生姜套种大蒜技术推广应用

生姜是塔山镇主要经济作物 ,采用姜蒜套种栽培形式 ,提高了土地利用率 ,增加了经济效益 ,具有广泛的发展前景。1　大蒜栽培管理1 .1　整地施肥选择水源条件好、排灌方便的平肥地。 3月下旬至 4月初结合整地施腐熟优质农肥 70 0 0～750 0ｋｇ/667ｍ2 。1 .2　作垅整地施肥后作垅 ,行距 55ｃｍ。1 .3　播种4月 5日至 1 0日播种 ,株距 7～ 8ｃｍ ,双行栽培 ,小行距 1 5ｃｍ左右 ,保苗 350 0 0～ 40 0 0 0株 /667ｍ2 。1 .4　防虫大蒜主要虫害是地蛆 ,用地蛆净 1 0 0 0倍液或用 80 %敌百虫 80 0倍液进行灌根。1 .5　追肥4叶期结合灌水追施尿素 5…     

"Green" composites from renewable resources: preparation of epoxidized soybean oil and flax fiber composites

In recent years there has been considerable interest in using natural plant fibers as reinforcements for plastics. The motivation includes cost, performance enhancement, weight reduction, and environment concerns. High performance flax fiber could potentially substitute for glass or carbon fibers as reinforcements for plastics. This study reports the "green" composites obtained from a mixture of epoxidized soybean oil and epoxy resin, 1,1,1-tris(p-hydroxyphenyl)ethane triglycidyl ether (THPE-GE), reinforced with flax fiber. The compression molding method is used for making the composites. Curing agents triethylenetetramine and diethylenetriamine provide better physical properties of the composites than Jeffamine agents D-230 and EDR-148. Both the flexural modulus and the tensile modulus of the composites increase as the amount of THPE-GE increases. The flexural modulus increased at a fiber content of <10 wt %, but there is a decrease beyond 10 wt %. The tensile modulus increases with fiber content until a maximum at 13.5 wt %, and then it decreases. The flax fiber length affected the mechanical properties of the composites: the longer the fiber length, the better are the mechanical properties observed.     

非编码RNA及其在畜禽中的应用研究进展

在真核生物基因组转录过程中,除了一些蛋白质编码RNA以外,还有一些不同类型的非编码RNA（non-coding RNA,ncRNA）也参与了复杂生命活动过程的调节。近年来,全转录组测序技术的出现和生物信息学的快速发展极大地促进了人们对ncRNA的研究,ncRNA在生物领域的多个方面具有重要作用,如在人类肿瘤、非肿瘤等方面的疾病治疗,在动物胚胎发育、肌肉生长、脂肪沉积、免疫应答及皮肤毛囊调控等领域都有了很大的进展。作者主要综述了全转录组测序技术、ncRNA分类、主要作用机制和ncRNA在畜禽中的应用,为探究ncRNA在动物中的调控机制提供理论依据。     

One-pot synthesis of chemically modified vegetable oils

Vegetable oils are promising candidates as substitutes for petroleum base oils in lubricant applications, such as total loss lubrication, military applications, and outdoor activities. Although vegetable oils have some advantages, they also have poor oxidation and low temperature stability. One of the ways to address these issues is chemical modification of fatty acid chain of triglyceride. We report a one-pot synthesis of a novel class of chemically modified vegetable oils from epoxidized triacylglycerols and various anhydrides. In an anhydrous solvent, boron trifluoride etherate is used as catalyst to simultaneously open the oxirane ring and activate the anhydride. The reaction was monitored and products confirmed by NMR, FTIR, GPC, and TGA analysis. Experimental conditions were optimized for research quantity and laboratory scale-up (up to 4 lbs). The resultant acyl derivatives of vegetable oil, having diester substitution at the sites of unsaturation, have potential in formulation of industrial fluids such as hydraulic fluids, lubricants, and metal working fluids.     

Modern Technology for Aerial Application of Agrochemicals1

Most pesticides and fertilizers are applied by aerial techniques in the agricultural farms of Hungary. The importance of the work done by plane or helicopter is characterized by the following data: in regions having many planes more than 50% of the plant protection activity is carried out by aerial application. Another characteristic feature of Hungarian agricultural aviation is the fact that almost 35% of the total spraying involves the application of herbicides, defoliants and desiccants. Large-scale use of formulations dangerous for the environment has made it necessary to take some important measures, such as directed spraying, regulation of drop sizes etc. With the development of these methods and the transformation of spraying equipment it became possible to carry out spraying under optimal biological conditions. Nowadays aircraft are used in at least one production process for crops such as cereals, rice, maize, sunflower, sugar beet, potato and vegetables and vines (chemical weed control, spraying for the control of fungi or insects, desiccation). Finally it should be mentioned that all equipment is mounted with the membrane-lock nozzles developed by the Aviation Service of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food to meet the requirements of modern technology. A very promising part of this activity is the development of rotating nozzles for helicopters (electrically driven) and for planes (wind driven).     

Note: Evaluating insecticides for the control of overwintered adults ofEurygaster integriceps under field conditions in Turkey

The Sunn pestEurygaster integriceps Puton is the most harmful pest of cereals in Turkey and the surrounding countries. Chemical control has been employed against the nymph stages of the pest. The efficacy of six products [acetamiprid (SL, soluble concentrate), chlorpyrifosethyl (EC, emulsifiable concentrate), lambda-cyhalothrin (CS, capsule suspension), monocrotophos (SC, suspension concentrate), thiacloprid (SC) and zeta-cypermethrin (EC)] was tested on overwintered adults ofE. integriceps, with applications to wheat at the shooting stage. In a study conducted at Siverek, Şanlıurfa in the southeastern Anatolia Region, the most effective insecticide was found to be lambda-cyhalothrin. It gave very promising results in controlling the pest and reduced subsequent egg laying and the appearance of nymphs in the trial area. The results showed that chemical control of overwintered adults of the Sunn pest in early spring is possible with lambda-cyhalothrin. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Sept. 18, 2006.     

Determination of cardiac troponin I in the blood and heart of calves with foot-and-mouth disease

The current study was designed to determine the changes of the cardiac troponin I (cTnI) expression in blood and tissue during the myocardial degeneration in calves with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Seventeen crossbred calves presenting pathological signs for FMD confirmed by viral analysis were studied. A biochemistry panel and immunohistochemistry were performed on 17 diseased calves and 7 calves used as controls. Creatine kinase (CK), CK-myocardial band (CK-MB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were analyzed for both groups. Cardiac troponin I levels were measured by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Mean cTnI (14.8 +/- 1.9 ng/ml) concentration and CK (573 +/- 407 U/l), CK-MB (238 +/- 37 U/l), AST (84 +/- 7), and LDH (298 +/- 29 U/l) activities were higher in FMD cases compared with controls. Immunohistochemistry revealed loss or depletion of cTnI expression in myocardium of all cases. None of the 7 controls showed loss of cTnI expression. Increased serum cTnI concentration correlated with myocardial injury and loss of cTnI immunolabeling in cardiomyocytes of calves with FMD.     

Using Artificial Neural Network and Multiple Linear Regression for Predicting the Chlorophyll Concentration Index of Saint John’s Wort Leaves

This research investigates and compares artificial neural network and multiple linear regression for predicting the chlorophyll concentration index of Saint John’s wort leaves (Hypericum perforatum L.). Plants were fertilized with 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg ha^?1 nitrogen [34% nitrogen ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃)]. Chlorophyll concentration index of each leaf was measured using SPAD meter. Afterwards, rgb (red, green, and blue color) values of all leaf images were determined by image processing. Values obtained were modeled using both multiple regression analysis and artificial neural networks. Using multiple regression analysis R² values were between 0.61 and 0.97. Coefficient of determination values (R²) using artificial neutral network values were found to be 0.99. Artificial neutral network modeling successfully described the relationship between actual chlorophyll concentration index values and predicted chlorophyll concentration index values.