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51.
Segura-Correa JC Ek-Mex EJ Alzina-López A Magaña-Monforte JG Sarmiento-Franco L Santos-Ricalde RH 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(6):1191-1194
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of some factors on the length of productive life (LPL), the number
of parities (NP), and the culling interval (CI) of sows. The information from 2003 to 2009 of 3,746 sows with LPL and NP records
and 5,819 sows with CI records from the four farms of Yucatan, Mexico was used. LPL was defined as the number of days between
the first farrowing and culling or death and CI as the number of days between the last farrowing and culling. To determine
the effects of farm, litter size at first farrowing (LSF1) and age at first farrowing (AF1) on LPL and NP, and of farm, LSF1
and culling reason on CI general linear models were used. Means and standard errors for LPL, NP, and CI were 496.4 ± 8.42 days,
3.35 ± 0.04 parities, and 48.3 ± 0.52 days, respectively. All factors had significant effects (P < 0.05) on LPL, NP, and CI. The sows from farm 2 stayed longer (806.0 days) and had more parities (5.25) than the sows from
the other farms. Sows with the smallest litters (≤8 piglets) at first farrowing stayed the least time in the farm (675.1 days)
and had the fewest parities (4.49). Gilts farrowing the first time before 331 days of age stayed longer time in the farm (726.4 days)
and had more parities (4.81) in comparison with 331–348 and more than 348 days age groups. With respect to CI, the sows in
farm 3 stayed the longest time in the farm. Sows with more than five parities were culled sooner after their last farrowing.
In conclusion, differences between farms for LPL, PN, and CI were found. Females that farrowed at a short age and those with
large litters stayed longer in the herd. Old sows and those culled for reproductive reasons stayed the least time in the herd
after their last farrowing. 相似文献
52.
Raúl López-Aguilar Andrés Orduño-Cruz Armando Lucero-Arce Bernardo Murillo-Amador Enrique Troyo-Diéguez 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):329-336
Abstract The material balance of all the chemical species associated with the phosphate sorption reaction by two amorphous clays, silica-alumina gel and synthetic goethite was investigated adjusting the initial pH to 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, and 7.0. Phosphate sorption was found to decrease with increasing initial pH. During phosphate sorption, the equilibrium pH rose, adsorption of Cl- decreased to a state of negative adsorption, adsorption of Na+ increased markedly, silicate was released, and Al in the solution was precipitated. With increasing initial pH, the amount of apparent released OH- increased, the amount of Na+ adsorption increased, and the amount of released silicate decreased. The overall relationship of the material balance is explained in terms of the charge balance associated with phosphate sorption. 相似文献
53.
Enrique Acevedo Luis Velázquez-Coronado Ricardo Bressani 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1994,46(2):139-145
This paper presents the effect that the traditional cooking process of black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, Tamazulapa variety) has on the quantity and composition of soluble (SDF) and insoluble (IDF) dietary fiber of beans, as well as on its protein digestibility and protein quality. There was an increase of IDF from 18.1% in cooked beans to 22.4% in fried beans, and a decrease in SDF from 8.4% to 6.6%, respectively. Starch content decreased from 34.5% to 31.3%. No change was found in lignin. The xylose content was higher in IDF than in SDF and decreased to some extent from cooked to fried beans. Arabinose content was similar in IDF and SDF with no change caused by processing. The fraction containing glucose, mannose and galactose in IDF was higher than in SDF, the content increasing in IDF and decreasing in SDF, with processing. Protein content in IDF was higher than in SDF, with no major change when processing. About 29.5% of the total protein of beans was bound in DF. Protein digestibility and protein quality decreased from cooked to fried beans and was positively related to IDF. 相似文献
54.
Enrique Ritter Leire Barandalla Raquel López José Ignacio Ruiz de Galarreta 《Potato Research》2008,51(3-4):301-311
Native potato species (NPS) are cultivated potatoes which do not belong to S. tuberosum ssp. tuberosum. They are maintained by the farmers of the Andes for subsistence under harsh environmental conditions where other potatoes cannot compete. Within the huge phenotypic variability between and within these species certain accessions possess resistances to different pests and diseases, remarkable culinary and processing quality and favourable nutritional properties. We present first evaluation results of a set of NPS for these characters and discuss prospects for exploiting this valuable germplasm for breeding and for developing novel products for niche markets. 相似文献
55.
Norway leads the world aquaculture production of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and farmed Norwegian Atlantic salmon is currently consumed around the globe. However, sea lice infestation is a major problem faced by the salmon aquaculture industry in Norway and elsewhere. The use of wild-caught cleaner fish, mainly wrasses, has been recommended over the other available methods as the most economical and environmentally friendly option to control sea lice infestation in salmon farming. Here, we review the development of the Norwegian wrasse fishery and the use of wrasses as cleaner fish. In this document, we address the sea lice problem and introduce the main wrasse species employed as cleaner fish, document the cleaning behaviour of wrasses, present the development of a new wrasse fishery associated with the salmon aquaculture industry, and finally, we identify the main challenges associated with the intensive use of wild-caught cleaner wrasses and provide some insight for future directions of the wrasse fishery and further development of aquaculture techniques to supply salmon facilities with domesticated cleaner fish. 相似文献
56.
Modifications to atrazine degradation pathways in a loamy soil after addition of organic amendments 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The effects of two organic amendments, a municipal solid waste compost and a composted straw, on [U-ring-
]atrazine degradation pathways in a loamy soil (Grignon, Yvelines, France) were studied during laboratory incubations under controlled conditions. Three month conditionings were conducted under sterile or non-sterile conditions, with soil plus atrazine, organic amendment plus atrazine, or soil plus organic amendment. Then either an organic amendment or soil or atrazine was added, respectively, to these three treatments and incubated for an additional 3 months under non-sterile conditions. Both organic amendments modified the behaviour of atrazine in soil but via different processes. The addition of municipal compost increased atrazine sorption and decreased its availability for degradation by soil microorganisms. The effect of the composted straw was mainly related to its high enzymatic activity, which appeared to be responsible for the production of large amounts of hydroxyatrazine. This hydroxylation favoured the opening of the triazine ring and its subsequent mineralization in the soil. At the end of the incubations, less atrazine was mineralized in the presence of the two types of organic amendment, which both increased the formation of non-extractable residues of atrazine. The addition of municipal compost preserved larger amounts of extractable atrazine, while the addition of composted straw enhanced hydroxyatrazine production. In all cases, the greatest effects were found when atrazine was directly in contact with the organic amendment during conditioning. 相似文献
57.
Dynamic riparian buffer widths from potential non-point source pollution areas in forested watersheds 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pece V. Gorsevski Jan Boll Enrique Gomezdelcampo Erin S. Brooks 《Forest Ecology and Management》2008,256(4):664-673
Efforts to manage National Forests in the USA for wood production, while protecting water quality, are currently constrained by models that do not address the temporal dynamics of variable non-point source (NPS) areas. NPS areas are diffuse sources of contaminants contributed mostly by runoff as a result of different land use activities. Riparian vegetative buffers are often used to control contaminants from NPS areas but defining suitable widths require different policy considerations. In this study, the approach for defining suitable buffer widths is to apply a distributed process-based model that predicts potential NPS areas prone to generating runoff in relation to overland flow distances. A case study of the concept was applied to the 72 km2 Pete King watershed located in the Clearwater National Forest (CNF) in central Idaho, USA. This grid modeling approach is based on a Geographic Information System (GIS) and it integrates the soil moisture routing (SMR) model with probabilistic analysis. The SMR model is a daily water balance model that simulates the hydrology of forested watersheds using real or stochastically generated climate data, a digital elevation model, soil, and land use data. The probabilistic analysis incorporates the variability of soil depth and accounts for uncertainties associated with the prediction of NPS areas using Monte Carlo simulation. A 1-year simulation for the case study location was performed to examine the spatial and temporal changes in NPS areas prone to generating runoff. The results of the simulation indicate that the seasonal variability of saturated areas determines the spatial dynamics of the potential NPS pollution. Use of this model for the design of riparian buffer widths would increase the effectiveness of decision-making in forest management and planning by mapping or delineating NPS areas likely to transport contaminants to perennial surface water bodies. 相似文献
58.
59.
Matías González-Arcos Maria Esther de Noronha Fonseca Ana Arruabarrena Mirtes F. Lima Miguel Michereff-Filho Enrique Moriones Rafael Fernández-Muñoz Leonardo S. Boiteux 《Euphytica》2018,214(10):178
The whitefly-transmitted Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) (genus Crinivirus) is associated with yield and quality losses in field and greenhouse-grown tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) in South America. Therefore, the search for sources of ToCV resistance/tolerance is a major breeding priority for this region. A germplasm of 33 Solanum (Lycopersicon) accessions (comprising cultivated and wild species) was evaluated for ToCV reaction in multi-year assays conducted under natural and experimental whitefly vector exposure in Uruguay and Brazil. Reaction to ToCV was assessed employing a symptom severity scale and systemic virus infection was evaluated via RT-PCR and/or molecular hybridization assays. A subgroup of accessions was also evaluated for whitefly reaction in two free-choice bioassays carried out in Uruguay (with Trialeurodes vaporariorum) and Brazil (with Bemisia tabaci Middle-East-Asia-Minor1—MEAM1?=?biotype B). The most stable sources of ToCV tolerance were identified in Solanum habrochaites PI 127827 (mild symptoms and low viral titers) and S. lycopersicum ‘LT05’ (mild symptoms but with high viral titers). These two accessions were efficiently colonized by both whitefly species, thus excluding the potential involvement of vector-resistance mechanisms. Other promising breeding sources were Solanum peruvianum (sensu lato) ‘CGO 6711’ (mild symptoms and low virus titers), Solanum chilense LA1967 (mild symptoms, but with high levels of B. tabaci MEAM1 oviposition) and Solanum pennellii LA0716 (intermediate symptoms and low level of B. tabaci MEAM1 oviposition). Additional studies are necessary to elucidate the genetic basis of the tolerance/resistance identified in this set of Solanum (Lycopersicon) accessions. 相似文献
60.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of six extractants for available boron in acid soils undergoing to liming, and to correlate the results of soil analysis with foliar response seen in the teak plants in greenhouse conditions. Acid soil samples were collected and their chemical characterization was performed using standard analysis protocols. Later, agricultural lime was added to the experimental units in greenhouse conditions in order to control the soil acidity and these were incubated for 30 days. Six extracts for available boron were evaluated and correlated with response in the plant by foliar analysis. It is concluded that a high dissolution power of boron extractant solution produces a high sensitive in the determination of the changes of boron concentration in the limed acid soil. These methods are seen to be not adequate for the determination of available boron contents at high concentrations. 相似文献