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81.
Salvatore Luciano Cosentino Mariadaniela MantineoGiorgio Testa 《Industrial Crops and Products》2012,36(1):329-342
In the framework of the E.U. project Fair CT 96-1913 “Environmental studies on sweet and fibre sorghum, sustainable crops for biomass and energy”, a research has been carried out with the aim to study the water and nitrogen balance and determine the critical N dilution curve of sweet sorghum cv. Keller. A field experiment was performed, where three irrigation treatments (I0 = dry control, I50 = 50% ETm restoration, I100 = 100% ETm restoration) and four nitrogen fertilization levels (N0 = no nitrogen control, N60 = 60 kg ha−1, N120 = 120 kg ha−1; N180 = 180 kg ha−1) were studied. The final yield was significantly affected by the amount of water distributed but not by the nitrogen level. The treatments watered up to crop establishment (I0) produced, in the average, 7.5 t ha−1 of dry matter, against 21.1 and 27.1 t ha−1 of I50 and I100, respectively. The crop determined a great reduction in nitrate concentration of soil water, irrespective of nitrogen supplied. The variation between N output and input (Δ) was negative in N0, N60 and N120 and positive in N180. The critical value of nitrogen uptake change in relation to the water availability. The amount of nitrogen supplied did not determine significant differences upon WUE. The crop seems to have a great potentiality in Mediterranean environment in terms of yield production. 相似文献
82.
Anna Fontana Diana E. Debreczeni Giuliana Albanese Salvatore Davino Ricardo Flores Luis Rubio 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,140(3):607-613
The evolution of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) from outbreaks occurred in Calabria, Italy, was compared with that of CTV outbreaks reported previously in another two proximal Italian regions, Sicily and Apulia. Examination of four genomic regions (genes p20, p25 and p23, and one fragment of open reading frame 1) showed two recombination events, and phylogenetic analysis disclosed two divergent CTV groups in Calabria: one formed by severe and the other by mild isolates. This analysis, together with others involving population genetic parameters, revealed a low migration rate of CTV between the three Italian regions, as well as significant differences in selective pressures, epidemiology and demography, all affecting the genetic structure of CTV populations. 相似文献
83.
QTLs for chlorophyll and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in barley under post-flowering drought 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
Peiguo Guo Michael Baum Rajeev K. Varshney Andreas Graner Stefania Grando Salvatore Ceccarelli 《Euphytica》2008,163(2):203-214
Drought is one of the major factors limiting barley yields in many developing countries worldwide. The identification of molecular
markers linked to genes controlling drought tolerance in barley is one way to improve breeding efficiency. In this study,
we analyzed the quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence in 194 recombinant
inbred lines (RILs) developed from the cross between the cultivar ‘Arta’ and Hordeum spontaneum 41-1. Five traits, chlorophyll content, and four chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, namely initial fluorescence (Fo), maximum fluorescence (Fm), variable fluorescence (Fv), and maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) which are related to the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus, were measured under well-watered and drought stress conditions
at post-flowering stage. QTL analysis identified a total of nine and five genomic regions, under well-watered and drought
stress conditions, respectively, that were significantly associated with the expression of the five target traits at post-flowering
stage. No common QTL was detected except one for chlorophyll content, which was identified in both growth conditions, demonstrating
that the genetic control of the expression of the traits related to photosynthesis differed under different water conditions.
A QTL for Fv/Fm, which is related to the drought tolerance of photosynthesis was identified on chromosome 2H at 116 cM in the linkage map
under drought stress. This QTL alone explained more than 15% of phenotypic variance of maximum quantum yield of PSII, and
was also associated with the expression of four other traits. In addition, another QTL for Fv/Fm was also located on the same chromosome (2H) but at 135.7 cM explaining around 9% of the phenotypic variance under drought
conditions. The result presented here suggest that two major loci, located on chromosome 2H, are involved in the development
of functional chloroplast at post-flowering stage for drought tolerance of photosynthesis in barley under drought stress.
If validated in other populations, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters could be used as selection criteria for drought tolerance. 相似文献
84.
This study provide information on the first occurrence in Italy of the Coleoptera Cerambycidae Chlorophorus annularis (Fabricius, 1787). It is a species naturally and widely distributed in Asia and in oriental tropical and subtropical areas. This cerambyx is a post-harvest pest of bamboo belonging to several genera as Bambusa, Dendrocalamus, Phyllostachys, Sinocalamus, but it can also infest cultivated plants as Citrus spp., Gossypium, Liquidambar spp., Saccharum officinarum L., Vitis spp., and Zea mays L. 相似文献
85.
Barbara Laddomada Miriana Durante Giacomo Mangini Leone D’Amico Marcello Salvatore Lenucci Rosanna Simeone Luciana Piarulli Giovanni Mita Antonio Blanco 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2017,64(3):587-597
Phenolic acid intake through the consumption of whole-wheat foods provides important health benefits associated with reduced risks of cardiovascular diseases and colon cancer. The genetic variation for phenolic acids was extensively studied in common wheat, but a comprehensive survey in tetraploid wheat is lacking. In this study we evaluated the genetic variability for individual and total phenolic acids concentration existing in a large collection of tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.). A 2-year evaluation was undertaken on the whole-meal flour of 111 genotypes belonging to seven T. turgidum subspecies including cultivars, landraces and wild accessions. Durum cultivars [T. turgidum subsp. durum (Desf.) MacKey], had the highest average concentration of total phenolic acids (828.7 μg g?1 dm in 2012; 834.5 μg g?1 dm in 2013) with amounts varying from 550.9 μg g?1 dm to 1701.2 μg g?1 dm, indicating a variation of greater than threefold fold. The lowest concentration of phenolic acids was found in T. turgidum subsp. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübler) Thell. Rivet wheat (T. turgidum L. subsp. turgidum) had phenolic acid concentrations similar to those in durum, but less variation was noted among the accessions. On the other hand, the accessions of the four remaining subspecies showed lower phenolic acid concentrations and variation among the accessions as compared to durum. A total of six phenolic acids were identified across the wheat genotypes. The effects of genotype, year and year × genotype were estimated by ANOVA and resulted significant for all phenolic acids. The ratio of genotypic variance to total variance suggested the possibility of improving phenolic acid content in elite wheat germplasm through appropriate breeding programs. Moreover, significant correlations between phenolic acids and other quality characteristics of the grain were detected. 相似文献
86.
连续五年生物垃圾堆肥施用后地中海蔬菜种植系统中土壤有机碳的变化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Biowaste compost can influence soil organic matter accumulation directly or indirectly. A 5-year experiment was conducted to assess the influence of biowaste compost on the process of soil aggregation and soil organic carbon(SOC) accumulation in a Mediterranean vegetable cropping system. The study involved four treatments: biowaste compost(COM), mineral NPK fertilizers(MIN), biowaste compost with half-dose N fertilizer(COMN), and unfertilized control(CK). The SOC stocks were increased in COM, COMN, and MIN by 20.2, 14.9, and 2.4 Mg ha~(-1)over CK, respectively. The SOC concentration was significantly related to mean weight diameter of aggregates(MWD)(P 0.05, R~2= 0.798 4) when CK was excluded from regression analysis. Compared to CK, COM and COMN increased the SOC amount in macroaggregates( 250 μm) by 2.7 and 0.6 g kg~(-1)soil, respectively, while MIN showed a loss of 0.4g kg~(-1)soil. The SOC amount in free microaggregates(53–250 μm) increased by 0.9, 1.6, and 1.0 g kg~(-1)soil for COM, COMN, and MIN, respectively, while those in the free silt plus clay aggregates( 53 μm) did not vary significantly. However, when separating SOC in particle-size fractions, we found that more stable organic carbon associated with mineral fraction 53 μm(MOM-C) increased significantly by 3.4, 2.2, and 0.7 g kg~(-1)soil for COM, COMN, and MIN, respectively, over CK, while SOC amount in fine particulate organic matter(POM) fraction(53–250 μm) increased only by 0.3 g kg~(-1)soil for both COM and COMN, with no difference in coarse POM 250 μm. Therefore, we consider that biowaste compost could be effective in improving soil structure and long-term C sequestration as more stable MOM-C. 相似文献
87.
Morphological and anatomical differences in Aleppo pine seeds from serotinous and non-serotinous cones 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
R. Salvatore D. Moya L. Pulido R. Lovreglio F. R. López-Serrano J. De las Heras V. Leone 《New Forests》2010,39(3):329-341
Mediterranean communities have been historically conditioned by fire and have therefore developed adaptive traits. Serotiny
is a strategy that increases fire resilience by storing seeds in the canopy, protecting them from heat and delaying their
dispersion. Aleppo pine is an important serotinous tree species in the low altitude, near-coastal Mediterranean Basin. Differences
in serotinous and non-serotinous cones have been detected previously but in order to resolve a gap in the knowledge on seed
adaptation to fire, we focused this study on two fire-prone habitats in southern Italy. Several cones were sampled and opened
in an oven at two different temperatures in order to group seeds according to provenance and cone type (serotinous or non-serotinous).
The sampled seeds were weighed and their coats were removed. Seed size, embryo diameter and nutritive tissue thickness were
recorded. We found that seeds with greater weight and size came from the more humid site and from non-serotinous cones. Also,
we observed wax and cutine cells formed a thicker seed coat in seeds from the more humid site using a scanning electron microscope.
The scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed higher Si and Ca concentrations in the covers
of serotinous seeds. Seeds from different provenance and cone types have anatomic and morphological differences that confer
different properties against heating. This knowledge can improve post-fire management and promote restoration tools. 相似文献
88.
Nicolas Desneux Eric Wajnberg Kris A. G. Wyckhuys Giovanni Burgio Salvatore Arpaia Consuelo A. Narváez-Vasquez Joel González-Cabrera Diana Catalán Ruescas Elisabeth Tabone Jacques Frandon Jeannine Pizzol Christine Poncet Tomás Cabello Alberto Urbaneja 《Journal of pest science》2010,83(3):197-215
The tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a devastating pest of tomato originating from South America. After its initial detection in eastern Spain in 2006, it rapidly invaded various other European countries and spread throughout the Mediterranean basin. If no control measures are taken, then the pest can cause up to 80–100% yield losses in tomato crops in recently invaded areas and may pose a threat to both greenhouse and open-field tomato production. The exceptional speed and extent of T. absoluta invasion have called for studies documenting its biology and ecology, while indicating an urgent need for efficient and sustainable management methods. The development of approaches to manage T. absoluta would be facilitated through a detailed revision of information on this pest in its area of origin. This review combines information on the invasion by T. absoluta, its ecology, and potential management strategies, including data that may help the implementation of efficient biological control programs. These programs, together with a variety of other management tactics, may allow efficient integrated pest management of T. absoluta in Europe and Mediterranean Basin countries. 相似文献
89.
90.
Spaccini R Baiano S Gigliotti G Piccolo A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(3):1017-1024
A sequential chemical fractionation was applied to a compost, with its dissolved organic matter (DOM) extracted in water and separated in hydrophilic (HiDOM) and hydrophobic (HoDOM) components and a water extract, following oxidation of compost suspension with an oxygen flux (TEA). The components sequentially isolated by mild extractions and hydrolyses as structurally unbound (SU), weakly bound (WB), and strongly bound (SB) to the matrix of the bulk compost and its water-soluble fractions were identified in their molecular structure. The bulk compost was rich with components derived from both aromatic (phenolic compounds) and aliphatic (long-chain fatty acids, hydroxy acids, diacids, and alcohols) structures of suberins, whereas components derived from cutins were especially extracted from TEA, HoDOM, and HiDOM. The TEA sample also yielded a significant amount of oxidized products that was dominated by dehydroabietic acids. The fractionation sequence highlighted the different intermolecular interactions that bound the isolated molecular components to the compost complex matrix. While a significant part of the bulk compost was still present as a solid residue at the end of the sequential fractionation, all water-soluble fractions were almost completely hydrolyzed. These results indicate that the water-soluble components of compost may be readily separated from the compost matrix and contribute to the environmental dynamics of natural organic matter. 相似文献