Effect of three insect-resistant maizes expressing Cry1Ie,Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj and Cry1Ab on the growth and development of armyworm Mythimna separata(Walker)

Three transgenic maize events(IE09 S034, Shuangkang 12–5 and C0030.3.5) produced Cry1 Ie, Cry1 Ab/Cry2 Aj and G10-EPSPS, Cry1 Ab and EPSPS, respectively, all of which target the Asian corn borer. The oriental armyworm Mythimna separata(Walker) is the secondary target. In this study, the effects of the three Bt maizes on the development and survival of armyworm were studied. The results showed that IE09 S034 had insecticidal activity against 1 st instar larvae, and the survival rate of armyworm fed with Bt maize for 10 days was 46.2%, significantly lower than that of the control. The larvae at 3 rd–6 th instar were more tolerant of the Bt toxin than the early instar larvae. However, Shuangkang 12-5 had good insecticidal activity against 1 st–5 th instar larvae. The mortality was nearly 100% when the larvae were fed with Shuangkang 12-5 before 3 rd instar, and the toxin had quick-acting efficacy. This event significantly inhibited the development of armyworm; that is, the larval duration of the 3 rd and 4 th instar larvae fed with Shuangkang 12-5 was prolonged by 4.5 and 3.0 days, respectively. The pupal weight and egg number were also significantly lower than those of the control. For C0030.3.5, it could control 1 st–5 th instar larvae effectively. The mortality rates were all over 50% if 1 st–3 rd larvae were fed with this event. The pupal weight of 4 th–6 th instar larvae fed with Bt maize were only 53.9, 56.8 and 54.6%, respectively, compared to that of the control. The number of eggs laid was significantly less than the control. The results indicate that all three transgenic maize events exhibit the potential to provide effective control of early instar larvae of armyworm, which can be commercialized in future to control lepidoptera pests such as Asian corn borer and armyworm.     

内生真菌对醉马草白粉病抗性的影响

为研究内生真菌对醉马草白粉病抗性的影响,在温室条件下,对自然发生不同程度白粉病(健康、轻度感病和重度感病植株)的带内生真菌(E+)和不带内生真菌(E-)的醉马草植株的发病率、病叶率、病情指数及各项生理生化指标进行测定。结果表明,E+醉马草的发病率48%显著低于E-醉马草的发病率97%(P0.05),E+的病叶率60%显著低于E-醉马草病叶率86%(P0.05),E+醉马草的病情指数为50.76,E-醉马草的病情指数为82.49;通过各项生理生化指标的测定发现与健康植株相比,在轻度和重度发病植株中,内生真菌的存在可以显著(P0.05)提高醉马草叶片的叶绿素含量和脯氨酸含量,E+醉马草的SOD酶活性和POD酶活性也显著高于E-醉马草,同时内生真菌显著地降低了醉马草叶片中丙二醛(MDA)的含量。据此说明内生真菌的存在能够提高醉马草抗白粉病的能力。     

饲料质地对肉鸡生产性能和经济效益的影响

无论是试验数据还是实际生产结果都证明饲喂高质量的颗粒料能明显提高肉鸡的经济效益.但是,从全球范围来看仍有很多肉鸡场仍在给肉鸡饲喂粉料而且其中很大一部分并未打算给肉鸡提供高质量颗粒料的想法.     

京海黄鸡生长和产蛋率曲线的拟合

为探索京海黄鸡生长发育规律和合理利用种质资源,本研究随机选取京海黄鸡母鸡300只,测量0～35周龄体重和19～66周龄产蛋率,用Logistic、Bertalanffy、Compertz3种生长曲线模型和伍德、杨宁、分室、三次方程4种产蛋曲线模型拟合京海黄鸡的生长曲线和产蛋率曲线,并对拟合结果加以比较分析,结果表明,Compertz模型能更好地拟合京海黄鸡的生长曲线(R2=0.9994),杨宁模型最适合应用于京海黄鸡的产蛋曲线拟合(R2=0.976)。     

“催情促孕散”对绵羊子宫和输卵管肌电活动的影响

采用浆膜表面埋植以极引导电极,多道同时记录法,测定了“崔情促孕散”对休情期绵羊子宫和输卵管肌电活动的是宫体,子宫角,输卵管肌电活动的影响。结果表明：催情促孕散对子宫体,子宫角均有明显增强其肌电活动的峰电峰值,峰电频率,电活动时程的作用。     

IMC10200株ALV-J实验诱发禽骨髓性白血病的研究

对分离自肉种鸡群亚临床感染的J亚群禽白血病病毒IMC1o200株进行了实验感染诱发禽骨髓性白血病的病理学研究.IMC10200株J亚群禽白血病病毒尿囊腔接种11日龄肉鸡胚和SPF蛋鸡胚,孵出后跟踪观察.9周龄时随机抽检感染鸡,感染肉鸡特异引物PCR检测全部为阳性;组织病理学观察感染鸡无明显病变.至21周龄时感染肉鸡出现第一例典型骨髓性白血病病例;感染SPF蛋鸡未见明显J亚群禽白血病相关病变.     

microRNA-124-3p调控H1N1亚型猪流感病毒致小鼠肺损伤的研究

为研究microRNA-124-3p（miR-124-3p）对H1N1亚型猪流感病毒（swine influenza virus,SIV）感染小鼠所致肺损伤的调控作用,本试验构建miR-124-3p腺病毒表达载体,通过小鼠尾部静脉注射法构建miR-124-3p差异表达小鼠模型,试验分3组：过表达组、抑制组和对照组。48 h后,各组小鼠鼻腔接种H1N1亚型SIV,每只10⁵ EID₅₀（50 μL）。连续观察14 d,计算小鼠平均体重变化率、观察病理切片并测定相关炎症因子IL-1β、TNF-α和IL-6 mRNA相对表达量。结果显示,已成功将pre-miR序列及其sponge序列插入腺病毒的穿梭质粒,并将其共转染293A细胞。实时荧光定量PCR检测证实,与对照组相比,过表达组和抑制组小鼠黑色素瘤细胞miR-124-3p表达水平分别极显著升高（P<0.01）和显著降低（P<0.05）,表明成功构建腺病毒表达载体。过表达组、抑制组和对照组小鼠体重变化率分别为－5.5%、－12.4%和－8.6%。抑制组和对照组均可见肺泡壁增厚,其间有多量淋巴细胞浸润,部分肺泡内出现纤维蛋白渗出,且抑制组病理变化更为严重,肺泡中还有大量的红细胞浸润;而过表达组仅有少量的淋巴细胞浸润,肺脏组织较正常。与对照组相比,过表达组检测的炎症因子IL-1β、TNF-α和IL-6 mRNA表达水平均显著降低（P<0.05）;抑制组炎症相关炎症因子mRNA表达水平均显著升高（P<0.05）。本试验结果表明,miR-124-3p对H1N1亚型SIV感染小鼠所致的肺脏炎症因子的表达具有抑制作用,同时能减轻肺脏病理损伤。     

武定鸡脂联素基因多态性分析

[目的]对武定鸡脂联素基因（NC_006096）第1外显子上的c.A99G突变位点进行多态性分析。[方法]翅静脉采集67只武定鸡全血,提取基因组DNA,采用PCR-RFLP法分析Hsp92Ⅱ限制性内切酶对PCR产物进行单酶切的结果。[结果]在c.A99G同义突变位点上存在AA、AB和BB 3种基因型,其中A基因频率为0.686 6,B基因频率为0.313 4;PIC=0.337 8,表明该位点为中度多态位点;χ²适合性检验表明,脂联素基因c.A99G位点处于平衡状态。[结论]采用PCR-RFLP法可有效检测武定鸡脂联素基因c.A99G突变,该位点有3种基因型,等位基因呈中度遗传多态水平且处于平衡状态。     

不同添加剂对高粱青贮质量的影响

为探讨不同添加剂对不同高粱青贮饲料质量影响,以4个高粱品种的全株为青贮原料,设清水对照和分别添加乙酸(0.3%)、丙酸(0.3%)和尿素(0.5%)4个处理,袋装青贮60天后取样,测定其发酵品质与化学成分。结果表明:添加乙酸处理显著提高青贮饲料的乳酸含量(P<0.05);添加丙酸处理显著降低青贮饲料的pH值和氨态氮含量,却显著提高乳酸含量(P<0.05);添加尿素处理显著提高青贮饲料的粗蛋白质及乳酸含量(P<0.05)。不同品种高粱青贮饲料的发酵质量存在差异,添加剂和品种对青贮的发酵品质有交互作用。其中,品种大力士和乐食青贮饲料品质优于天农青饲1号和乙醇高粱;添加乙酸、丙酸和尿素可以改善高粱青贮饲料发酵品质。     

水分优化及液体防霉系统对肉鸡颗粒饲料生产的影响

对分布在不同地区的3家饲料企业进行水分优化及液体防霉系统(Moisture Optimization Program,MOP)在颗粒饲料生产中的试验,将试验数据进行科学系统地分析,结果显示MOP系统对解决肉鸡颗粒饲料加工过程中出现的诸如水分损失、能耗较高、设备损耗等问题有较好的效果,同时并没有带来额外的饲料储存风险。试验及生产实践表明,美国建明公司的MOP系统理论完善、设备精密度高、产品性能稳定、使用效果好,可以给饲料生产企业带来可观的经济效益。