高温应激诱导奶牛乳腺细胞生长周期阻滞

实验通过台盼蓝染色、MTT、细胞流式等方法研究高温(40℃/41℃)对乳腺细胞活性、细胞周期及凋亡的影响。结果表明,高温可以抑制乳腺细胞的增殖,使细胞产生S、G2期阻滞,诱导乳腺细胞凋亡,并随高温强度的增加而作用增强。试验提示高温可诱导乳腺细胞周期阻滞,抑制细胞增殖。     

不同饲养方式对西门塔尔牛日增重及血清部分激素和神经递质水平变化的影响

试验旨在研究散栏与栓系两种饲养方式对西门塔尔牛生长过程中不同时期血清部分激素和神经递质水平变化的影响。选用50头体重相近(330kg左右)、月龄相同(12月龄)、未去势、健康无病的西门塔尔公牛,随机分为散栏组和栓系组,每组25头,分别于2012年10、11、12月及2013年1、2月进行体重及血清部分激素和神经递质水平的测定。结果表明,散栏组日增重在2012年11月显著高于栓系组(P0.05),在2012年12月及2013年2月极显著高于栓系组(P0.01)。散栏组血清部分激素水平中生长激素(GH)含量在2013年2月显著高于栓系组(P0.05);甲状腺素(T4)、睾酮(T)含量在2012年12月和2013年2月分别显著和极显著高于栓系组(P0.05;P0.01);生长抑素(SS)含量在2013年2月极显著低于栓系组(P0.01);雌二醇(E2)、促黄体素(LH)含量在2012年12月和2013年2月显著高于栓系组(P0.05)。散栏组牛血清部分神经递质中组胺(His)和5-羟色胺(5-HT)含量在2012年12月分别显著和极显著高于栓系组(P0.05;P0.01)。综上所述,随着年龄的增加,散栏饲养组牛血清中部分激素水平变化与日增重变化具有一定的相关性。与栓系饲养方式相比,散栏饲养方式较适合于提高西门塔尔牛的日增重。     

Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) integrins αvβ3 and αvβ6 as FMDV receptors: Molecular cloning, sequence analysis and comparison with other species

Integrins are heterodimeric adhesion receptors that participate in a variety of cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix protein interactions. Many integrins recognize RGD sequences displayed on extracellular matrix proteins and the exposed loops of viral capsid proteins. Four members of the αv integrin family of cellular receptors, αvβ3, αvβ6, αvβ1 and αvβ8, have been identified as receptors for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in vitro, and integrins are believed to be the receptors used to target epithelial cells in the infected animals. To analyse the roles of the αv integrins from a susceptible species as viral receptors, we have cloned Bactrian camel αv, β3 and β6 integrin cDNAs and compared them to those of other species. The coding sequences for Bactrian camel integrin αv, β3 and β6 were found to be 3165, 2289 and 2367 nucleotides in length, encoding 1054, 762 and 788 amino acids, respectively. The Bactrian camel αv, β3 and β6 subunits share many structural features with homologues of other species, including the ligand binding domain and cysteine-rich region. Phylogenetic trees and similarity analyses showed the close relationships of integrin genes from Bactrian camels, pigs and cattle, which are each susceptible to FMDV infection, that were distinct from the orders Rodentia, Primates, Perissodactyla, Carnivora, Galliformes and Xenopus. We postulate that host tropism of FMDV may in part be related to the divergence in integrin subunits among different species.     

Ensiling characteristics of total mixed ration prepared with local feed resources in Mozambique and their effects on nutrition value and milk production in Jersey dairy cattle

To effectively utilize total mixed ration (TMR) prepared with locally available feed resources, we studied the nutritional value and milk production in Jersey dairy cattle fed a local general diet (LGD) and fermented TMR in Mozambique. Ten head of Jersey dairy cattle with 337 ± 19.8 kg body weight, aged 3–4 years in mid location were used in this study. The LGD diet was designed following the general feeding method of local smallholding farms; it contained native grass, Napier grass, wheat bran, and mineral–vitamin mix. Fermented TMR was prepared using Napier grass, corn bran, wheat bran, formula feed, and mineral–vitamin mix. Fermented TMR was preserved as good quality, with a relatively low pH and high lactic acid content. Compared to LGD, fermented TMR significantly improved the dry matter intake and digestibility in dairy cattle. Milk yield was significantly higher in dairy cattle fed with TMR than in those fed with LGD, by 3.75 L/d; milk quality was not significantly different between treatments. The results confirmed that LGD had a low dry matter intake and milk yield, and fermented TMR prepared with local feed resources can attain good quality and improve milk yield in dairy cattle in Mozambique.     

无水氨、尿素氨化秸秆饲喂肉牛的效果

为了评价无水氨、尿素氨化麦秸、玉米秸饲喂肉牛的效果,用42头肉用生长母牛及阉牛进行了80天饲养试验。试验开始牛平均体重为135公斤,按随机区组设计分为7组,占干物质3％的无水氨氨化麦秸组(WA)、占干物质5.4％的尿素加大豆粉氨化麦秸组(WUS)、麦秸组(W);占干物质3％的无水氨氨化玉米秸组(CA)、占干物质5.4％的尿素加大豆粉氨化玉米秸组(CUS)、占干物质5.4％的尿素氨化玉米秸组(CU)、玉米秸组(C).各组牛秸秆自由采食,混合精料按体重的1％喂给。为了平衡日粮粗蛋白质水平,W组及C组每日每头分别加喂32克和37克尿素。试验结果表明:秸秆经氨化处理后含氮量提高88-151％,肉牛采食每公斤秸秆干物质的时间显著缩短。WA组、WUS组、W组、CA组CUS组、CU组和C组的日增重分别为0.66、0.54、0.52、0.57、0.63、0.56、0.48公斤(P<0.01)。添加大豆脲酶对尿素氨化玉米秸的效果无明显影响。     

The application of the indirect fluorescent antibody test in research on heartwater

The preparation of the antigen, details of the reagents, the titration of the antispecies conjugates and the execution of the indirect fluorescent antibody test are described. The sensitivity and specificity of the test and its applicability to the detection of antibodies to Cowdria ruminantium are recorded. The test is both highly specific and sensitive and can be applied to a wide range of studies on heartwater, including epidemiology, determination of the C. ruminantium infection rate of Amblyomma ticks and the evaluation of immunization against heartwater. The test can also be used to detect antibodies to the heartwater agent in the sera of game.     

‘玉露香梨’果实发育中细胞壁组分和水解酶活性的变化

为揭示‘玉露香梨’果实发育期质地变化机理。探寻‘玉露香梨’果实细胞壁在果实生长过程中各组分的变化趋势,为梨果实品质调控提供科学依据。通过检测果实发育期细胞壁含量、细胞壁组成物质含量、果胶酶、纤维素酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性。‘玉露香梨’成熟时细胞壁含量仅为原含量的1/9;细胞壁水溶性果胶和离子型果胶含量呈现上升趋势,而共价结合型果胶含量呈现先上升后下降的趋势;纤维素和半纤维素含量呈先上升后下降的趋势; ‘玉露香梨’生长发育期内果胶酶活性呈现上升趋势,成熟期活性上升了3.8倍多,纤维素酶活性在‘玉露香梨’发育期,呈现上升趋势。随着‘玉露香梨’果实的生长发育,细胞壁含量及组分在细胞壁水解酶的作用下,随之发生了变化。     

中甸牦牛犊牛培育的关键技术措施

中甸牦牛是云南省迪庆藏族自治州高海拔地区农牧民的主要当家畜种,但是,在传统的养殖方式下,中甸牦牛犊牛培育中还存在着犊牛无保暖设施、吃奶不足、补饲程度低、体质较差、疫病防治不到位等问题,因此,针对中甸牦牛犊牛管理中存在的问题,提出了加强保暖设施建设、妊娠母牦牛管理以及初生犊牛的抚育、补饲、疫病防治等一系列关键技术措施。     

培养温度对海洋红酵母HS-3生物学特性的影响

研究了不同培养温度对海洋红酵母HS-3细胞生长繁殖及合成类胡萝卜素等生物学特性的影响。结果表明:(1)海洋红酵母在30℃温度培养下菌体繁殖迅速快、生物量积累多,随着培养温度的降低,菌体繁殖速度减慢,但合成类胡萝卜素能力增强。(2)采用前期30℃培养,后期20℃低温培养,红酵母HS-3菌株的生物量和类胡萝卜素的产量均能达到较高水平。