The effects of phenolic acid on nitrogen metabolism in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus</Emphasis> × <Emphasis Type="Italic">euramericana</Emphasis> ‘Neva’

The declines in soil fertility and productivity in continuously cropped poplar plantations are related to phenolic acid accumulation in the soil. Nitrogen is a vital life element for poplar and whether the accumulation of phenolic acid could influence nitrogen metabolism in poplar and thereby hinder continuous cropping is not clear. In this study, poplar cuttings of Populus × euramericana ‘Neva’ were potted in vermiculite, and phenolic acids at three concentrations (0X, 0.5X and 1.0X) were added according to the actual content (1.0X) in the soil of a second-generation poplar plantation. Each treatment had eight replicates. We measured gas exchange parameters and the activities of key enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism in the leaves. Leaf photosynthetic parameters varied with the concentration of phenolic acids. The net photosynthetic rate (P_N) significantly decreased with increasing phenolic acid concentration, and non-stomatal factors might have been the primary limitation for P_N. The activities of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT), as well as the contents of nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and total nitrogen in the leaves decreased with increasing phenolic acid concentration. This was significantly and positively related to P_N (P < 0.05). The low concentration of phenolic acids mainly affected the transformation process of NO₃^? to NO₂^?, while the high concentration of phenolic acids affected both processes, where NO₃^? was transferred to NO₂^? and NH₄⁺ was transferred to glutamine (Gln). Overall, phenolic acid had significant inhibitory effects on the photosynthetic productivity of Populus × euramericana ‘Neva’. This was probably due to its influence on the activities of nitrogen assimilation enzymes, which reduced the amount of amino acids that were translated into protein and enzymes. Improving the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by plants could help to overcome the problems caused by continuous cropping.     

The effects of phenolic acid on nitrogen metabolism in Populus 3 euramericana ‘Neva’

The declines in soil fertility and productivity in continuously cropped poplar plantations are related to phenolic acid accumulation in the soil.Nitrogen is a vital life element for poplar and whether the accumulation of phenolic acid could influence nitrogen metabolism in poplar and thereby hinder continuous cropping is not clear.In this study, poplar cuttings of Populus × euramericana‘Neva’ were potted in vermiculite, and phenolic acids at three concentrations(0 X, 0.5 X and 1.0 X) were added according to the actual content(1.0 X) in the soil of a second-generation poplar plantation.Each treatment had eight replicates.We measured gas exchange parameters and the activities of key enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism in the leaves.Leaf photosynthetic parameters varied with the concentration of phenolic acids.The net photosynthetic rate(P_N) significantly decreased with increasing phenolic acid concentration, and non-stomatal factors might have been the primary limitation for P_N.The activities of nitrate reductase(NR), glutamine synthetase(GS) and glutamate synthase(GOGAT), as well as the contents of nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and total nitrogen in the leaves decreased with increasing phenolic acid concentration.This was significantly and positively related to P_N(P0.05).The low concentration of phenolic acids mainly affected the transformation process of NO_3~- to NO_2~-, while the high concentration of phenolic acids affected both processes, where NO_3~- was transferred to NO_2~- and NH_4~+ was transferred to glutamine(Gln).Overall, phenolic acid had significant inhibitory effects on the photosynthetic productivity of Populus × euramericana‘Neva’.This was probably due to its influence on the activities of nitrogen assimilation enzymes, which reduced the amount of amino acids that were translated into protein and enzymes.Improving the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by plants could help to overcome the problems caused by continuous cropping.     

Comparison of the nutrient resorption stoichiometry of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Quercus variabilis</Emphasis> Blume growing in two sites contrasting in soil phosphorus content

Key message

Foliar phosphorus (P) resorption in Quercus variabilis Blume was significantly lower at a P-rich than at a P-deficient site. Moreover, P resorption strongly decreased, and nitrogen:phosphorus and carbon:phosphorus resorption ratios increased with soil P content. This demonstrates a strong link between foliar P resorption and P content in soils, and emphasizes the importance of P resorption in leaves of trees growing in soils with contrasted P content.

Context

Subtropical ecosystems are generally characterized by P-deficient soils. However, P-rich soils develop in phosphate rock areas.

Aims

We compared the patterns of nutrient resorption, in terms of ecological stoichiometry, for two sites naturally varying in soil P content.

Methods

The resorption efficiency (percentage of a nutrient recovered from senescing leaves) and proficiency (level to which nutrient concentration is reduced in senesced leaves) of 12 elements were determined in two oak (Q. variabilis) populations growing at a P-rich or a P-deficient site in subtropical China.

Results

P resorption efficiency dominated the intraspecific variation in nutrient resorption between the two sites. Q. variabilis exhibited a low P resorption at the P-rich site and a high P resorption at the P-deficient site. Both P resorption efficiency and proficiency strongly decreased with soil P content only and were positively related to the N:P and C:P ratios in green and senesced leaves. Moreover, resorption efficiency ratios of both N:P and C:P were positively associated with soil P.

Conclusion

These results revealed a strong link between P resorption and P stoichiometry in response to a P deficiency in the soil, and a single- and limiting-element control pattern of P resorption. Hence, these results provide new insights into the role of P resorption in plant adaptations to geologic variations of P in the subtropics.

     

淹水胁迫对2种杨树1年生苗叶片超微结构和光合特性的影响

选取耐涝的Ⅰ-69杨和不耐涝的小叶杨为试材进行对比淹水试验,研究淹水胁迫对杨树叶片的超微结构和光合特性的影响.结果表明:淹水胁迫对杨树叶片的超微结构产生明显伤害,显著抑制叶片的光合性能,且随胁迫程度的加重和淹水时间的延长而严重:淹水8天时,Ⅰ-69杨与小叶杨叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)最大光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)、叶绿素含量均略有下降,叶片超微结构出现淀粉粒大量减少、嗜锇体数量略有增加、类囊体略有膨胀,少部分片层出现轻微扭曲等现象,但2者间差异不明显.淹水15天时,2者间出现明显差异.Ⅰ-69杨仍然能够维持较完整的叶片超微结构,从而保持较高的Pn,Fv/Fm,叶绿素含量.小叶杨叶片的Pn,Fv/Fm,叶绿素含量显著降低.叶片超微结构严重受损,出现质壁分离,叶绿体膨胀、被膜消失,类囊体膨胀,基粒片层扭曲、解体,线粒体内嵴减少、内含物外渗等症状.叶绿体对淹水胁迫敏感,线粒体结构相对稳定.叶片超微结构,尤其光合机构的损伤程度与Pn,Fv/Fm,叶绿素含量的变化趋势一致,是造成淹水胁迫下光合性能下降的重要原因.不同杨树叶片的超微结构对淹水胁迫的抗性明显不同.淹水胁迫下,耐涝杨树叶片的超微结构明显比不耐涝杨树稳定,损伤症状轻,出现时间晚.叶片超微结构的稳定性与杨树的抗涝性呈正相关关系,可作为杨树抗涝性鉴定的细胞学参考.     

盐胁迫下构树DREB转录因子基因表达的实时荧光定量PCR分析

转录因子是指那些专一性地结合于DNA特定序列上、能激活或抑制其他基因转录的蛋白质(王少峡等,2004)。DREB(dehydration responsive element binding protein)转录因子是一种特异性的转录因子,当植物在干旱、低温及盐等逆境胁迫下,DREB转录     

松果梢斑螟不同危害期红松挥发性物质及与寄主选择的关系

在采用TCT-GC/MS对松果梢斑螟不同危害期红松挥发性物质分离鉴定的基础上,分析松果梢斑螟越冬幼虫对越冬幼虫转移危害期红松不同组织挥发性物质的嗅觉反应.结果表明,松果梢斑螟不同危害期红松球果及越冬幼虫转移危害期红松不同组织挥发性物质的组成与含量均存在差异;红松健康球果、健康2年生枝和针叶主要挥发性物质标样乙醇溶液对越冬幼虫的引诱作用显著高于乙醇对照组,而红松健康球果主要挥发性物质标样乙醇溶液的引诱作用显著大于健康2年生枝与针叶主要挥发性物质标样乙醇溶液;α-蒎烯、柠檬烯及α-蒎烯+β-蒎烯乙醇溶液对越冬幼虫的引诱作用明显强于红松健康球果主要挥发性物质标样乙醇溶液,且以α-蒎烯的引诱作用最强.     

毛白杨木材形成功能基因内SSR标记的开发及评价

利用直接测序法开发木材形成功能基因内一套新的核基因组SSR标记.通过对参与木材形成的16个基因在40个毛白杨基因型个体中的序列比较分析,共检测剑20个SSR多态性位点.在毛白杨自然群体中,SSR多态性位点的碱基重复呈现出二碱基、三碱基、五碱基、六碱基与七碱基形式,基元霞复次数变异范围为2～34次,其中以二碱基重复的位点较多,占总数的55.0%.在此基础上,依据SSR位点两侧的保守序列,设计20对SSR位点PCR扩增引物对.利用设计的引物检测开发的SSR位点在杨属内15个基因型个体中PCR扩增的有效性及SSR位点的保守性.PCR扩增结果显示,90.0%的SSR位点能够在杨属至少2个派内有效扩增,每对引物组合可检测到SSR多样性位点数为3～9个,平均5.3个.开发的这些SSR位点在功能基因内小同区域的分布频率不同.     

保山市竹亚科种质资源及其合理开发利用的探讨

保山市竹亚科种质资源和珍稀特有竹种较为丰富,是竹产业开发基础和条件较好的地区之一。在对当地竹类资源进行分类和分布调查的基础上,确认分布竹种15属55种,把保山市竹亚科植物区系特征总结为:种类组成的丰富性、类群结构的多样性、起源进化的特殊性、特有成分的复杂性。并对推进竹类资源的合理利用进行了探讨:突出资源特点,培植特色生态竹林景观;选择优良竹种,培植优质人工竹林资源;做好发展规划,科学指导竹产业综合开发;保护种质资源,保护竹类多样性资源;科学适度利用、促进保护发展是辅助措施。     

减缓热岛效应的城市规划措施探讨

城市化进程的加剧带来很多城市问题,城市热岛效应就是其中之一.北京作为一个国家性的大都市,城市热岛效应显著.在利用高分辨率遥感影像结合GIS分析技术研究城市道路、水体、绿地对城市热岛效应影响结果的基础上,从城市布局、道路系统规划、能源规划和生态系统规划等方面探讨了减缓城市热岛效应的可能措施.并从北京市的实际情况出发,分析了采用屋顶绿化和开发森林公园等措施来优化城市热环境的可行性.     

植物组织培养中控制污染技术研究

本文在总结分析近２０ 年来植物组织培养中有关污染的文献的基础上,结合笔者在桉树、月季、红豆杉、一品红等植物的组培研究中的体会,针对污染的原因、影响因素,首次系统地提出了控制或降低污染率的有效途径,为组培中提高得率提供了一定的理论和实践依据,在科研及生产上有一定的实用价值。