Adiponectin‐impaired adipocyte differentiation negatively regulates fat deposition in chicken

Adiponectin is a protein hormone secreted exclusively by adipocytes that plays an important role in the modulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. To investigate the effect of adiponectin on lipid metabolism in chicken, rosiglitazone (agonist of adiponectin) and dexamethasone (inhibitor of adiponectin) were used to treat 23‐day‐old broilers in vivo. To verify the functionality of adiponectin on fat deposition, chicken pre‐adipocytes were cultured in the medium containing 10 μg/ml adiponectin. Serum adiponectin and lipids and fat distribution were analysed. Oil Red O staining was used to determine lipid deposition in adipocytes. The expression levels of adiponectin, adiponectin receptors (AdipoR) and lipid metabolism–related genes in different tissues and pre‐adipocytes were measured using real‐time PCR, and the abundance of lipid metabolism–related proteins was measured by Western blot. Rosiglitazone increased serum adiponectin concentration and the expression levels of adiponectin and adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) in tissues and significantly decreased levels of serum lipids and fat deposition. Rosiglitazone significantly increased the expression levels of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and AdipoR1 and decreased the expression levels of fatty acid synthase (FAS). Dexamethasone had the converse effects compared with rosiglitazone. Oil red O staining results showed a marked decrease in fat deposition in cells treated with adiponectin. In adipocytes, adiponectin could decrease the expression levels of CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α (C/EBPα) and FAS and increased the expression levels of ATGL and AdipoR1. These results indicate that adiponectin has a remarkable effect on impairment of adipocyte differentiation, which contributes to the negative regulation of fat deposition in chicken.     

法氏囊在鸡淋巴细胞性白血病发生发展中的作用

用鸡淋巴细胞性白血病病毒ＲＡＶ－１株接种３５只１日龄伊莎鸡雏,于接毒后不同批次扑杀,采取法氏囊做组织学、免疫细胞化学、透射电镜观察。结果：接毒后１个月,法氏囊滤泡髓质淋巴细胞开始转化,接毒后２～５个月更明显,在法氏囊滤泡髓质区形成成淋巴细胞克隆增殖灶。接毒后６个月,法氏囊萎缩。生物素－亲和素（ＢＡ）法染色表明法氏囊一直存有病毒和群特异性抗原,以接毒后３～４个月含量最高。电镜观察,在接毒后１～４个月的实验鸡法氏囊滤泡髓质淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞和网状细胞中观察到淋巴细胞性白血病（ＬＬ）病毒粒子。组织学、免疫细胞化学和电镜观察都表明法氏囊是该病的主要靶器官之一,法氏囊在鸡淋巴细胞性白血病的发生发展中起一定的作用     

Screening for reproductive biomarkers in Bactrian camel via iTRAQ analysis of proteomes

Bactrian camel is an ancient and precious species of livestock; that is, unique resources exist in the desert and have important economic and scientific value. In recent years, the number of Bactrian camels has declined sharply. Due to its long reproductive cycle and seasonal oestrus, the mechanism of oestrus is unknown. To identify candidate biomarkers of reproduction, we performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of serum from Bactrian camel in oestrus and non-oestrus, using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. We identified 359 proteins, of which 32 were differentially expressed: 11 were up-regulated and 21 were down-regulated in samples from camels in oestrus. We validated the differential expression of a subset of these proteins using qPCR and Western blot. Gene ontology annotation identified that the differentially expressed proteins function in cellular processes, metabolic processes and immune system processes. Notably, five of the differentially expressed proteins, PCGF5, histone H1.2, RBP4, FOLR1 and ANTXR2, are involved in reproductive regulatory processes in other animals. KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated significant enrichment in several cardiac-related pathways, such as ‘dilated cardiomyopathy’, ‘hypertrophic cardiomyopathy’, ‘cardiac muscle contraction’ and ‘adrenergic signalling in cardiomyopathy’. Our results suggest that candidate biomarker (PCGF5, histone H1.2, RBP4, FOLR1 and ANTXR2) discovery can aid in understanding reproduction in Bactrian camels. We conclude that the profiling of serum proteomes, followed by the measurement of selected proteins using more targeted methods, offers a promising approach for studying mechanisms of oestrus.     

利用生物性状检测青蒿的遮阴性能

试验采取盆栽,三次重复,以2个不同青蒿为材料,在遮阴和正常两个条件下,利用生物性状检测青蒿的遮阴性能。结果表明,遮阴条件下,青蒿地上部干重、地下部干重、株高、叶面积、叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量和青蒿素含量均减少,经过方差分析,2个青蒿材料各项指标遮阴和正常两个条件下差异显著, 青蒿叶片青蒿素与地上部干重、叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素达1%显著相关。     

Moricandia arvensis 与甘蓝型油菜属间杂种的获得及其生物学特性研究

以C_3作物甘蓝型油菜作父本与野生C_3—C_4中间型植物Moricandia arvensis作有性杂交,经子房培养和胚性芽挽救,获得了4个属间杂种,经腋芽繁殖使杂种群体增至数百株。RFLP分析结果显示,杂种核DNA具有两个亲本的特征指纹,而其细胞质中仅含母本Moricandia arvensis的线粒体DNA指纹。杂种多具33条染色体,为双亲配子染色体数之和。虽然杂种植株在大多数形态特征上表现为双亲的中间类型,但在某些性状上明显趋向某一亲本。杂种植株的一般特征是半匍匐性,浅裂叶,开浅黄花。其以CO_2补偿点很高,为C_3类型。花粉母细胞减数分裂不正常,有多价体产生。杂种雌雄性皆不育。用秋水仙素将杂种加倍为双二倍体后,仍然雄性不育。对进一步向芸薹属作物基因组中导入C_3-C_4基因的技术途径进行了讨论。     

水分胁迫对不同木薯品种叶片生理生化的影响

木薯作为一种重要的亚热带粮食/能源作物,备受重视。为了探索水分胁迫对不同木薯品种的影响,对3个木薯栽培品种进行了不同梯度的干旱处理,利用相关及判别分析方法研究其相关生理生化指标与木薯抗旱性的关系。结果表明,随着水分胁迫强度的增加,不同木薯品种Fv/Fm有不同程度的降低,测试品种中SC124降低幅度最大,SC5变化最小;ABA含量则有所增强,变化幅度因供试品种而异,SC124变化最为显著,SC5增强幅度最小。本次测试的木薯3个品种的抗旱能力显示,SC5相对较耐干旱,SC124相对不耐干旱。     

中国蔬菜无土栽培基质研究进展

综述了中国蔬菜无土栽培基质的发展历史和基质的来源、成分与选择标准;总结了评价栽培基质优势的主要方法,包括：测定基质的物理、化学和生物学性质,研究基质对蔬菜生产性状和农艺性状的影响,把基质的理化性质研究与蔬菜营养生长和生殖生长指标研究相结合,研究基质和营养液共同对蔬菜品质及环境的影响,研究基质的经济性状;提出今后基质研究的基本方向是：加强对使用效果好、成本低的基质研究,向有机生态型栽培基质方向发展,向经济环保型基质方向发展,向快速、简单、无公害的基质消毒方向发展。     

海南槟榔土壤养分与其养分特征及作用研究进展

随着海南槟榔种植面积扩大和产业发展,槟榔土壤养分,如有机质、氮、磷和钾等养分元素含量有很大降低,以至植株不能得到充足的养分,从而不能满足槟榔的生长和开花结果的营养需求,故产量偏低。植株严重缺素时,导致植株黄化, 使植株抵抗病害能力降低,使槟榔树寿命缩短。 所以对海南不同地区正常槟榔园的土壤条件和槟榔树的营养状况进行研究,且对海南槟榔土壤养分及其养分特征分析应受到极大关注,旨在通过合理施肥予及时补充槟榔土壤养分,从而提高槟榔产量和品质,同时,增强其抵抗病虫的能力。所以,本文综述了目前槟榔园土壤肥力状况、槟榔树营养特点、和槟榔土壤养分与其养分对其黄化病的影响。     

柠条生长季平茬对根系贮藏营养物质的影响

为了研究不同月份平茬对柠条根系贮存常规性营养物质和可溶性性营养物质的影响。采用饲料监测方法测定常规营养物质,参考《植物生理学实验指导》和《植物生理生化实验原理和技术》方法测定可溶性营养物质。结果表明,随着平茬时间推迟,柠条根系蛋白质含量呈逐渐下降的趋势,淀粉与脂肪之间相互转化协调逆境变化维持生命或再生发挥作用;可溶性碳水化合物是柠条根系主要贮藏的营养物质,对柠条不同月份平茬逆境胁迫下反应比较敏感;可溶性糖类与可溶性淀粉的比例逐渐随着月份增加,有利于植株抗击冻害;萌动期、初霜期平茬对柠条根系营养物质影响较大。柠条生长季平茬建议在4—8月进行。     

不同供氮水平下野慈菇营养元素（N）的生殖分配

通过不同氮水平稻田杂草野慈菇（Sagittatia trifolia）的取样测定,研究了野慈菇在开花前期、盛花期和结实期各构件的营养元素（N）生殖分配特点。结果表明：从开花前期到结实期,野慈菇各器官中的全氮含量及总氮含量基本呈增加趋势,根茎中氮元素分配比例上升,叶中氮元素分配比例下降,生殖器官中氮元素分配比例上升;在盛花期,氮元素分配格局表现为：叶>根茎>花>生殖附属器官（花葶）,随着供氮量的增加,根茎中氮元素分配呈增大趋势,叶中氮元素分配呈减小趋势,氮元素生殖分配比例为：N2>N3>N1>CK;在结实期分配格局,则为：根茎>叶>果>生殖附属器官（花葶）,优先将氮元素分配给营养贮藏器官--根茎,随着供氮量的增加,根茎中氮元素分配呈下降趋势,叶中氮元素分配呈上升趋势,氮元素生殖分配比例为：N3>N2>CK>N1;同时,在低供氮量下（CK和N1）,野慈菇以无性繁殖为主;在高供氮量下（N2和N3）,野慈菇则以有性繁殖为主。