兔健宝对感染球虫病家兔血液学值的影响

本试验探讨了兔健宝对人工感染球虫病家兔的部分血液学值的影响。结果表明：红细胞及白细胞总数、嗜中性白细胞分别于感染后５～２０天、１０～２５天及５～３０天显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;而淋巴细胞百分率和Ｔ细胞阳转率于感染后５～３０天、１０～３０天显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;嗜酸性白细胞、嗜碱性白细胞和单核细胞无明显差异。由此提示：兔健宝具有减轻家兔感染球虫后的肠道出血,调节机体非特异性免疫应答反应和提高机体特异性免疫应答的活性。     

山西芦芽山自然保护区四声杜鹃的生态习性观察

2009～2011年5～8月,在山西芦芽山国家级自然保护区对四声杜鹃的生态习性进行了观察。结果表明,四声杜鹃在本区为夏候鸟,最早5月上旬迁来,最晚8月下旬迁走,居留期为99～111 d。迁来后,该鸟在本区主要在低山疏林地带和村庄附近活动,活动较为敏锐和隐蔽,常能听到叫声,但很少暴露在人前。四声杜鹃在本区的种群密度6、7月最大,每公里遇见数分别为1.17只和1.25只;在8月种群密度最小,每公里遇见数0.47只,种群密度平均为0.89只/km。该鸟为卵寄生性繁殖,自己不营巢,本区发现雌鸟把卵产在山噪鹛的繁殖窝里,让山噪鹛代其孵化和育雏,本窝寄生卵2枚,卵重3.3 g和3.5 g,卵大小为22×17 mm～23×18 mm。卵经山噪鹛义鸟孵化18 d后出壳,雏鸟仍由山噪鹛喂育14 d后离巢。四声杜鹃主要以昆虫为食,昆虫食物量占总食物量的95.5%,其中松毛虫所占比例最大,占昆虫食物重量的24.1%。该鸟为重要的农林益鸟,应予以保护。     

中国兽医生物安全实验室建设与管理

1 生物安全(biosafety) 　　1.1 生物安全的定义 　　生物安全就是“生命安全“.对于兽医工作者来说,就是防止动物病原体进入动物体内或存留在动物所在的地方,防止动物病原体的传播和扩散.它涉及多项措施,旨在防止动物病原体的感染、传播与流行,防止对人类造成危害.……     

利用16S rRNA全长序列鉴定植物乳杆菌

从标明含有嗜酸乳杆菌的活菌胶囊中分离到一株乳杆菌Lal菌株，利用16S rRNA全序列分析法和传统分类法对Lal菌株进行分类鉴定表明：Lal菌株属于植物乳杆菌种新株系，该菌株现在已经被中国科学院北京微生物所菌种保藏中心收录保存，编号为ASl．2986。     

The 16MΔvjbR as an ideal live attenuated vaccine candidate for differentiation between Brucella vaccination and infection

Brucellosis brings great economic burdens for developing countries. Live attenuated vaccines are the most efficient means for prevention and control of animal Brucellosis. However, the difficulties of differentiating of infection from vaccine immunization, which is essential for eradication programs, limit their applications. Therefore, the development of a vaccine that could differentiate infection from immunization will overcome the limitations and get extensive application. VjbR is a quorum sensing regulator involving in Brucella's intracellular survival. The vjbR∷Tn5 mutants have been proven effective against wild type strain challenge, implying its possibility of use in vaccine candidate development. To further evaluate this candidate gene, in the present study, the antigenicity of purified recombinant VjbR protein was analyzed. Antibodies to Brucella melitensis VjbR could be detected in sera from patients and animals with brucellosis but not in control ones, implying the potential use of this protein as a diagnostic antigen. Then a vjbR mutant of B. melitensis 16M was constructed by replacing the vjbR with kanamycin gene. The mutant showed reduced survival in macrophage and mice. Vaccination of BALB/c mice with 16MΔvjbR conferred significant protective immunity against B. melitensis strain 16M challenges, being equivalent to which induced by the license vaccine Rev.1. The vjbR deletion mutant elicited an anti-Brucella-specific immunoglobulin G response and induced the secretion of gamma interferon and interleukin-10. The most importance is that, the use of vjbR mutants as vaccines in association with diagnostic tests based on the VjbR antigen would allow the serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. These results suggest that 16MΔvjbR is an ideal live attenuated vaccine candidate against B. melitensis and deserves further evaluation for vaccine development.     

古巴非洲猪瘟根除的经验与借鉴

1971年非洲猪瘟首次传入古巴并于当年根除,1980年再次传入并在一年内又被根除。古巴能快速根除非洲猪瘟,主要与防控专业委员会的及时成立,协作机制的快速建立;全面扑杀措施的快速实施,健康猪产品的合理利用;民间团队的积极参与以及政府财政的大力支持密切相关。古巴的根除经验,可为我国非洲猪瘟的防控提供参考。     

基于LF-NMR及MRI 的2种速生材干燥过程中水分分布状态研究

为了解太阳能干燥过程中速生材内部水分状态及迁移规律,采用低场核磁共振及核磁共振成像检测桉、杨木干燥过程中水分分布、含量变化及迁移过程,借助扫描电镜在微观层面进行分析。结果表明：核磁共振信号强度与称重法所测含水率相关性系数高达0.99以上,因此低场核磁共振可准确测定木材中的水分含量;桉木和杨木饱水试样的核磁共振信号中均存在3种峰,桉木弛豫时间分别为1.32、32.75、403.70 ms,杨木为2.66、32.75、352.12 ms,对应着结合水及两种状态的自由水;随着干燥进行,不同状态水分的横向弛豫时间逐渐减小,木材对水分的束缚增加。当桉木含水率为27.28%,杨木含水率为35.71%左右时,水分散失转为以结合水为主。通过核磁共振成像中氢质子密度的不同可对水分含量进行区分,进而可观测干燥过程中木材内部水分移动状态。因此,通过低场核磁共振及核磁共振成像可研究速生材干燥过程中的内部水分状态及分布。     

Ameliorative Effects of Oyster Protein Hydrolysates on Cadmium-Induced Hepatic Injury in Mice

Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental toxicant that can cause severe hepatic injury. Oyster protein hydrolysates (OPs) have potential effects on preventing liver disease. In this study, thirty mice were randomly divided into five groups: the control, Cd, Cd + ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, 100 mg/kg), and low/high dose of OPs-treatment groups (100 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg). After continuous administration for 7 days, the ameliorative effect of OPs on Cd-induced acute hepatic injury in Cd-exposed mice was assessed. The results showed that OPs significantly improved the liver function profiles (serum ALT, AST, LDH, and ALP) in Cd-exposed mice. Histopathological analysis showed that OPs decreased apoptotic bodies, hemorrhage, lymphocyte accumulation, and inflammatory cell infiltration around central veins. OPs significantly retained the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px, and decreased the elevated hepatic MDA content in Cd-exposed mice. In addition, OPs exhibited a reductive effect on the inflammatory responses (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and inhibitory effects on the expression of inflammation-related proteins (MIP-2 and COX-2) and the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway. OPs suppressed the development of hepatocyte apoptosis (Bax, caspase-3, and Blc-2) and the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in Cd-exposed mice. In conclusion, OPs ameliorated the Cd-induced hepatic injury by inhibiting oxidative damage and inflammatory responses, as well as the development of hepatocyte apoptosis via regulating the ERK/NF-κB and PI3K/AKT-related signaling pathways.