Food of Canis Mesomelas in South Africa

Data from five jackass penguin chicks (mean mass 201 g) showed that even young chicks can increase their oxygen consumption from 0,76± 0,16 ml 0¹/gxhr at 35°C to 2,09± 0,21 ml 0, at 20 °C. Close parental attendance may therefore be interpreted not only as protection against aerial predators but also as creating a microclimate which could favour a decrease in maintenance requirements and thus channel a substantial part of the available energy into growth. A decrease in rectal temperature, despite the increase in heat production, is interpreted as indicative of poor insulative properties of the down. Preliminary data on the ontogeny of thermoregulation indicate that penguin chicks may attain mature thermoregulatory abilities at a mass of approximately 400g.     

秸秆氨化与精料添加对羔羊生产性能的影响

本文报道了小麦秸氨化与精料添加对羔羊生产性能影响的研究结果。麦秸氨化提高了羔羊日增重、秸秆与日粮进食量及精料转化效率,但其提高幅度随日粮精料添加量的提高而减小。提高日粮精料添加水平,羔羊日增重与日粮绝对进食量提高,但精料转化效率在氨化与未氨化组呈不同规律变化:未氨化组持续提高,氨化组呈二次曲线规律变化,且“精料/增重”比最低的日粮精料水平为45％。     

不同密度的羊草种群结构及其光照分布的研究

本文报道了耕翻后自然更新的羊草种群不同密度条件下垂直结构及其光照分布特征。结果表明,地上生物量和叶面积指数均以种群中部最大,向上或向下皆逐渐减小。在三种密度中,生物量,叶面积指数,株高,茎高和叶片含水量均随着密度的增大而升高。比叶重和单株绿叶数度增加而降低。     

皮下包埋两性霉素B对兔真菌性皮肤病治疗效果研究

兔真菌性皮肤病是一类传染性极强的人畜共患接触性皮肤病。试验选取体重相近,已感染真菌性皮肤病的吉戎兔15只,分为3组,每组5只,试验组Ⅰ为对照组,注射生理盐水,组Ⅱ和组Ⅲ皮下分别包埋5mg和10mg的两性霉素颗粒剂。给药前和给药后第10天、第20天和第30天分别称重,并观察测定兔皮毛生长及秃斑恢复情况。结果表明,试验组兔增重均高于对照组,差异显著(P<0.05),试验末期组II和组Ⅲ秃斑恢复分别达95%和90%。因此,采用皮下包埋的给药方式有效地延长了两性霉素B的药效时间,可有效治愈兔真菌性皮肤病。     

马动脉炎病毒RT-PCR检测方法的建立

根据已报道的马动脉炎病毒基因组保守基因核苷酸序列，设计并合成了1对引物，通过对影响PCR扩增因素的筛选，成功地从病毒感染的细胞中扩增出约200bp的片段，与理论设计值(204bp)大小一致。而正常的RK-13、BHK-21和Vero细胞和同为动脉炎病毒科的猪繁殖与呼吸道综合征病毒(PRRSV)作为对照的扩增结果均为阴性。敏感性试验表明，该方法可以检测出10^-4个TCID50的病毒含量，说明具有较好的敏感性。     

小剂量砷化物对实验兔生长和繁殖性能的影响

为研究As2O3对实验兔生长和繁殖性能的影响,选择年龄和体重相近的40只实验兔(32只母兔,8只公兔)随机分成4组.对照组饲喂不含As2O3的基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组分别饲喂含As2O3 0.5mg/kg、1.0mg/kg和1.5mg/kg的日粮.生长发育和繁殖性能的测定结果显示,试验Ⅰ组与对照组相比,差异不显著(P＞0.05),试验Ⅱ组性能表现优于对照组,差异显著(P＜0.05),试验Ⅲ组出现中毒症状.本实验表明,适量的As2O3对实验兔生长和繁殖具有促进作用.     

Leucine stimulates mammalian target of rapamycin signaling in C2C12 myoblasts in part through inhibition of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is one of the main signaling pathways controlling protein synthesis. Leucine treatment upregulates mTOR signaling, which enhances protein synthesis; however, the mechanisms are not well understood. Herein, treatment of C2C12 myoblast cells with leucine enhanced the phosphorylation of mTOR and ribosomal protein S6 kinase. Leucine treatment also decreased the adenosine monophosphate/ATP ratio in myoblasts by 36.4 +/- 9.1% (P < 0.05) and reduced the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) alpha subunit at Thr172 (28.6 +/- 4.9% reduction, P < 0.05) and inhibited AMPK activity (43.6 +/- 3.5% reduction, P < 0.05). In addition, leucine increased the phosphorylation of mTOR at Ser2448 by 63.5 +/- 10.0% (P < 0.05) and protein synthesis by 30.6 +/- 6.1% (P < 0.05). Applying 5-aminoimidazole-4-carbox-amide 1-beta-d-ribonucleoside, an activator of AMPK, abolished the stimulation of mTOR signaling by leucine, showing that AMPK negatively controls mTOR signaling. To further show the role of AMPK in mTOR signaling, myoblasts expressing a dominant negative AMPKalpha subunit were employed. Negative myoblasts had very low AMPK activity. The activation of mTOR induced by leucine in these cells was abated, showing that AMPK contributed to mTOR activation. In conclusion, leucine stimulates mTOR signaling in part through AMPK inhibition. This study implicates AMPK as an important target for nutritional management to enhance mTOR signaling and protein synthesis in muscle cells, thereby increasing muscle growth.     

动物繁殖激素产品现存的问题和创新

近年来,为了提高母猪的繁殖效率,满足养猪业养殖高度集约化的生产要求,行业内开始大力推广批次化生产繁殖技术。目前国内都是采用提取类生殖激素孕马血清(PMSG)和孕妇尿液中的人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG),以及化学激素烯丙孕素进行繁殖调控。但是这些提取类产品仍存在一些缺陷,因此开发出活性好、纯度高、成本低的高品质蛋白类繁殖激素产品,进而应用于猪场批次化生产中,是提高我国乃至全球畜牧业发展效率的关键所在。     

高温条件下湿度对肉用仔鸡干物质和能量采食量及代谢率的影响

分别用4～5周龄艾维茵肉用仔鸡216只和6～7周龄180只分两阶段进行了试验,第1阶段同在32℃气温下设置30％,60％,90％相对湿度,第2阶段,同在30℃气温下设置30％,60％,90％相对湿度,分别测定对干物质及能量的采食量和表观代谢率.每个处理设6个重复,每阶段试验期为2周.结果表明,高温条件下,相对湿度显著影响4～5周龄肉仔鸡的干物质采食量和能量采食量(P<0．05),而对6～7周龄肉鸡无显著影响;高温条件下6～7周龄高湿组的干物质代谢率和能量代谢率较高(P<0．05),而4～5周龄阶段这一差异不显著