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51.
In this study, the regenerated silk fibroin (SF)/nylon 6 blend filaments were fabricated by the wet spinning and miscibility,
structural characteristics, and thermal behavior of blend filaments were elucidated. The XRD results implied that the amount
of crystalline region of each polymer did not change linearly with the blend ratio suggesting that there are some changes
in the miscibility depending on the mixing ratio. The SEM observation revealed that the miscibility of blend decreased with
an increase of nylon 6 resulting in a severe phase separation in 50/50 SF/nylon 6 filament. The miscibility governed the thermal
behavior of blend filaments. The melting point of nylon 6 remained constant until 50 % nylon 6 content, whereas the melting
point depression appeared in 30 % nylon 6 implying miscibility. Interestingly, the thermal decomposition of the nylon 6 component
was accelerated by the presence of SF and the acceleration action of SF became stronger as the miscibility increased. 相似文献
52.
Three hawthorn and related rust diseases caused by Gymnosporangium confusum on Crataegus monogyna, Gymnosporangium clavariiforme on Crataegus orientalis and Gymnosporangium sabinae on Pyrus communis were detected in Hatay province, Turkey. G. confusum was also found causing telial galls on Juniperus communis. G. confusum and G. clavariiforme produced aecial horns on overwintered galls on hawthorn twigs from May to June. The production of galls caused by Gymnosporangium on the secondary host is unusual. Portions of the nuclear ITS and LSU rDNA were sequenced for all three species of Gymnosporangium for use as a species barcode; sequences were deposited in GenBank. Sequence data from G. clavariiforme and G. sabinae matched those in GenBank; however, this is the first study to deposit sequence data from G. confusum to GenBank. The life cycles of G. confusum and G. clavariiforme are discussed along with implications for disease control. 相似文献
53.
Hyeok Ran Kwon Gyung Ja Choi Yong Ho Choi Kyoung Soo Jang Nack‐Do Sung Mun Seong Kang Yilseong Moon Seung Kyu Lee Jin‐Cheol Kim 《Pest management science》2010,66(6):634-639
BACKGROUND: Pine wilt disease (PWD) is very complex and has been reported to be caused by pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle, and its accompanying bacteria. However, there is no report on the control of PWD by antibacterial agent. The present study was performed to investigate disease control efficacy of antibacterial agents against PWD. RESULTS: Among six antibacterial antibiotics tested, oxolinic acid (OA) showed the strongest antibacterial activity against five bacteria isolated from three strains of pine wood nematode. In in vivo assay, it effectively suppressed the development of PWD in three‐year‐old seedlings of Pinus densiflora Sieb. & Zucc.; it showed 71% control when injected at 3 mg per seedling. A mixture of OA and the nematicidal agent abamectin (Ab) showed higher disease control efficacy against PWD than either OA or Ab alone. In addition, OA alone and a mixture of OA and Ab also controlled PWD in approximately 20‐year‐old pine trees under field conditions. CONCLUSION: This is the first report on the suppression of PWD by OA. The result strongly indicates that PWD could be controlled by antibacterial antibiotic alone and a combination of antibacterial and nematicidal agents. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
54.
Do?Thi?XuanEmail author Vo?Thi?Guong Anna?Rosling Sadhna?Alstr?m Benli?Chai Nils?H?gberg 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2012,48(2):217-225
Intensive cropping, especially of rice, is considered to contribute to negative effects not only on soil chemical and biological
properties but also on long-term grain yield. Appropriate crop rotation is often practiced as an alternative strategy to overcome
the negative side effects of intensive cropping. Although soil microbial diversity and community structure have been shown
to respond differently to altered agricultural management practices, little is known about possible links between crop rotation
and grain yield on bacterial communities in rice paddy soil. In this study, we investigated the impact of specific rotational
crops and compared it with intensive rice cultivation. The main crop rice (Oryza sativa) was rotated with maize (Zea mays) and mungbean (Phaseolus aureus) in different combinations in a system cultivating three crops per year. Soil bacterial communities were studied in two different
cropping periods using pyrosequencing of the variable V4 region of the 16S rRNA. Our results showed that rotation with alternative
crops increased rice yield by 24–46% depending on rotation structure and that bacterial community structure was altered in
the presence of mungbean and/or maize compared to that in rice monoculture. In the crop rotation systems, composition, abundance,
and diversity of soil bacterial communities were significantly different and higher than those in rice monoculture. Our results
show that effects of crop rotation relate to changes in soil bacterial community structure suggesting that appropriate crop
rotations provide a feasible practice to maintain the equilibrium in soil microbial environment for sustainable rice cultivation. 相似文献
55.
Chinh Chung Doan Thanh Long Le Nghia Son Hoang Ngoc Trung Doan Van Dong Le Minh Si Do 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2014,18(2):67-75
Background: Stem cell therapy for the treatment of vascular-related diseases through functional revascularization is one of the most important research areas in tissue engineering. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro differentiation of umbilical CL-MSC into endothelial lineage cells. Methods: In this study, isolated cells were characterized for expression of MSC-specific markers and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. They were induced to differentiate into endothelial-like cells and then examined for expression of the endothelial-specific markers, karyotype, and functional behavior of cells. Results: Isolated cells expressed MSC-specific markers and differentiated into adipocytes and osteoblasts. After endothelial differentiation, they expressed CD31, vWF, VE-cadherin, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2 at both mRNA and protein level, but their morphological changes were not apparent when compared with those of undifferentiated cells. There were no significant changes in karyotype of differentiated cells. Furthermore, angiogenesis assay and LDL uptake assay showed that differentiated cells were able to form the capillary-like structures and uptake LDL, respectively. Conclusion: The results indicated that umbilical CL-MSC could differentiate into functional endothelial-like cells. Also, they are suitable for basic and clinical studies to cure several vascular-related diseases. Key Words: Endothelial differentiation, Endothelial-like cells, Mesenchymal stem cells, Umbilical cord lining membrane 相似文献
56.
Kyung?Min?Yoo Seok?Won?Lee Jae?Ryoun?YounEmail author Do?Heum?Yoon Young?Eun?Cho Jae-Pil?Yu Hyung?Sang?Park 《Fibers and Polymers》2003,4(2):89-96
A vertebral cage is a hollow medical device which is used in spine surgery. By implanting the cage into the spine column,
it is possible to restore disc and relieve pressure on the nerve roots. Most cages have been made of titanium alloys but they
detract the biocompatibility. Currently PEEK (polyether ether ketone) is applied to various implants because it has good properties
like heat resistance, chemical resistance, strength, and especially biocompatibility. A new shape of vertebral cage is designed
and injection molding of PEEK is considered for production. Before injection molding of the cage, it is needed to evaluate
process conditions and properties of the final product. Variables affecting the shrinkage of the cage are considered, e.g.,
injection time, packing pressure, mold temperature, and melt temperature. By using the numerical simulation program, MOLDFLOW,
several cases are studied. Data files obtained by MOLDFLOW analysis are used for stress analysis with ABAQUS, and shrinkage
and residual stress fields are predicted. With these results, optimum process conditions are determined. 相似文献
57.
Sung Ok Sohn So Min Lee Yun Mi Kim Jeong Hyun Yeum Jin Hyun Choi Han Do Ghim 《Fibers and Polymers》2007,8(2):163-167
A durable aroma finishing for PET fabric was carried out by adopting poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) nanoparticles containing lavender
oil (LO) in core. Relatively small size of PVAc nanoparticles (ca. 244 nm of mean particle diameter) was expected to resist
the frictional destruction of the particles, which is frequently observed in cases of microcapsules. PVAc nanoparticles containing
LO in core were prepared by emulsification-diffusion method and their application as an aroma releasing agent for PET fabrics
was assessed through the observation of releasing profiles of LO in ethanol for experimental acceleration. Melamine-formaldehyde
(MF) microcapsules containing LO were also prepared and treated on fabrics for comparison. PVAc nanoparticles treated on PET
fabric showed higher initial releasing amount, which was ascribed to the enhanced surface area. After 2 days of releasing,
PET fabric treated with PVAc nanoparticles showed slower and more stable releasing profile and reached about 12 ppm of cumulative
release after 16 days, which was under two thirds of that with MF microcapsules. PVAc nanoparticles can be used as an agent
for durable aroma finishing of PET fabrics. 相似文献
58.
Geraniol 10-hydroxylase (G10H), a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, has been reported to be involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoid indole alkaloids. The gene for Catharanthus roseus G10H (CrG10H) was cloned and heterologously expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells. A number of substrates were subjected to assay the enzyme activity of CrG10H. As reported in a previous study, CrG10H hydroxylated the monoterpenoid geraniol at the C-10 position to generate 10-hydroxygeraniol. Interestingly, CrG10H also catalyzed 3'-hydroxylation of naringenin to produce eriodictyol. Coexpression of an Arabidopsis NADPH P450 reductase substantially increased the ability of CrG10H to hydroxylate naringenin. The catalytic activity of CrG10H was approximately 10 times more efficient with geraniol than with naringenin, judged by the k(cat)/K(m) values. Thus, G10H also plays an important role in the biosynthetic pathway of flavonoids, in addition to its previously described role in the metabolism of terpenoids. 相似文献
59.
A 16-wk growth trial was conducted to examine the effects of dietary replacement of fish meal by defatted soybean meal (SBM) and fermented soybean meal (FSBM) with taurine supplementation on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) and biological parameters of pompano fish. The FSBM was produced by fermenting SBM with Lactobacillus spp. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to replace 35% or 50% of fish meal by SBM or FSBM with taurine supplementation. The diets are denoted as follows: FM, SBM35, SBM35T, FSBM35T, SBM50, SBM50T, and FSBM50T. The FM (the basal diet) contained fish meal as a main source of dietary protein. Taurine was supplemented to SBM35T, FSBM35T, SBM50T, and FSBM50T at the level of 15 g/kg diet. Pompano juveniles with an initial body weight (BW) of 80 g reared in floating net cages were fed the experimental diets twice daily for 16 wk. Results showed that the final BW, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio of fish fed SBM35 and SBM50 were significantly lower than those of fish fed FM (P < 0.05), indicating that the replacement of fish meal by SBM at the rate of 35% in the diet is excessive for pompano. Supplementation of taurine to the SBM-included diets significantly increased growth performance and feed utilization (P < 0.05); however, these diets did not restore the performance back to a level equivalent to that of fish offered the basal diet. Meanwhile, fish fed FSBM35T had comparable growth and feed performances to those fed FM. Hematocrit values, total biliary bile acid levels, whole body lipid contents, and tissue taurine concentrations of fish fed SBM35 and SBM50 were the lowest among the treatments, but these parameters were improved by taurine supplementation and FSBM inclusion in the diet. Taurine supplementation increased lipid ADC, and SBM fermentation slightly enhanced both lipid and protein ADCs of the fish. These findings suggest that the combination of FSBM and taurine supplementation is an effective way to improve growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and biological parameters, and that FSBM with taurine supplementation can replace 35% of fish meal in pompano diets without any negative effects on growth and feed performances in a long-term feeding period. 相似文献
60.
Kim Sam Soo Leem Su Gyung Ghim Han Do Kim Joon Ho Lyoo Won Seok 《Fibers and Polymers》2003,4(4):204-209
The effect of padding solution on the microwave heat dyeing of polyester fabric was studied extensively. Polyester fabrics
were impregnated in aqueous urea solution and aqueous sodium chloride solution for 10 min and then dyed for 7 min by microwave
apparatus (2 450 MHz, 700 W) under optimum conditions which provide good exhaustion. Aqueous solutions of urea and sodium
chloride showed more effective than water as a padding solution for microwave heat dyeing. The type of solvent added in padding
media and its concentration significantly affects the K/S values of dyed polyester fabric. Added solvents such as n-hexane,
acetone, and dimethyl formamide were also more effective than 100% water as padding media for the microwave heat dyeing. It
is supposed that the effect of used solvents on dyeing property of polyester fabrics depends on the solubility parameter difference
between solvent and polyester fabric. 相似文献