Photonic band gap guidance in optical fibers

A fundamentally different type of optical waveguide structure is demonstrated, in which light is confined to the vicinity of a low-index region by a two-dimensional photonic band gap crystal. The waveguide consists of an extra air hole in an otherwise regular honeycomb pattern of holes running down the length of a fine silica glass fiber. Optical fibers based on this waveguide mechanism support guided modes with extraordinary properties.     

不同时期滴灌氮量对冀西北坝上地区洋葱产量和品质的影响

以洋葱品种"红贝特"为试材,设4个施氮水平处理N0、N1、N_2、N3,以CK为对照,测定了膜下滴灌洋葱的植株性状、鳞茎性状、品质和产量等指标,以探讨冀西北坝上地区地膜覆盖洋葱适宜的滴灌氮量,给当地洋葱施肥提供合理施肥依据。结果表明:处理N1的植株性状、鳞茎性状均显著高于CK,产量较CK提高12.26%;处理N1可溶性蛋白质、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖和维生素C含量较CK分别增加27.13%、8.16%、19.15%和60.71%,而硝酸盐含量CK较N1提高85.67%;在该试验条件下,洋葱获得最佳效益时的氮肥施用量和时期分别为苗期追N 31.5kg·hm~(-2),茎叶生长期追N 47.25kg·hm~(-2),鳞茎膨大初期追N 47.25kg·hm~(-2),鳞茎膨大中期追N 31.5kg·hm~(-2),并在整个生长时期配施P_2O_575kg·hm~(-2),配施K_2O 255kg·hm~(-2)。     

基于层次分析法的天然甜型葡萄酒原料种植区划评价

运用层次分析法和模糊数学综合评判方法,对新疆天然甜型葡萄酒原料种植区域进行了研究,并建立了数学模型.结果表明,吐鲁番的评价最高,其次为和田,昌吉为不适宜种植区.     

蝗虫微孢子虫病在优势蝗虫种类中的持续传播

对施用蝗虫微孢子虫后1-10年的草场中5种主要蝗虫种群中微孢子虫病的流行状况进行了研究,结果表明,蝗虫微孢子虫病能在蝗群中长期传播,蝗虫种群的感病率和感染指数呈波动趋势,随着施用后年限的增加,波幅变动范围趋于稳定。感染率波幅范围为20％-80％,感染指数为10％-41％;鼓翅皱膝蝗、白边痂蝗和毛足棒角蝗种群对微孢子虫病的感染指数,不同年份波动较大,短期内难以形成一个稳定的流行群体;而在小车蝗和宽须蚁蝗种群中引入微孢子虫4年后,感染指数下降,但能够形成比较稳定的感染群体。     

多壁碳纳米管做吸附剂富集水中有机磷农药残留

目的 研究多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)做固相萃取吸附剂对水中的16种有机磷农药残留的吸附富集效果.方法 MWCNTs SPE柱采用水相净化体系,有机磷农药采用双柱双检测器GC/FPD法测定.结果 优化的净化条件为:水样采用HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液调节pH=5.0,MWCNTs SPE柱用5 mL甲醇和5 mL HAc-...     

几种甘蓝型油菜幼苗抗旱性特征的比较研究

以EV1、EV2、EV3、EV4、EV5、EV66个抗旱性不同的油菜品种为试验材料,通过不同浓度PEG-6000渗透溶液模拟干旱胁迫处理,研究油菜幼苗的抗旱指数、根长、苗高和根冠比等性状变化,探索在大田环境条件下的苗期生长特征。结果表明,水分胁迫下EV2的抗旱指数最大,EV6的抗旱指数最小;不同浓度PEG胁迫下,各品种差异显著,EV1、EV2、和EV3的根长、苗高和根冠比较大,而EV5和EV6的表现较差。在大田油菜五叶期时,EV2的冠层覆盖面积最大,与其它品种之间存在极显著性差异;总生物量以EV2、EV3和EV1较大,根系干重以EV2较大,而且三者之间存在显著相关性;与抗旱指数进行通径分析,冠层覆盖面积对抗旱性的直接通径系数最大,达到0．5975。冠层覆盖面积的大小反映了早期活力的强弱,早期活力强,相应的品种抗旱指数高,抗旱性强。     

Characteristics and composition of watermelon, pumpkin, and paprika seed oils and flours

The nutritional quality and functional properties of paprika seed flour and seed kernel flours of pumpkin and watermelon were studied, as were the characteristics and structure of their seed oils. Paprika seed and seed kernels of pumpkin and watermelon were rich in oil and protein. All flour samples contained considerable amounts of P, K, Mg, Mn, and Ca. Paprika seed flour was superior to watermelon and pumpkin seed kernel flours in content of lysine and total essential amino acids. Oil samples had high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids with linoleic and oleic acids as the major acids. All oil samples fractionated into seven classes including triglycerides as a major lipid class. Data obtained for the oils' characteristics compare well with those of other edible oils. Antinutritional compounds such as stachyose, raffinose, verbascose, trypsin inhibitor, phytic acid, and tannins were detected in all flours. Pumpkin seed kernel flour had higher values of chemical score, essential amino acid index, and in vitro protein digestibility than the other flours examined. The first limiting amino acid was lysine for both watermelon and pumpkin seed kernel flours, but it was leucine in paprika seed flour. Protein solubility index, water and fat absorption capacities, emulsification properties, and foam stability were excellent in watermelon and pumpkin seed kernel flours and fairly good in paprika seed flour. Flour samples could be potentially added to food systems such as bakery products and ground meat formulations not only as a nutrient supplement but also as a functional agent in these formulations.     

碳素纤维在近岸海洋污染物亚硝酸盐、总氨态氮处理中的应用

为探索高效的近岸海水污染处理及生态修复方法,采用硝酸氧化法对黏胶基碳素纤维(Carbon fiber,CF)进行氧化改性,并利用改性后的黏胶基CF处理近岸模拟污染海水,研究了改性CF对海水中亚硝酸盐、总氨态氮等污染物的吸附情况,考察了黏胶基CF氧化改性时间等因素对吸附处理效果的影响,确定了改性黏胶基CF处理近岸污染海水的优化工艺条件。结果表明:黏胶基CF氧化改性时间、CF投加量、亚硝酸盐初始浓度、总氨态氮初始浓度、吸附时间、海况、p H等因素对CF的吸附性能均有不同程度的影响,当反应条件相同时CF的吸附性能较稳定;CF对亚硝酸盐的吸附效果较好,对总氨态氮的吸附效果次之;通过正交试验确定黏胶基CF材料修复模拟近岸海水的优化条件,即在吸附时间为3 h、海况为3级、投加量为0.01 g、亚硝酸盐初始浓度为4 mg/L、总氨态氮初始浓度为60 mg/L、改性时间为1.5 h、p H为8的条件下,CF对亚硝酸盐的去除率为84.56%,对总氨态氮的去除率为45.63%。本研究结果为CF在近岸海洋环境修复中的应用奠定了基础。     

干旱条件下糜子叶片衰老与保护酶活性变化

在干旱棚栽培条件下以宁糜13号、内糜5号和晋糜4号糜子品种为材料,观测分析不同品种花后叶片叶绿素含量、保护酶活性(SOD、CAT、POD)以及丙二醛含量变化。结果表明,参试品种各功能叶片叶绿素含量及SOD、CAT、POD活性均在开花14 d后逐渐下降,MDA含量随着叶片的衰老而升高;参试品种叶片衰老的总体变化趋势一致,但衰老进程存在差异。与内糜5号和晋糜4号相比,宁糜13号叶绿素下降幅度小,各功能叶片衰老过程中SOD、CAT活性下降较慢,POD活性下降较快,MDA含量增加幅度小,叶片功能期长,衰老缓慢,有利于光合产物的积累;干旱条件下,叶绿素含量、过氧化氢酶CAT、超氧化物歧化酶SOD与单株产量呈正相关,而过氧化物酶POD、丙二醛MDA与单株产量呈负相关。