Notch1 promotes renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in renal tissues of diabetic mice by inhibiting autophagy through Akt/mTOR signaling pathway

AIM: To observe the changes of Notch1 expression and autophagy in the renal tissues of diabetic mice, and to explore the regulatory effect of Notch1 on tubulointerstitial fibrosis by inhibiting autophagy in diabetic nephro-pathy. METHODS: The mice were randomly divided into normal control group (db/m mice) and diabetes group (db/db mice), with 8 rats in each group. After 12 weeks of feeding, the mice were sacrificed and the corresponding biochemical indexes were measured. The protein expression of Notch1 in the renal tubular epithelial cells was observed by immunohistochemical staining. The protein levels of Notch1, PTEN, p-Akt (Thr308), Akt, p-mTOR (Ser2448), mTOR, LC3, P62, collagen type Ⅰ (Col-Ⅰ) and collagen type Ⅲ (Col-Ⅲ) were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the db/m mice, the blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, serum creatinine, triglyceride and total cholesterol were increased in the db/db mice (P<0.01). Renal tubular epithelial cell vacuolar degeneration, renal tubular expansion and interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration in db/db mouse renal tissues with HE staining were observed. The images of Masson staining showed collagenous fiber-like substance deposition in the glomerular capillaries and renal interstitium, and disarrangement of tubular structure in the renal tissues of db/db mice. The protein expression levels of PTEN and LC3-Ⅱ were decreased (P<0.01 or P<0.05), while the protein levels of Notch1, P62, p-mTOR (Ser2448), p-Akt (Thr308), Col-I and Col-III were increased in the db/db mice as compared with the db/m mice (P<0.01). However, no significant change of total mTOR and Akt proteins between the 2 groups was found. CONCLUSION: Notch1 protein expression was increased, PTEN expression was significantly reduced, Akt/mTOR pathway was activated, autophagy was inhibited, and fibrosis was aggravated in the renal tissues of the diabetic mice.     

哈尔滨群力新区绿地生态规划设计建议

在分析群力新区绿地景观格局的基础上,针对提出的问题,对群力新区绿地系统进行生态规划,确立了"一轴、两廊、三纵、五片、六核"的绿地布局。确定近期、中期、远期绿地规划绿地率指标分别为19%、25%、33%,绿化覆盖率分别为24%、30%、40%,人均公园绿地为8.5、10.0、12.0m2。规划公园绿地为研究区绿地系统的核心绿地景观,均衡分布各个公园绿地的位置与规模,提高绿地景观均匀性。大幅增加附属绿地面积,注重各类斑块等级的运用,增加绿地斑块之间的联系性,降低附属绿地破碎化程度。生产、防护绿地要确保分别达到绿地指标的完成,尽可能的多采用大中型斑块和大型斑块,能更好的发挥其生产、防护的作用。规划湿地公园填补其它绿地类型的缺失,丰富了研究区绿地景观的多样性。     

吲哚丁酸对葡萄不同鲜食品种硬枝扦插成活率的影响

以京秀、早黑宝、白鸡心、克伦生4个鲜食葡萄品种的1年生枝为试材,通过对生根促进剂吲哚丁酸浓度的筛选试验,选择吲哚丁酸(2 000mg/L)对葡萄硬枝进行扦插成活率的影响试验。结果表明:克伦生、白鸡心生根情况较好,早黑宝居中,京秀最差。     

Synthesis and characterization of a novel charring agent and its application in intumescent flame retardant polyethylene system

A novel charring agent poly(pentaerythritol spirocyclic phosphorusoxy spirocyclic diethanolamine borate) (PPSPSDB) was synthesized successfully with diethanolamine borate (DEAB) and spirocyclic pentaerythritol bisphosphorate disphosphoryl chloride (SPDPC), which was combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to endow linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) with flame retardance. The structure of PPSPSDB was characterized by FTIR and 1H-NMR. The study of thermal stability of various LLDPE composites showed that PPSPSDB/APP system could effectively improve the thermal degradation and thermal-oxidative stability of the char residues, and PE3 containing 30 wt% APP/ PPSPSDB with a 2 weight ratio left the highest amount of char residue at 800 oC. The results of flammability revealed that PE3 had the best combination property; the limited oxygen index value was 29.6, and vertical burning reached UL-94 V-0 rating, and the tensile strength and notched impact strength were 11.853 MPa and 28.8 kJ/m2 respectively. The investigation of structure and morphology of char residue indicated that the compact foaming char layer, as a good barrier against the transmission of heat and volatiles, was formed for PE3 during combustion.     

Heat stress-induced mucosal barrier dysfunction is potentially associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis in pigs

Heat stress(HS)can be detrimental to the gut health of swine.Many negative outcomes induced by HS are increasingly recognized as including modulation of intestinal microbiota.In turn,the intestinal microbiota is a unique ecosystem playing a critical role in mediating the host stress response.Therefore,we aimed to characterize gut microbiota of pigs’exposure to short-term HS,to explore a possible link between the intestinal microbiota and HS-related changes,including serum cytokines,oxidation status,and intestinal epithelial barrier function.Our findings showed that HS led to intestinal morphological and integrity changes(villus height,serum diamine oxidase[DAO],serum D-lactate and the relative expressions of tight junction proteins),reduction of serum cytokines(interleukin[IL]-8,IL-12,interferongamma[IFN-g]),and antioxidant activity(higher glutathione[GSH]and malondialdehyde[MDA]content,and lower superoxide dismutase[SOD]).Also,16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that although there was no difference in microbial a-diversity,some HS-associated composition differences were revealed in the ileum and cecum,which partly led to an imbalance in the production of short-chain fatty acids including propionate acid and valerate acid.Relevance networks revealed that HS-derived changes in bacterial genera and microbial metabolites,such as Chlamydia,Lactobacillus,Succinivibrio,Bifidobacterium,Lachnoclostridium,and propionic acid,were correlated with oxidative stress,intestinal barrier dysfunction,and inflammation in pigs.Collectively,our observations suggest that intestinal damage induced by HS is probably partly related to the gut microbiota dysbiosis,though the underlying mechanism remains to be fully elucidated.     

一类应力-强度模型结构可靠度的估计

考虑了应力服从三维GBVE分布,强度服从指数分布的应力-强度模型,分别在部分应力参数未知和强度参数未知的情况下给出了该模型在并联情况下结构可靠度的估计,并讨论了其性质。     

大学生的学习成绩与智力、人格特征的关系

采用问卷法对160名北京本科一年级的学生进行调查,对大学生的学习成绩与智力、人格特征的关系进行讨论。学习成绩用高考成绩表示。问卷包括团体IQ测验量表和青年人格问卷(CPI),分别对智力和人格特征进行测量。结果表明,大学生的学习成绩不仅跟智力有关,而且还跟人格特征有着紧密的相关。因此,我们不仅要重视学生智力的培养,也要要关注学生健康人格的培养。     

黄颡鱼毒棘结构研究

黄颡鱼（Pelteobagrus fulvidraco）是较为典型的淡水刺毒鱼类,本研究结合宏观毒棘骨骼标本制作和微观组织切片等方法,深入探究黄颡鱼的毒棘结构。研究结果表明,黄颡鱼的胸鳍和背鳍均具有尖锐的倒刺棘骨,棘骨外包围着皮膜,皮膜拥有能分泌毒液的毒腺细胞,它们共同组成了黄颡鱼毒棘装置。毒棘骨骼宏观结构表明,黄颡鱼的背鳍和胸鳍毒棘均具有贯穿全棘骨的中央管和包围棘骨的皮膜;背鳍棘骨细长、锥形,且轻微拱起,顶部骤尖,后缘为弱锯齿;胸鳍棘骨前后缘均有锯齿,但后缘为强锯齿。背鳍和胸鳍毒棘基部结构的髁突形状、大小、位置全然不同。微观结构显示,皮膜中的毒腺细胞聚集成层,位于鳞状上皮与色素层之间,未见导管与之相连,背鳍和胸鳍毒棘的分支性骨管中均未发现毒腺细胞。胸鳍和背鳍锁紧装置可让毒棘保持倒伏或者直立的锁定状态,降低猎物挣脱几率。本研究可深入了解黄颡鱼的毒棘结构和特征,增强人们对刺毒鱼类的认知,同时为淡水刺毒鱼类深入研究奠定基础。     

基于离散元法的茶叶抖筛机结构参数优化与试验

茶叶抖筛机是茶叶精加工的关键装备,传统抖筛装备主要通过经验设计,筛分性能较差,主要表现在筛净率较低、误筛率较高。该研究结合抖筛机的筛分原理,运用solidworks构建虚拟样机,利用EDEM软件建立茶叶颗粒离散元仿真模型,通过单因素仿真试验对茶叶颗粒进行动力学分析,结果表明,连杆长度、曲柄半径和筛面倾角是茶叶抖筛机筛分性能的主要影响因素。以筛净率、误筛率为评价指标,设计三因素三水平二次旋转正交试验,并运用Design-Expert软件对试验数据进行回归分析,当连杆长度为1 977 mm、曲柄半径为25 mm、筛面倾角为2.8 °时,茶叶筛净率为94.5%、误筛率为4.61%,筛分性能最优。以最优结构参数进行验证试验,筛净率为93.8%,误筛率为4.73%,生产效率为319kg/h,较优化前筛净率提高3.42%,误筛率降低7.62%,生产效率提高8.87%。该研究结果可为茶叶筛分装备的优化提供理论依据。     

影响蒙牛低温酸奶消费行为的因素分析

在现代经济社会中,每个企业都需要树立自己的品牌,而树立自身品牌首先要了解目标顾客,分析目标顾客,从而拿出更好的服务与产品来服务目标顾客,所以对消费者的行为研究至关重要。以回龙观地区为例,以蒙牛低温酸奶为切入点,研究居民对低温酸奶消费行为的影响因素,对了解国内低温酸奶市场,促进国内低温乳业健康发展具有一定的作用。