基于TDC-GP1的波速法单板层积材分级系统设计

提出一种单板层积材力学强度分级系统的设计方案。该方案利用高精度数字时间转换芯片TDC-GP1测试超声波在单板层积材中的传播速度,从而评估单板层积材的力学强度并对其进行在线分级。试验表明,该系统工作稳定、抗干扰能力强,精度高,适合工业推广。     

覆土和灌水对串叶松香草越冬率与产草量的影响

对冬季休眠的串叶松香草进行了覆土和灌水保护处理研究,结果表明:覆土和灌水对提高串叶松香草越冬率和产草量十分有效,其中冬前灌冻水和春季返青前灌返青水可以使串叶松香草的返青期较对照提前6d;冬前根际覆土和灌越冬水可以使越冬率提高47%以上,根蘖芽数增加2.1个,单株鲜草产量和干草产草量分别增加0.54kg和0.138kg。     

Practical means for estimating pork carcass composition

Three hundred sixty-one market-weight barrow and gilt carcasses were physically dissected into bone, skin, fat and muscle. A three-variable multiple linear regression equation containing the same independent variables (warm carcass weight, 10th rib loin muscle area and 10th rib fat depth) used (U.S.) to determine pork carcass lean weight was found to be the most practical means for predicting weight of muscle standardized to 10% fat. Multiple linear regression equations containing more than three independent variables produced only slight improvements in R2 values; however, the standard deviation about the regression line was not greatly improved by the addition of more independent variables to this three-independent-variable regression model. A single multiple linear regression equation using the three independent variables above may not be adequate to describe variation over the entire live-weight range for all hogs marketed in the U.S. For most accurate muscle weight prediction, different equations should be used for weight subclasses with one equation for carcasses under 100 kg and another for those heavier than 100 kg. A single prediction equation for muscle weight was adequate for carcasses of both barrows and gilts.     

Pulmonary mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium intracellulare in a Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii)

The health of captive Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii) is currently of increased interest because wild populations are being decimated by the spread of devil facial tumour disease. This report describes the pathology of an aged captive Tasmanian devil that had a pulmonary mycobacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium intracellulare in addition to multiple neoplastic processes.     

An association between lifespan and variation in insulin-like growth factor I receptor in sheep

Longevity in livestock is a valuable trait. When productive animals live longer, fewer replacement animals need to be raised. However, selection for longevity is not commonly the focus of breeding programs as direct selection for long-lived breeding stock is virtually impossible until late in the reproductive life of the animal. Additionally the underlying genetic factors or genes associated with longevity are either not known, or not well understood. In humans, there is evidence that IGF 1 receptor (IGF1R) is involved in longevity. Polymorphism in the IGF1R gene has been associated with longevity in a number of species. Recently, 3 alleles of ovine IGF1R were identified, but no analysis of the effect of IGF1R variation on sheep longevity has been reported. In this study, associations between ovine IGF1R variation, longevity and fertility were investigated. Polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) was used to type IGF1R variation in 1,716 New Zealand sheep belonging to 6 breeds and 36 flocks. Ovine IGF1R C was associated with age when adjusting for flock (present 5.5 ± 0.2 yr, absent 5.0 ± 0.1 yr, P = 0.02). A general linear mixed effects model suggested an association (P = 0.06) between age and genotype, when correcting for flock. Pairwise comparison (least significant difference) of specific genotypes revealed the difference to be between AA (5.0 ± 0.1 yr) and AC (5.6 ± 0.2 yr, P = 0.02). A weak negative Pearson correlation between fertility and longevity traits was observed (r = -0.25, P < 0.01). The finding of an association between variation in IGF1R and lifespan in sheep may be useful in prolonging the lifespan of sheep.     

芦荟粉对不同性别肉仔鸡免疫机能及生产性能的影响

选用1日龄AA肉仔鸡共设雄性对照组(Ⅰ)、雄性芦荟粉组(Ⅱ)、雌性对照组(Ⅲ)和雌性芦荟粉组(Ⅳ)4个处理,Ⅰ、Ⅲ组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ、Ⅳ组均在基础日粮中添加600 mg.kg-1的芦荟粉。结果表明:雄性芦荟粉组比雄性对照组极显著降低了料肉比(P<0.01);21 d雄性芦荟粉组脾脏指数显著高于对照组(P<0.05);21 d雄性芦荟粉组新城疫血凝抑制效价显著高于对照组(P<0.05);42 d雄性芦荟粉组自然杀伤细胞杀伤活性极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。说明日粮中添加芦荟粉可以提高肉仔鸡生产性能和免疫机能,且对雄性肉仔鸡生产性能和免疫机能影响效果优于雌性。     

Dynamics of Follicular Fluid in One‐humped Camel (Camelus dromedarius)

In the present study, ovarian follicular fluid and serum biochemical, hormonal, electrolytes and amino acids profiles in female dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius), were investigated. Fluid from small (2–6 mm) and large follicles (7–20 mm) and blood samples were collected from 25 clinically healthy adult female camels. The concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, high‐density lipoproteins, urea, total proteins, albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and tri‐iodothyronine were lower (p ≤ 0.05) in large follicles when compared with the small follicles. However, the concentrations of low‐density lipoproteins, uric acid, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase in small and large follicles did not differ. The concentrations of oestradiol 17‐β and progesterone were higher (p ≤ 0.05) in large follicles. The serum concentrations of these hormones were many folds lower (p ≤ 0.05) than those of follicular fluid. Among electrolytes, the concentration of phosphorus was higher (p ≤ 0.05) in the large follicles, while that of potassium and chloride were lower (p ≤ 0.05) in the small follicles. Serum concentrations of sodium, chloride, calcium and phosphorous were higher (p ≤ 0.05), while that of potassium lower (p ≤ 0.05) than corresponding concentrations in the follicular fluid. The concentrations of leucine and arginine were higher (p ≤ 0.05) in follicular fluid when compared with serum concentrations, while the reverse was true for other amino acids. In conclusion, this study is indicative of either low or high concentrations of certain biochemical metabolites, hormones, electrolytes and amino acids in small and large follicles for the individual roles that they play in the growth and development of follicles in the one‐humped she‐camel.     

芽孢杆菌喷雾制剂对鸡舍环境微生物的影响

【目的】研究芽孢杆菌喷雾制剂对鸡舍环境微生物的影响,为肉鸡鸡舍环境改善提供技术支持。【方法】试验在4间环控舱中进行,以1日龄AA肉公鸡为试验动物,采用交叉设计,先后进行2期试验,每期试验为期42d,设每日喷洒2mL/m3芽孢杆菌喷雾剂处理组和喷洒2mL/m3无菌水的对照组。以环控舱为试验单位,每个舱为1个重复,第1期试验以舱1和舱2为试验组,舱3和舱4为对照组;第2期试验舱1和舱2为对照组,舱3和舱4为试验组。于肉鸡21和42日龄时,利用六级空气微生物采样器采集环控舱内空气样品,并采集肉鸡排泄物样品,分别测定舍内空气和排泄物的微生物含量。【结果】1)21和42日龄时,试验组舱内空气总需氧菌含量显著低于对照组,大肠杆菌含量极显著低于对照组;42日龄时,试验组舱内空气中金黄色葡萄球菌含量极显著低于对照组。2)21日龄时,排泄物总需氧菌和大肠杆菌含量极显著低于对照组;42日龄时,排泄物总需氧菌含量极显著低于对照组,大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌含量显著低于对照组。3)舍内空气总需氧菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌主要分布在1~4级(粒子直径7.0~2.1μm),5~6级(粒子直径2.1~0.65μm)分布较少。21日龄时,试验组舍内空气中采样器1~4级总需氧菌数量显著低于对照组,大肠杆菌数量极显著低于对照组。42日龄时,试验组舍内空气中采样器2~5级总需氧菌、大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌数量极显著低于对照组;1级总需氧菌数量显著低于对照组,大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌数量极显著低于对照组;6级总需氧菌和大肠杆菌数量显著低于对照组,金黄色葡萄球菌数量极显著低于对照组。【结论】舍内定期喷洒芽孢杆菌喷雾制剂,能够降低鸡舍环境中的总需氧菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌数量,改善鸡舍环境。     

不同改良措施对碱化土壤特性及玉米生长的影响

2018年在西辽河平原灌区碱化土壤实施玉米秸秆还田基础上配施中农绿康腐熟剂和人元秸秆腐熟剂、混沙和混糠醛渣试验,测定春玉米产量、玉米根系特性及土壤速效养分和酶活性,研究不同改良措施对碱化土壤特性及玉米生长的影响.结果 表明,与盐碱地常规掺混沙子处理比较,在玉米秸秆还田基础上,配施中农绿康和人元秸秆腐熟剂处理均能显著提高...