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141.
Ceruloplasmin (Cp) determination could provide an objective measure of the health status of an animal and could be used as marker of animal health and welfare (Skinner, 2001) (Skinner, J. G., 2001. Special report. International standardization of acute phase proteins. Veterinary Clinical Pathology 30, 2-7.) but only manual methods have been reported to determine Cp concentrations in pigs (McCosker, 1961; Toussaint et al., 1995; Eckersall et al., 1996) (McCosker, P. J., 1961. Paraphenylenediamine oxidase activity and copper-levels in mammalian plasmas. Nature. 190, 887-889; Toussaint, M. J. M., Van Ederen, A. M., Gruys, E., 1995. Implication of clinical pathology in assessment of animal health and in animal production and meat inspection. Comparative Haematology International 5, 149-157; Eckersall, P. D., Saini, P. K., McComb, C., 1996. The acute phase response of acid soluble glycoprotein, alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin and C-reactive protein, in the pig. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 51, 377-385). In the present study two automated methods based on the use of two different substrates for the determination of serum ceruloplasmin in pigs were developed, evaluated and compared. Both methods showed a good precision and detection limits, with no signs of inaccuracy and could be applied to biochemical autoanalyzers usually found in clinical laboratories using only minimal amounts of serum. Additionally the behaviour of Cp in experimental and clinical situations was studied showing an increase of around two fold after turpentine administration and significantly higher values in cases of pigs with inflammatory conditions when compared with healthy pigs. 相似文献
142.
Application of RAPD markers in the characterisation of Chrysanthemum varieties and the assessment of somaclonal variation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Characterisation of fifteen commercial varieties of Chrysanthemum was carried out through RAPD analysis. Varieties could be distinguished from each other and the level of similarity between
varieties seemed to be not very high. In vitro cultures were establish from four varieties and were subjected to different proliferation conditions. Five individuals from
each variety and treatment were analysed using RAPD at the beginning of the treatment and after a month of culture. Variation
was detected at both stages of the culture period. The rate of variation found showed differences between varieties, but no
significant difference was found between culture conditions.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
143.
A 2-year study of autumn-sown white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) was conducted under rainfed Mediterranean conditions in southern Spain. 108 landraces were evaluated for yield and major
phonological and plant structural characteristics. Path coefficient and Genotype-Trait (GT) biplot analysis were used. Applying
both types of analyses to the multiple trait data revealed that GT biplot graphically displayed the interrelationships among
traits and facilitated visual comparison of accessions and selection. Wide variation was observed for trait phenology (dates
of flowering and maturity), plant structure (plant and first order inflorescence height) and yield characters (first order
branches, first order inflorescence and total yield). It was found that the accessions with the highest yields were the tallest
and the latest to flower, both on the mainstem and on the lowest first order branch, and also were the latest to mature. GT
biplots also had suggested as the accessions have been displayed according to their origins. The results showed that foreign
germplasm may be an important material for improving some yield components such as number of pods and seeds per plant of locally
adapted lupins in Spain.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
144.
Daniel J. Archambault Eduardo Marentes Wayne Buckley John Clarke Gregory J. Taylor 《Euphytica》2001,117(2):175-182
We have developed a seedling-based bioassay that iscapable of identifying low Cd-accumulating phenotypes(homozygous and heterozygous) after 96–120 h ofexposure. Our experiments were conducted using109Cd as a tracer at subtoxic concentrations tosimulate conditions that might be experienced in thefield. Supply of Cd (10-11 M) to 4-d oldseedlings for 0–8 h resulted in no differences in rootand leaf Cd content between the low (TL05) and high(TL04) Cd-accumulating isolines. Increasing time ofexposure produced significant differences in leaf Cdaccumulation between isolines, with differencesbecoming most pronounced after the bulk of appliedcadmium ( 95%) was depleted from absorption solutions( 72 h). Similar results were obtained with8-d old seedlings, where differences between genotypeswere more pronounced in young leaves (2nd leaf) orshoot bases. Individuals from five low and highCd-accumulating near isogenic pairs (50individuals/isoline) were screened using Cdconcentration of shoot bases as the screeningcriterion. Mean scores within each isoline pair weresignificantly different, although overlap ofindividual scores was observed at intermediate foliarCd concentrations. The 2nd leaf to root Cdcontent ratio, which reflects root to shoottranslocation, provided a better parameter todistinguish low from high Cd-accumulating isolines. Plants used for this bioassay could also be rescuedfor subsequent experimental crosses, providing a rapidand cost-effective tool for early detection of the lowCd-accumulating phenotype. 相似文献
145.
Summary The invasive potential of a species can be assessed by propagule pressure, which measures the chances for propagules of a
species to find a suitable habitat for establishment and reproduction. Seeds, fruits, and vegetative structures that contribute
to the propagule pressure are morphologically, physiologically and genetically different from one another, thus each kind
should have a specific way of contributing to a successful invasion. In this paper we review plant traits that contribute
to the propagule pressure. Seed production provides an estimate of the potential multiplication rate of the weed. However,
it is gap-sensing mechanisms of seeds based on dormancy termination and germination requirements, which significantly contribute
to the naturalization and invasion processes assuring a successful seedling establishment in environments of high competition.
Dispersal of propagules reduces competition, mating with a sibling, and subsequent inbreeding depression, and increases colonization
opportunities and range of expansion. Some of those benefits can be achieved in a population by existence of dormancy mechanisms
and thus, the existence of a seed bank. Finally, vegetative propagation may ensure expansion of local populations when seedling
establishment is low. Broadening the scope of traits that are considered in the breeding programs aimed at commercial production
of plant propagules, to include those related to propagule pressure, is essential for adequate evaluation of invasive potential. 相似文献
146.
Karim Sorkheh Behrouz Shiran T. M. Gradziel B. K. Epperson Pedro Martínez-Gómez E. Asadi 《Euphytica》2007,156(3):327-344
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis is a rapid and efficient method for producing DNA fingerprints and
molecular characterization. Our objectives were to: estimate genetic similarities (GS), marker indices, and polymorphic information
contents (PICs) for AFLP markers in almond cultivars; assess the genetic diversity of almond cultivars and wild species, using
GS estimated from AFLP fingerprints and molecular characterization; and facilitate the use of markers in inter-specific introgression
and cultivar improvement. The genetic diversity of 45 almond cultivars from Iran, Europe, and America, were studied assaying
19 primer combinations. In addition, several agronomic traits were evaluated, including flowering and maturity times, self-incompatibility,
and kernel and fruit properties. Out of the 813 polymerase chain reaction fragments that were scored, 781 (96.23%) were polymorphic.
GS ranged from 0.5 to 0.96, marker indices ranged from 51.37 to 78.79, and PICs ranged from 0.56 to 0.86. Results allowed
the unique molecular identification of all assayed genotypes. However, the correlation between genetic similarity clustering
as based on AFLP and clustering for agronomic traits was low. Cluster analysis based on AFLP data clearly differentiated the
genotypes and wild species according to their origin and pedigree, whereas, cluster analysis based on agronomic data differentiated
according the pomological characterization. Our results showed the great genetic diversity of the almond cultivars and their
interest for almond breeding. 相似文献
147.
Raquel Sánchez-Pérez Encarnación Ortega Henri Duval Pedro Martínez-Gómez Federico Dicenta 《Euphytica》2007,155(3):381-391
The inheritance of 16 important agronomic traits and its relationship were studied for four years in a population of 167 almond
[P. dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] seedlings obtained from a cross between the French selection ‘R1000’ (‘Tardy Nonpareil’ × ‘Tuono’) and
the Spanish cultivar ‘Desmayo Largueta’. For some traits (blooming and leafing date) descendants segregated between the value
of both progenitors, meanwhile for others the mean of the offspring was lower (bloom density, productivity and ripening date)
or higher (in-shell/kernel ratio and double kernels). As expected, kernel bitterness and self-incompatibility behaved as monogenic
traits. Some important correlations between traits were detected. The implications of the transmission and the correlation
of these traits in the breeding programmes are discussed. 相似文献
148.
Genetic diversity, as revealed by eighteenSimple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers inthirty almond [P. dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb], twenty fresh-market peach [Prunus persica (L.), Basch], fifteenprocessing clingstone peach cultivars, andten rootstocks, established the geneticrelatedness among cultivars andcharacterized the variation within andbetween species. One accession each of thewild Prunus species, P.davidiana [(Carriere) Franch] and P.webbii [(Spach.) Vieh.], was included inthe analysis. The number of presumedalleles revealed by the SSR analysis rangedfrom one to six in peach whereas almondcultivars showed a range of three to nine.Peach cultivars clustered into ten groups,which are in general agreement withdocumented origin. Most processingclingstone peach cultivars clusteredseparately from fresh-market freestonecultivars supporting a distinct origin. Twomajor clusters were observed in almond withone containing California cultivars and theother containing European cultivars and theimportant California cultivar Mission.Results establish the value of SSR markersfor distinguishing different geneticlineages and characterize an extensive andlargely unexploited inter-species gene poolavailable to peach and almond breedingprograms. 相似文献
149.
Devesa V Loos A Súñer MA Vélez D Feria A Martínez A Montoro R Sanz Y 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(26):10297-10305
A study of the transformation of arsenic species by the microflora of the freshwater crayfish Procambarus clarkii was carried out. The study of the degradation of AB (arsenobetaine) was performed in aerobic conditions in two culture media (tryptic soy broth and saline medium) at two temperatures (30 and 8 degrees C). The microflora transformed AB into TMAO (trimethylarsine oxide), DMA (dimethylarsinate), MA (methylarsonate), and an unidentified compound (U1). The quickest transformations were carried out by microflora from hepatopancreas incubated in saline medium at 30 degrees C. The individualized study of other arsenic species [AC (arsenocholine), TETRA (tetramethylarsonium ion), TMAO, DMA, and MA] was also performed in saline medium. The only transformation observed was of AC into AB. The bacteria possibly responsible for AB degradation were isolated, identified by phenotypic and genotypic methods, and individually assayed for AB transformation. Only isolates allocated to the species Pseudomonas putida were able to metabolize AB. 相似文献
150.
Haroldo Lobo Leire Méndez-Fernández Maite Martínez-Madrid Michiel A. Daam Evaldo L. G. Espíndola 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2016,16(12):2766-2774