不同载畜率下短花针茅草原土壤水分空间异质性的分析

以短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)草原为研究对象,采用经典统计学和地统计学的方法对不同载畜率样地(不放牧、轻度放牧、中度放牧和重度放牧)的土壤水分进行描述性统计、半变异函数及空间插值分析,旨在研究载畜率对荒漠草原土壤水分空间异质性的影响。结果表明,01)各处理的土壤含水量均随载畜率的增大而逐渐升高,各处理的变异系数(CV)在7.29%~9.79%,均呈弱变异性。2)半变异函数分析显示各处理的土壤水分含量均呈指数模型,不放牧的结构比为74.4%,属于中等程度变异。轻度、中度、重度放牧处理的结构比分别为94.4%、91.2%和96.0%,具有强烈的空间自相关性;3)利用克里格插值法对各样地的未知采样点进行插值分析,发现重度放牧处理土壤水分的空间变异程度最大,不放牧处理土壤水分的空间变异程度最低。所以,载畜率对土壤水分的空间分布有明显的影响。     

Hydroxyl release by maize (Zea mays L.) roots under acidic conditions due to nitrate absorption and its potential to ameliorate an acidic Ultisol

Purpose

Hydroxyl ion release by maize (Zea mays L.) roots under acidic conditions was investigated with a view to develop a bioremediation method for ameliorating acid soils in tropical and subtropical regions.

Materials and methods

Two hydroponic culture experiments and one pot experiment were conducted: pH, nitrogen state, and rhizobox condition, which investigated the effects of different nitrogen forms on hydroxyl release by maize roots under acidic conditions.

Results and discussion

The pH of the culture solution increased as culture time rose. The gradient of change increased with rising NO₃ ^?/NH₄ ⁺ molar ratios. Maize roots released more hydroxyl ions at pH 4.0 than at pH 5.0. The amount of hydroxyl ions released by maize roots at a constant pH was greater than those at a nonconstant pH. Application of calcium nitrate reduced exchangeable acidity and increased the pH in an Ultisol rhizosphere, compared with bulk soil. The increasing magnitude of soil pH was greater at higher doses of N. The absorption of NO₃ ^?–N increased as the NO₃ ^?/NH₄ ⁺ molar ratios rose, which was responsible for hydroxyl ion release and pH increases in culture solutions and rhizosphere.

Conclusions

Root-induced alkalization in the rhizosphere resulting from nitrate absorption by maize plants can be used to ameliorate acidic Ultisols.     

溶氧浓度对植物青枯病高效生防菌株PBW1生长影响的研究

青枯病是危害大、分布广、损失重的植物病害之一。生防菌株PBW1对植物青枯病的防效可高达70％以上。本文研究了溶氧浓度对PBW1生长的影响, PBW1生长的临界溶氧浓度为25.5%;摇瓶与发酵罐培养的结果均表明,溶氧浓度越高,越有利于菌体的生长。     

高产奶牛血清镁含量分析

为调查南宁地区某奶牛场奶牛血清镁含量及其是否与该场奶牛蹄病有关,选取40头健康奶牛和46头蹄病奶牛,采用原子吸收分光光度法分析每头牛血清镁含量,结果表明全部被检牛血清镁平均含量为22.72±3.11mg/L;健康组与蹄病组奶牛血清镁含量分别为23.02±3.19mg/L和22.45±3.09mg/L,两组间差异不显著(P＞0.05).     

提取缓冲液pH值对植物组织中SOD、POD和CAT酶活性的影响

植物组织中SOD、POD和CAT活性测定对于研究植物抗逆性极其重要。为了简化实验,利用比色法研究了四种作物在正常水分条件下和干旱胁迫下,不同pH值提取缓冲液对SOD、POD和CAT酶活性的影响。结果表明,SOD不适合在低pH值(6.0)提取缓冲液下提取,POD不适合在pH 7.0的提取缓冲液下提取,CAT可以应用三种提取缓冲液中的任意一种,对酶活性均影响不大。综上所述,SOD、POD和CAT三种酶活均可以应用pH 7.8缓冲液提取,不会显著影响实验结果,提高测定效率。     

Apoptosis‐Like Events and In Vitro Fertilization Capacity of Sex‐Sorted Bovine Sperm

This study utilized three staining assays (Annexin V, mitochondrial membrane potential (JC‐1) and TUNEL) for flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis in sex‐sorted sperm from four different bulls (A, B, C and D). Correlations between sperm quality and IVF efficiency were then assessed to determine which assay provided the best prediction of IVF efficiency. The results of the Annexin V assays, as well as measures of viable sperm, early apoptosis, necrotic sperm and mitochondrial membrane potential (?ψm) showed that the sex‐sorted sperm collected from bull A significantly differed from those of the other three bulls (p < 0.05). In addition, the levels of DNA fragmentation in sex‐sorted sperm from bull A were significantly lower than those from bulls B and C (p < 0.05). The percentage of cells reaching the cleavage and blastocyst stages in sex‐sorted sperm from bull A were significantly greater than those from the other bulls (p < 0.05). A significant positive correlation was observed between viable sperm and the percentage of cells at the cleavage or blastocyst stages (p < 0.05). In contrast, a negative correlation was found between early apoptotic sperm and the percentage of cells at the cleavage or blastocyst stages (p < 0.05). In conclusion, these results indicated that the Annexin V assay was the most reliable technique for the prediction of the IVF success of sex‐sorted bovine sperm.     

镁肥对土壤铅生物有效性的影响

铅污染土壤可通过蔬菜消费威胁人类健康。为降低铅污染土壤中铅的生物有效性,减轻铅对作物的伤害,以菠菜(Spinacia oleracea L.)为试验作物,采用盆栽试验方法,设置75、150、300 mg/(kg?土)3个硫酸镁施用量,125、1000 mg/(kg?土)2个铅污染浓度,研究施用硫酸镁肥对土壤中外源铅生物有效性的影响。结果表明,不同铅浓度对菠菜生长、产量和养分吸收都有显著的影响。铅的浓度越大,对作物伤害越大。在铅污染土壤中适当施用镁肥,可以促进菠菜生长,增加产量,叶片叶绿素、维生素Ｃ含量以及氮、磷、钾养分吸收量均明显提高,而铅浓度明显下降。相关分析表明,菠菜镁吸收量与铅吸收量呈显著性负相关关系。研究结果表明,适量镁肥的施用可降低土壤中铅的生物有效性,减轻铅对作物的伤害,提高产量,改善品质,这对轻度铅污染土壤改良和菠菜高产优质生产具有一定的指导意义。     

杉木混交林土壤微生物及生化特征和肥力

测定了杉木与鹅掌楸，拟赤杨，木荷，檫树和香樟等５个树种的混交林土壤特征，结果表明混交林土壤微生物数量比杉木纯林高７．１９％～４１．３１％，土壤脲酶，转化酶，过氧化氢酶，多酚氧化酶和吸收强度均比纯林高，土壤有机质，全氮，全磷，水解氮，速效磷和速效钾普遍高于纯林。     

砒砂岩区沙棘定植株与萌蘖株生长指标间的关联分析

砒砂岩区为中国自然生态环境最为恶劣的地区之一。多年来的科学研究和生产实践均证明,沙棘为适应这一地区的最佳先锋植物。2～8a沙棘定植株的平均高、地径分别与萌蘖株高、冠幅间存在着较好的正相关关系;中等盖度（40％～70％）的沙棘人工林分,其萌蘖能力最高。生产实践中可充分利用沙棘萌蘖性能强的优势,有效降低种植密度,减少种植成本,实现砒砂岩区快速、经济、高效恢复植被的目的。     

草莓根腐病研究进展

草莓根腐病是草莓根部重要病害,特别是在多年种植草莓的重茬地块,严重时可造成整个草莓园区的毁灭。该病的发生具有逐年上升趋势,已成为草莓产业发展的主要障碍之一。世界范围内草莓主产区已报道的根腐病病原物达20种之多,是一种较难防治的土传病害。文章从草莓根腐病的分类与特点、发生与危害、根腐病病原物生物学、病害症状及防治方法等方面全面阐述了国内外草莓根腐病的研究进展,并从化学、物理、农业、生物防治等方面介绍了目前草莓根腐病的主要防治方法,最后从生态学的角度对该病防治的研究前景进行了展望。