山东主要水稻品种演变及系谱分析

50多年来,山东省水稻品种经过4次大的更新,每一次更新都对稻作起到了极大的促进作用。山东水稻品种选育中,桂花黄、日本品种以及地方品种对水稻品种改良起到了关键作用。山东省水稻育种工作还应加大国内外优良稻种资源的引进和利用,并注重应用育种新技术和新方法。     

江西4个地方鹅品种遗传多样性的微卫星标记分析

通过选用31个多态性较好的微卫星标记,检测江西4个地方鹅品种的遗传多样性。利用等位基因频率计算出各群体的平均遗传杂合度(H)、多态信息含量(P IC)和群体间的遗传距离(DA)。结果表明:31个微卫星位点中有25个微卫星位点在4个鹅群体中的多态信息含量均为中度多态,可作为有效的遗传标记用于各鹅品种的遗传多样性和系统发生关系的分析;4个鹅品种的杂合度都较高,平均杂合度为0.584 6~0.643 4,其中最高的是广丰白翎鹅(0.643 4),最低的是莲花白鹅,而且杂合度的高低与P IC值的大小表现出较高的一致性。用DA的U PGM A法进行聚类分析,结果4个鹅品种被聚为3类,莲花白鹅与丰城灰鹅聚为第1类,广丰白翎鹅自聚为第2类,兴国灰鹅自聚为第3类。     

银杏叶总内酯超声提取工艺优化

以初冬银杏叶为试验材料,考察超声浸提时间、乙醇浓度、水浴温度、浸提次数对银杏叶总内酯浸提的影响,并对试验结果进行验证.结果表明,初冬银杏叶总内酯超声提取的最佳工艺为:料液比1:20,55℃水浴中45%的乙醇超声浸提20 min,浸提1次,浸提液中总内酯含量达10.86 mg/g.验证性试验结果表明,此工艺稳定,仪器精密度良好、回收率高、省时、节能,可以为工厂化浸提初冬银杏叶总内酯提供一定的技术参考.     

促花调控对反季柠檬果实品质的影响

研究不同促花调控方式对德宏反季柠檬产量及果实品质的影响。结果表明,不同促花调控处理反季柠檬产量均高于对照;C2(促花剂)、C3(多效唑)处理后的柠檬单果重量、果实纵横经、果皮厚度、还原糖、可溶性固形物较高,各处理间未达到显著差异;但C3(多效唑)处理的果实出汁率、总酸含量低于对照;C8(滴水线下深沟断根+环剥)处理的Vc含量最高,其他处理Vc含量均低于对照;C6(环剥+喷促花剂)处理的总酸含量最高。结合反季柠檬产量及品质综合考虑,C2(喷促花剂)和C3(喷多效唑)2种促花调控措施较好。     

触角和光暗对荔枝蝽若虫聚集行为的影响

采用封闭空间生物测定法,研究有无触角时以及光照和黑暗条件下,荔枝蝽若虫的聚集情况。结果表明,未剪除触角的荔枝蝽若虫的聚集百分比为46％～68％,而剪除触角的荔枝蝽的聚集百分比为22％～38％,两者间差异达到显著水平。光暗条件对荔枝蝽的聚集行为没有明显影响。     

苜蓿褐斑病抗性基因ISSR标记研究

运用ISSR分子标记技术,结合集群分离分析法对5个苜蓿品种进行褐斑病抗性基因的分子标记研究.结果表明,在65个ISSR引物中,40个引物能够产生清晰稳定的扩增条带,其中11个引物在5个品种所组成的混合抗、感病DNA池间产生特异性条带.在5个品种的抗、感病DNA池间对11个ISSR标记进行验证,发现能够同时在3个以上苜蓿品种抗、感病DNA池间稳定存在的标记为4个.     

饲粮n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸比例对畜禽健康和产品品质的影响

现今人类膳食中n-6多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)大多都是过量的,但n-3 PUFA却严重不足.研究表明,n-6/n-3 PUFA比例平衡对畜禽健康和产品品质有着重要意义,n-6/n-3 PUFA比例平衡成为当下最受关注的问题.本文综述了n-6/n-3 PUFA比例平衡的营养生理作用以及对畜禽产品品质的影响及如何改善畜禽产品中的n-6/n-3 PUFA比例.     

Fermentation quality and chemical composition of shrub silage treated with lactic acid bacteria inoculants and cellulase additives

Effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants and cellulase additives on fermentation quality and chemical compositions of shrub silages were studied by using a small‐scale fermentation system. Two LAB inoculants of Qingbao (Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilacticii, Lactobacillus casei and Clostridium phage) and Caihe (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis and Pediococcus acidilactici) and a commercial cellulase made from Trichoderma reesei were used as additives for intermediate pea‐shrub, rush bushclover, arborescent ceratoides and shrubby silage preparation. The crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and water‐soluble carbohydrate contents of the four shrub materials were 10.1–14.2, 62.6–67.2 and 1.9–3.5% on a dry matter basis, respectively. All shrub silages had pH 3.40–4.43, ammonia‐N 0.1–0.2% g/kg and lactic acid 1.3–2.9% on a fresh matter basis. The silage quality of LAB‐inoculated silages did not have a greater effect than control silages, except shrubby silage preparation. Silages treated with the cellulase, the pH of rush bushclover and shrubby sweetvetch silage were significantly (P < 0.05) lower and the lactic acid content were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the control silages. The results confirmed that shrub contained a relatively high content of crude protein; its silages can be preserved in good quality, and they are new potential resources for livestock feed.     

不同施肥方法在不同氮肥条件下应用比较

实验对叶龄诊断技术施肥法和常规施肥法的不同施肥量的产量进行比较试验,结果表明:叶龄诊断法施用氮肥比常规施肥法增产3.7%,叶龄诊断施肥方法能够较科学合理的根据水稻叶龄需肥量施肥,有效提高氮肥利用率,减少对环境污染。