The parasympatholytic effects of atropine sulfate and glycopyrrolate in rats and rabbits.

Nine groups of rats (n = 5 per group) received an intramuscular (IM) injection of one of the following drugs or drug combinations: saline, atropine (0.05 mg/kg), glycopyrrolate (0.5 mg/kg), ketamine:xylazine (85:15 mg/kg), ketamine:detomidine (60:10 mg/kg), atropine:ketamine:xylazine (0.05: 85:15 mg/kg), glycopyrrolate: ketamine:xylazine (0.5:85:15 mg/kg), atropine:ketamine:detomidine (0.05: 60:10 mg/kg) or glycopyrrolate: ketamine:detomidine (0.5:60:10). Similarly six groups of rabbits (n = 5) received an IM injection of either saline, atropine (0.2 mg/kg), atropine (2 mg/kg), glycopyrrolate (0.1 mg/kg), ketamine:xylazine (35:10 mg/kg) or glycopyrrolate:ketamine:xylazine (0.1:35:10 mg/kg). In rats, atropine sulfate (0.05 mg/kg) and glycopyrrolate (0.5 mg/kg) produced an increase in heart rate for 30 and 240 min, respectively. In rabbits atropine sulfate at either 0.2 or 2.0 mg/kg did not induce a significant increase in heart rate, but glycopyrrolate (0.1 mg/kg) elevated the heart rate above saline treated animals for over 50 min. Both atropine and glycopyrrolate provided protection against a decrease in heart rate in rats anesthetized with ketamine: xylazine (85:15 mg/kg) or ketamine: detomidine (60:10 mg/kg); however, glycopyrrolate was significantly more effective in maintaining the heart rate within the normal range. Glycopprrolate also prevented a decrease in heart rate in rabbits anesthetized with ketamine:xylazine (35:5 mg/kg). Neither glycopyrrolate nor atropine influenced respiration rate, core body temperature or systolic blood pressure when used alone or when combined with the injectable anesthetic. Glycopyrrolate is an effective anticholinergic agent in rabbits and rodents and more useful as a preanesthetic agent than atropine sulfate in these animals.     

大力推广方格蔟,提高蚕茧质量

本文在总结湖州雠主格蔟成绩的基础上,针对当前在方格蔟推广上存在的问题,提出了大力推广方格蔟,提高茧质的建议。     

天祝县牧区开发示范工程项目草地围栏建设及其综合效益

天祝县牧区开地示范工程项目１９９５年由农业部和国家计委审批立项,１９９６年全面启动建设,该项目以良种繁育,疫病防治,草地建设,技术服务四大体系为主体建设内容,并于１９９８年８月通过验收,围栏是草地建设体系的主要建设内容,在突出生产性,公益性,基础性建设原则的基础上,自１９９６年以来累计建成４０００ｈｍ＾２建成后,经综合改良,使草地植被得以迅速恢复,平均增产鲜草１６５３ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,年创经济效益３     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的分离鉴定

鸡传染性支气管炎是鸡的一种急性、高度接触性传染病,是严重危害中国养禽业的疫病之一。本研究通过临床表现、解剖症状、病毒干扰试验、鸡胚的特征性矮小病变、动物回归试验和RT-PCR试验等方法确认分离到的病毒是鸡传染性支气管炎病毒。     

全混合日粮营养水平对肉牛育肥效果的影响

采用完全随机单位组设计方法,设计并开展试验,评价TMR营养水平对肉牛增重效果、产肉性能和经济效益的影响,结果表明:提高TMR营养水平可以提高肉牛日增重8.79%、采食速度、降低采食量0.65%;可以改善屠宰性能,提高肉牛屠宰率0.47%、净肉率1.28%、胴体产肉率1.46%及优质切块肉的比重;可以提高饲料报酬;两种经济效益分别提高159.53元、385.79元。综合以上结果得出,提高TMR营养水平可以提高肉牛增重效果、产肉性能及经济效益。     

植物提取物饲料添加剂对黄羽肉鸡生产性能的影响研究

饲用抗生素促生长剂所带来的残留以及抗药性问题,给养殖业带来巨大损失。许多营养师或配方师由于抗药性问题而不得不超倍使用和使用多种抗生素,但结果往往使抗药性问题更加严重。本试验旨在研究专利的植物提取物饲料添加剂在实际生产条件下对黄羽肉鸡生产性能和成活率的影响,以便为正确使用该专利的植物提取物饲料添加剂提供参考。本试验结果表明,在实际养殖条件下使用专利植物提取物饲料添加剂可以显著提高黄羽肉鸡日增重(17.6%),改善饲料报酬(14.8%),从而提高经济效益。同时,可以降低40%的死亡率。其作用机制可能是专利植物提取物饲料添加剂对致病性的大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、巴氏杆菌、葡萄球菌、链球菌等均能有效抑制或杀灭。研究认为,专利植物提取物饲料添加剂可以保障动物肠道健康和预防下痢,更重要的是对一些耐药菌株也有很好的杀灭作用。此外,专利植物提取物饲料添加剂对病原菌和肠道微生物的选择性抑制,也会给肠道微生物平衡带来可能。     

Characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection in swine lymphocytes using mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy PCV2-carrier pigs

Information regarding the susceptibility of swine lymphocytes to PCV2 is rather limited. To further explore and characterize the PCV2 infection in swine lymphocytes, an in vitro model using concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) obtained from clinically healthy PCV2-carrier pigs was introduced. It was found that the PCV2 antigen-containing rate was below 2% in PBLs from healthy PCV2-free pigs following treated simultaneously with Con A and PCV2. However, significantly higher PCV2 antigen- and nucleic acid-containing rates could be seen in Con A-stimulated PBLs from clinically healthy PCV2-carrier pigs. Prior to Con A treatment, both of the PCV2 antigen- and nucleic acid-containing rates in PBLs from healthy PCV2-carrier pigs were less than 1%; however, they reached 22.1+/-5.7% by flow cytometry and 27.1+/-6.5% by in situ hybridization, respectively, at 4-day post-incubation with Con A. Phenotyping of PCV2 antigen-containing cells revealed that PCV2-positive cells could be detected in both T and B lymphocyte populations within which IgM-positive B lymphocytes appeared to have a relatively higher positive rate. The Con A-stimulated PBLs also displayed a significantly higher viral load by the measurement of either PCV2 DNA copy number or viral titer when compared with the non-treated PBLs from healthy PCV2-carrier pigs. The results indicate that PBLs, especially IgM-bearing B lymphocytes, are indeed susceptible to PCV2 infection and PCV2 is capable of replicating in dividing lymphocytes. This activation-induced replication may explain in part the pathogenesis of lymphoid depletion in PMWS-affected pigs.     

动物园发展过程中的六个重要工作环节

作为全球自然保护体系重要组成部分的世界动物园系统,已成为野生动物移地保护的生力军,在濒危物种保存上发挥着越来越突出和重要的作用,是不可或缺的.但随着二十一世纪社会发展进程的不断加速,公众对生态及环境保护意识的不断增强,动物园能否顺应潮流,能否跟上时代的步伐,能否肩负起历史的重任,确实值得我们去认真地加以思考.毋庸置疑,动物园也必须随社会的发展而发展,紧紧围绕保护、教育的工作重心,认真履行其职责,励精图治,才能适应新时期的需要,与时俱进.在动物园发展过程中,我们认为只要把握住动物设施建设、动物场馆丰容、动物资源配置、动物种群管理、动物行为训练和公众保护教育等6个关键管理工作环节,并使其工作具有科学性和创造性,就不会丧失机遇,就能做到可持续发展.     

有机铬在断奶仔猪生产中应用的研究进展

铬是动物机体必需的微量元素之一,近年来,国内外营养学家展开了大量的研究,尤其在断奶仔猪饲养方面,应用效果较好。作者对有机铬在动物体内吸收、运输及排泄的特点,以及参与糖、脂类及含氮物质代谢的生物学功能进行了介绍;并就其对断奶仔猪生长性能、抗腹泻和免疫功能等方面的影响,以及在断奶仔猪养殖中的应用前景作一综述。