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41.
A. Schots J. De Boer A. Schouten J. Roosien J. F. Zil Verentant H. Pomp L. Bouwman-Smits H. Overmars F. J. Gommers B. Visser W. J. Stiekema J. Bakker 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(2):183-191
Engineering resistance against various diseases and pests is hampered by the lack of suitable genes. To overcome this problem we started a research program aimed at obtaining resistance by transfecting plants with genes encoding monoclonal antibodies against pathogen specific proteins. The idea is that monoclonal antibodies will inhibit the biological activity of molecules that are essential for the pathogenesis. Potato cyst nematodes are chosen as a model and it is thought that monoclonal antibodies are able to block the function of the saliva proteins of this parasite. These proteins are, among others, responsible for the induction of multinucleate transfer cells upon which the nematode feeds. It is well documented that the ability of antibodies to bind molecules is sufficient to inactivate the function of an antigen and in view of the potential of animals to synthesize antibodies to almost any molecular structure, this strategy should be feasible for a wide range of diseases and pests.Antibodies have several desirable features with regard to protein engineering. The antibody (IgG) is a Y-shaped molecule, in which the domains forming the tips of the arms bind to antigen and those forming the stem are responsible for triggering effector functions (Fc fragments) that eliminate the antigen from the animal. Domains carrying the antigen-binding loops (Fv and Fab fragments) can be used separately from the Fc fragments without loss of affinity. The antigen-binding domains can also be endowed with new properties by fusing them to toxins or enzymes. Antibody engineering is also facilitated by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A systematic comparison of the nucleotide sequence of more than 100 antibodies revealed that not only the 3′-ends, but also the 5′-ends of the antibody genes are relatively conserved. We were able to design a small set of primers with restriction sites for forced cloning, which allowed the amplification of genes encoding antibodies specific for the saliva proteins ofGlobodera rostochiensis. Complete heavy and light chain genes as well as single chain Fv fragments (scFv), in which the variable parts of the light (VL) and heavy chain (VH) are linked by a peptide, will be transferred to potato plants. A major challenge will be to establish a correct expression of the antibody genes with regard to three dimensional folding, assembly and intracellular location. 相似文献
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Trauma is the No.1 cause of death in persons under the age of 45 and the No.3 cause of all deaths. Many trauma patients die of multiple organ failure (MOF), induced by systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). This paper reviews the relations of traumatic shock with systemic inflammation. 相似文献
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Shohei MATSUURA Shigeru HOSHINO Hideaki HAYASHI Tetsuyuki KOHGUCHI Kyoji HAGIWARA Toshihiro OMURA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2002,68(1):99-102
DAS-ELISA proved to be reliable enough to detect a latent infection by Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in asymptomatic stock plants of chrysanthemum. A high density of Frankliniella occidentalis, the predominant vector, in the presence of latently infected stock plants resulted in a high incidence of disease in the chrysanthemum
production field. The incidence of disease was low when the vector thrips were not abundant in spite of the presence of latently
infected stock plants. These results suggest that an infestation of the vector thrips causes severe secondary spread of TSWV
originating from latently infected stock plants in chrysanthemum production fields.
Received 27 July 2001/ Accepted in revised form 27 November 2001 相似文献
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新疆棉区转Bt基因棉对棉田主要害虫及其天敌种群数量的影响 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
20 0 0~ 2 0 0 1年 ,在新疆棉区系统地研究了转Bt基因棉田主要害虫及其天敌的发生规律。结果表明 :转Bt基因棉对棉铃虫有良好的控制作用 ,发生高峰期百株落卵量和百株幼虫数量都显著低于常规对照 ,转Bt自控田和转Bt化防田棉蚜和棉盲蝽发生数量则显著高于常规棉对照田。在天敌方面 ,转Bt自控田和转Bt化防田较常规棉对照田 ,丽草蛉种群数量有所增加 ,而小花蝽和黑食蚜盲蝽等 5种捕食性和几种寄生性天敌数量都有所下降。转Bt基因棉田棉蚜和棉盲蝽等刺吸性害虫发生数量加重而多种天敌数量减少的趋势值得引起重视。鉴于新疆地区棉铃虫发生数量较低目前无需专门防治的特点 ,作者建议 :可以考虑推广农艺性状较好的常规棉品种并保护天敌 ,以达到控制害虫、丰产丰收的目的。 相似文献
46.
苹果紧凑型品种和矮化砧木内源激素的变化 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
以不同矮化程度的苹果品种、砧木和嫁接植株为试材, 研究了春梢旺长期茎尖和春梢停长期叶片的内源激素变化。结果表明, 与普通型品种相比, 紧凑型品种茎尖和叶片中的赤霉素(GA1+3) 含量显著降低而细胞分裂素(CTKs) 含量显著升高, 紧凑型品种的CTKs/ GA1+3约是普通型品种的4. 78~6. 24 倍。不同矮化程度的砧木间相比, 春梢停长期叶片中, M9 的IAA 含量比平邑甜茶降低了53. 7 %。以M26作中间砧, 显著降低了接穗叶片和基砧新根中的IAA 含量; 但以新红星作中间砧则影响较小。将M26中间砧与紧凑型品种组合, 与乔砧普通型植株相比, 春梢停长期叶片和新根中IAA 含量分别下降了46. 1 %和33. 3 %,CTKs/ GA1+3是其2. 8~3. 6 倍, 其变化幅度大于单一应用矮化砧、紧凑型品种的植株。因此, 紧凑型、矮化砧具有不同的激素调节机制, GA、CTK在紧凑型品种矮化中起重要作用, 而矮砧的矮化可能与IAA 密切相关。 相似文献
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