。这些问题，严重制约了农业行政执法工作的深入规范开展，如得不到及时解决，还将直接影响到农业行政主管部门的依法行政水平和政府机关在人民群众中的良好现象。     

不同处理对扁桃种子发芽率及幼苗生长的影响

以石头扁桃和桃扁桃为试材,研究了不同浓度的GA3和BA以及不同发芽床(沙床、毛巾和培养皿)对扁桃发芽率及幼苗生长的影响.结果发现:GA3 1.6mg/L与BA0.4mg/L和0.8mg/L对打破石头扁桃休眠效果明显,GA,1.0mg/L与BA 0.4 mg/L能明显提高桃扁桃的发芽率.BA处理可使幼苗出现畸形,叶片卷曲,顶端呈莲座状,经营养液浇灌,症状没有缓解.     

花粉管通道法转化大豆的分子表征

采用花粉管通道技术将含有gus基因的pBI121质粒DNA导入辽豆14，从处理的100朵花中获得53粒种子。经PCR检测53粒种子的幼苗，共检测出6株阳性植株。采用RT—PCR和GUS组织化学染色法对所获得阳性植株进行检测，其中2株幼苗(T0代17号和33号)均出现阳性结果，进一步对这2株阳性植株进行Southern blot检测，同样获得了阳性结果。上述检测结果表明，gus基因已整合到染色体上并得到了表达。对转基因植株后代进行了PCR跟踪检测，结果从17号株系的28株中检测出19株阳性植株，33号株系的35株幼苗中检测出17株阳性植株，表明gus基因可以在转基因植株后代遗传。本研究结果为大豆花粉管通道转化技术提供了比较充分的分子生物学证据。     

草地螟滞育性的研究

草地螟在我国部分地区有滞育现象.是影响越冬虫源分布和种群数量变动的重要原因之一.1982—1984年观察研究结果,光周期是影响滞育性的决定性条件.其临界光周期为14—15小时,最低临界点13小时,最高临界点16小时,温度是影响年度间滞育量的重要因素.以光周期划分草地螟的滞育区和非滞育区,是掌握虫源基地的重要依据.以滞育区的气温变化,分析幼虫滞育量,对展望种群数量的自然积累或衰落,即种群数量变动规律,具有重要意义.     

A novel environment-induced genic male sterile (EGMS) mutant in indica rice

Summary Male-sterile mutants were isolated from M₂ and M₃ generations of indica rice variety 26 Zhaizao, dry seeds of which had been exposed to ⁶⁰Co- rays at a dose of 290 Gy. The mutants were planted in early season and ratooned in late season for two successive years for identification of fertility conversion in different growing seasons. One of the mutant lines was further observed in a growth chamber and in the field. Results showed that daily average temperature might be the major factor conditioning the male fertility conversion at a moderate daylength. The critical temperature for the male fertility conversion of the mutant grown under 12.5 h and 14.0 h daylength is about 23°C, below which the plant becomes completely male sterile. Its male fertility conversion character differs from other EGMS lines so far developed. The performance of the hybrids between the mutant and some other indica varieties demonstrated its good combining ability and its potential value in hybrid rice production. The obtained mutant line still sheds KI-stainable pollen grains under male sterilizing conditions. Nevertheless, pollen grains shed from the male sterile plants were much more vulnerable than from normal plants. At sucrose concentration below 1.5 M, the pollen grains from the mutant grown under male sterilizing conditions almost completely broke down, while above 1.5 M they became plasmolysed and shrunken. This is indicative of poor development of the membrane and walls of the pollen grains from the male sterile mutant, causing the pollen grains to be unfunctional. NBT test also clarified the abortion of the pollen grains from the mutant, which were formed in the male sterilizing environment.     

磁场处理水对蔬菜种子发芽影响的初步研究

本研究采用0.025T、0.05T、0.1 T(T:特斯拉)剂量的磁场处理水对结球甘蓝、白尖叶莴苣和短叶十三萝卜的种子进行浸种处理.结果表明:不同剂量的磁场处理水浸泡蔬菜种子与对照(非磁场处理水浸泡种子)在发芽率和发芽势上存在显著的差异,其中以0.1T磁场处理水浸泡蔬菜种子的效果为最好.     

基于转录组测序的苦瓜热激蛋白相关基因分析

为获得苦瓜叶片高温胁迫状态下表达的相关基因,本研究以高温胁迫下苦瓜叶片为实验材料,采用Illumina HiSeq 2500高通量测序技术对正常温度(26℃)和高温胁迫(38℃)下苦瓜叶片转录测序后进行组装,再利用KEGG、Pfam、Swiss-Prot和NR数据库平台对热激蛋白的相关功能基因筛选,共获得24个热激蛋白相关基因,包括得20个热激蛋白基因、2个位于叶绿体中的小热激蛋白以及2个热激转录因子。聚类分析研究表明,涉及到热激蛋白相关的20个Unigene广泛分布于3大类中,其中c42567和c43094这两个亲缘关系最近;两个小热激蛋白c42963和c12133的亲缘关系次之;c35683和c3040两个热激转录因子亲缘关系最远。通过本次研究中获取的24个热激蛋白相关Unigene信息,有助于深入研究苦瓜耐高温胁迫机理等提供数据信息。