油菜菌核病生防芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及其脂肽化合物分析

采用平板拮抗筛选,分别从西藏日喀则地区和拉萨地区杂草根围土壤中筛选到2个对油菜菌核病菌有显著拮抗活性的芽孢杆菌菌株RJGP16和YBWC43。通过生理生化鉴定、16S rDNA序列分析和BOX-PCR指纹图谱分析,鉴定菌株RJGP16为萎缩芽孢杆菌Bacillus atrophaeus, 菌株YBWC43为解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens。离体叶片试验结果显示,菌株RJGP16和YBWC43对油菜菌核病菌防治效果分别为50.24%和100.00%。脂肽化合物种类分析显示,菌株RJGP16产生脂肽化合物表面活性素和芬枯草菌素,菌株YBWC43产生杆菌霉素D和芬枯草菌素。表明菌株RJGP16和YBWC43对油菜菌核病的防治效果与其产生的脂肽化合物有关。     

氟噻草胺生物活性及对玉米和大豆安全性室内测定

正氟噻草胺是德国拜耳公司开发的一个氧乙酰替苯胺类土壤处理除草剂,可被植株根系及新生叶片吸收并经木质部传导于植株,通过抑制细胞分裂防除杂草,多用于小麦、玉米、大豆、水稻田防除多种一年生杂草(姜育田等,2007)。目前,该药单剂除草活性、杀草谱及对玉米和大豆等作物的安全性尚未见报道。本试验系统研究其对夏季玉米、大豆田常见杂草的生物活性及对玉米和大豆的安全性,掌握其     

Modeling waterbird diversity in irrigation ponds of Taoyuan, Taiwan using an artificial neural network approach

The study develops an approach adopted by artificial neural networks (ANN) to model the relationship between pondscape and waterbird diversity. Study areas with thousands of irrigation ponds are unique geographic features from the original functions of irrigation converted to waterbird refuges. The model considers pond shape and size, neighboring farmlands, and constructed areas in calculating parameters pertaining to the interactive influences on avian diversity, among them the Shannon–Wiener diversity index. Results indicate that irrigation ponds adjacent to farmland benefited waterbird diversity. On the other hand, urban development leads to the reduction of pond numbers, which reduces waterbird diversity. By running the ANN model, the resulting index shows a good-fit prediction of bird diversity against pond size, shape, neighboring farmlands, and neighboring developed areas with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.72, in contrast to the results from a linear regression model (r < 0.28).     

4种实蝇线粒体DNA全序列测定

橘小实蝇(Bactrocera dorsalis)、木瓜实蝇(Bactrocera papayae)、杨桃实蝇(Bactrocera carambolae)和菲律宾实蝇(Bactrocera philippinensis)的成虫和幼虫的形态特征十分相近,难以区分.本文对4种实蝇的线粒体DNA全序列进行测定,序列在GenBank上登录(登录号分别为:DQ917577,DQ917578,EF014414,DQ995281),并对4个种的线粒体DNA全序列进行序列分析,为建立基于线粒体DNA序列分析的快速鉴定方法提供基础.     

青枯病原细菌无毒菌株诱导番茄防御酶系及粗提液抑菌活性的影响

 用紫外诱变法获得的青枯无毒菌株诱导番茄,研究了诱导番茄细胞内防御酶系及组织粗提液抑菌活性的影响。结果表明:番茄经无毒菌株处理后,体内与抗病反应相关的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等防御酶系活性均显著增加。无毒菌株可诱导产生植株体外和体内对致病菌有抑制作用的抑菌物质。表明青枯无毒菌株产生诱导抗性的机制可能是激活了植物本身的抗病代谢过程。     

Forest biomass and root–shoot allocation in northeast China

Temperate and boreal forests act as major sinks for atmospheric CO₂. To assess the magnitude and distribution of the sinks more precisely, an accurate estimation of forest biomass is required. However, the determinants of large-scale biomass pattern (especially root biomass) are still poorly understood for these forests in China. In this study, we used 515 field measurements of biomass across the northeast part of China, to examine factors affecting large-scale biomass pattern and root–shoot biomass allocation. Our results showed that, Picea & Abies forest and coniferous & broadleaf mixed forest had the highest mean biomass (178–202 Mg/ha), while Pinus sylvestris forest the lowest (78 Mg/ha). The root:shoot (R/S) biomass ratio ranged between 0.09 and 0.67 in northeast China, with an average of 0.27. Forest origin (primary/secondary/planted forest) explained 31–37% of variation in biomass (total, shoot and root), while climate explained only 8–15%, reflecting the strong effect of disturbance on forest biomass. Compared with shoot biomass, root biomass was less limited by precipitation as a result of biomass allocation change. R/S ratio was negatively related to water availability, shoot biomass, stand age, height and volume, suggesting significant effects of climate and ontogeny on biomass allocation. Root–shoot biomass relationships also differed significantly between natural and planted forests, and between broadleaf and coniferous forests. Shoot biomass, climate and forest origin were the most important predictors for root biomass, and together explained 83% of the variation. This model provided a better way for estimating root biomass than the R/S ratio method, which predicted root biomass with a R² of 0.71.     

中年ICR小鼠和昆明小鼠种属型行为改变及其性别差异

探讨中年ICR小鼠和昆明小鼠种属行为的改变及其性别差异。结果表明,两品系中年小鼠的储藏行为没有改变。ICR小鼠的挖掘行为下降,且主要归因于雌鼠。两品系中年小鼠的作窝能力下降;ICR小鼠主要归因于雌性,昆明小鼠雌雄性均下降。这些结果提示在ICR和昆明小鼠,作窝能力的下降出现较早,可较好地反映衰老效应。挖掘和储藏行为对衰老效应的判定意义不大。     

不同肥料配比对旱地胡麻产量及品质的影响

大田旱作条件下,研究了氮磷配肥对胡麻产量、品质和农艺性状的影响。结果表明,氮磷配施均能增加胡麻产量,当氮肥用量一定(N 30~60 kg·hm-2)时,增施磷肥(P2O522.5~90 kg·hm-2)能使胡麻籽粒产量较对照增加50.00%~84.23%;当磷肥用量一定(P2O530~120 kg·hm-2)时,增施氮肥同样促进胡麻产量,但低磷高氮肥和高磷高氮肥反而不利于胡麻产量的增加;氮肥效果比磷肥明显,其中以N2P3处理(N 60 kg·hm-2,P2O567.5 kg·hm-2)产量最大,达到1 719.44 kg·hm-2。增施氮肥能够增加胡麻的株高、工艺长度、千粒重、分茎数、主茎分枝数和单株有效果枝数,高磷肥反而不利于胡麻农艺性状的改善。氮磷配施使胡麻棕榈酸含量较对照增加0~5.62%,油酸的含量较对照增加0~4.06%,施用氮肥可增加胡麻的亚油酸和亚麻酸含量,而高磷肥反而降低了亚油酸和亚麻酸含量。     

钾、氮营养对莲藕膨大过程中产量和品质的影响

为了探明钾、氮营养对莲藕膨大过程中产量和品质的影响,采用盆栽试验,设置2个钾处理(不施钾和适量钾)和3个氮处理(不施氮、适量氮和2倍适量氮),分别于子藕移栽后76 d、97 d、118 d、139 d、160 d和190 d收获莲藕膨大茎,记录其鲜、干重,分析还原糖、可溶性总糖、淀粉和粗蛋白质含量。结果表明:当钾、氮营养不足时,莲藕茎膨大形成的时间提前。在莲藕膨大茎形成早、中期,适量钾处理的产量低于不施钾处理;在莲藕膨大茎形成早期,适量氮处理的产量低于不施氮处理;在莲藕膨大茎成熟后,适量钾处理的莲藕产量比不施钾处理高出20%以上,适量氮处理的产量比不施氮处理高出2.3倍以上。施氮过量时,莲藕膨大形成的时间推迟,且适量氮处理的莲藕最终产量比2倍适量氮处理高出1.2倍以上。适量的钾、氮营养可以提高莲藕膨大前、中期还原糖和可溶性总糖含量以及膨大中、后期淀粉含量,表明适量的钾、氮营养能明显改善莲藕品质。