Leucine markedly regulates pancreatic exocrine secretion in goats

Four goats (30.1 ± 1.3 kg) with common bile duct re‐entrant catheter and duodenal catheter were used to evaluate the effects of duodenal leucine infusion on pancreatic exocrine secretion and plasma parameters with two 4 × 4 Latin square design experiments. In the long‐term infusion experiment, goats were fed twice daily [700 g/day, dry matter (DM) basis] at 8:00 and 18:00 hours and were duodenally infused with 0, 3, 6, 9 g/day leucine for 14 days. Pancreatic juice and jugular blood samples were collected over 1‐h intervals for 6 h daily from d 11 to 14 days to encompass a 24‐h day. In the short‐term experiment, goats were infused leucine for 10 h continuously at the same infusion rate with Experiment 1 after feed deprivation for 24 h repeated every 10 days. Pancreatic juice and blood samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 h of infusion. The results showed that the long‐term leucine infusion did not affect pancreatic juice secretion, protein output, trypsin and lipase secretion and plasma insulin concentration, but linearly increased α‐amylase secretion. No changes in pancreatic protein and lipase secretion were observed in the short‐term infusion. Pancreatic juice and α‐amylase secretion responded quadratically, with the greatest values observed in the 3 and 6 g/day leucine respectively. Trypsin secretion linearly decreased, while plasma insulin concentration increased linearly with increased leucine infusion. The results demonstrated that duodenal leucine infusion dose and time dependently regulated pancreatic enzyme secretion not associated with the change in plasma insulin concentration.     

上蔟环境影响桑蚕茧解舒的机理及提高蚕茧解舒率的研究

通过对上蔟环境与蚕茧解舒及茧丝质的关系、茧层丝胶的胶凝特性与胶粘功能的关系的系统研究,解明了上蔟环境蚕茧解舒的机理。通过提高蚕茧解舒率的农村生产试验,验证了蚕茧解舒理论,取得较大经济效益。     

新疆南疆地区部分集约化肉牛繁育场主要临床病症和生物安全调查

近年来,新疆南疆地区开始引进国外安格斯肉牛养殖。为了解该地区集约化安格斯肉牛繁育场的主要疫病流行现状和存在的生物安全问题,采用现场调查、问卷调查和实验室检测相结合的方式,对新疆喀什地区4个大中型集约化安格斯肉牛繁育场进行了调查。结果显示：4个牧场安格斯肉牛表现的临床症状主要是腹泻,其次是肺炎;导致犊牛腹泻的病毒性病原主要是牛冠状病毒（BCV）、牛诺如病毒（BNoV）,阳性检出率分别为19.93%、15.20%,导致肺炎的主要是牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒（IBRV）、牛腺病毒3型（BAV-3）,阳性检出率分别为28.24%、14.12%。4个牧场在防疫设施设备建设、消毒制度落实、人流物流管控、规章制度建设以及饲养管理、鼠害蝇害防控和无害化处理等生物安全方面均存在不同程度的隐患。结果提示,南疆地区安格斯肉牛繁育场要加强BCV、BNoV、IBRV、BAV-3等病毒感染的防控,通过加强免疫,降低牛群腹泻和肺炎的发病率,通过严格生物安全控制,防止外部病原传入。本调查为南疆地区国外引进安格斯肉牛的动物疫病防控提供了依据。     

Frequency distribution of sensitivity of Ustilaginoidea virens to four EBI fungicides, prochloraz, difenoconazole, propiconazole and tebuconazole, and their efficacy in controlling rice false smut in Anhui Province of China

False smut, caused by Ustilaginoidea virens, is an important emerging disease of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in China. Up to now, as most varieties with high yielding and good quality are susceptible or even highly susceptible to false smut in most rice-growing ecological regions, especially in Anhui Province, chemical control with fungicides would be an important measure for the control of this disease. The ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor (EBI) fungicides, such as prochloraz, difenoconazole, propiconazole and tebuconazole, are extensively used in China for the control of rice diseases, such as rice sheath blight and rice blast. In this study, a total of 102 U. virens isolates (from Anhui Province of China) were tested for their sensitivity to these four EBI fungicides during the stage of mycelial growth. The EC₅₀ ranges of values for prochloraz, difenoconazole, propiconazole and tebuconazole inhibiting mycelial growth of the 102 U. virens isolates were 0.04–0.75, 0.04–1.08, 0.04–0.38 and 0.03–0.57 μg?ml^?1, with the average EC₅₀ values of 0.32?±?0.08, 0.45?±?0.08, 0.19?±?0.03 and 0.21?±?0.06 μg?ml^?1, respectively. These values suggested that the tested U. virens isolates were very sensitive to these four EBI fungicides. Results of field trials showed that two sprays of three of the fungicides exhibited greater control efficacy than a single spray for the control of rice false smut. Two sprays of each was better than a single spray for the control of rice sheath blight. Two sprays of 50% propiconazole EC at 300 g a.i. ha^?1 gave the best control of rice false smut at both two sites during the two consecutive years, 2010 and 2011, with the control efficacy ranging from 71.5 to 74.3%. Sensitivity of the field U. virens isolates to EBI fungicides should be monitored. Mixtures, as well as alternation with other fungicides with different modes of action, should be tested.     

黄土丘陵区不同土地类型下土壤养分特征—基于生态化学计量学

为探讨黄土丘陵区不同土地类型下土壤有机碳（SOC）、全氮（TN）、全磷（TP）含量特征,本研究以黄土丘陵区典型小麦地、云杉林地、苜蓿地为对象,基于实测数据,采用方差、相关统计分析,研究不同土地类型、不同土层深度（0~10 cm、10~20 cm、20~40 cm、40~60 cm、60~80 cm、80~100 cm）土壤SOC、TN、TP含量及其化学计量比。结果表明：3种不同土地类型土壤SOC、TN和TP含量均随土层深度增加而降低,其平均含量分别为12.19、0.33和0.48 g·kg^-1,小麦地和苜蓿地土壤SOC、TN和TP空间变异性较云杉林地偏大。SOC、TN含量为云杉林地>小麦地>苜蓿地,TP含量为云杉林地>苜蓿地>小麦地。土壤SOC、TN和TP间均存在显著正相关关系。小麦地C/P显著（P<0.05）高出苜蓿地41.96%,N/P显著高出云杉林地、苜蓿地28.57%、36.19%。3种不同土地类型土壤化学计量比（C/N、C/P、N/P）均值分别为：39.61、31.53、0.83,且其C/N大于中国平均值（12.3）,C/P、N/P较全国平均值（61.0、5.2）明显偏小,黄土丘陵区C/N较稳定。土地类型对土壤C、N、P含量及其化学计量比存在不同程度的影响,合理调整土地利用结构有助于土壤养分的存留,有利于土壤生态的恢复。     

白藜芦醇和褪黑素对绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞转染及卵母细胞体外成熟的影响

试验旨在利用白藜芦醇(Re)和褪黑素(MT)提高绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞电穿孔转染(电转)效率、优化卵母细胞体外成熟体系,以提高转基因动物生产效率。将绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞分为6组:对照组、添加白藜芦醇高、中、低(R^-5、R^-6、R^-7)3种浓度组及白藜芦醇和褪黑素联合添加组(R^-5M^-5、R^-6M^-7),通过电转效率和细胞凋亡情况确定电转体系优化方案;通过对细胞周期、线粒体膜电位及活性氧(ROS)的检测研究其作用机制。将绵羊卵母细胞分为对照组及白藜芦醇和褪黑素(R^-5M^-5、R^-6M^-7)联合添加组,通过绵羊卵母细胞体外成熟后卵丘细胞扩展、第一极体排出及体外受精胚胎的卵裂率检测其对卵母细胞体外成熟的作用。研究结果显示,分离的绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞P3代增殖旺盛,细胞生长曲线呈典型的S型;与对照组相比,所有试验组胎儿成纤维细胞的电转效率均显著提高(P<0.05),R^-5M^-5组电转效率最高;R^-6M^-7组显著降低细胞凋亡率(P<0.05),R^-5、R^-6、R^-5M^-5和R^-6M^-7组均显著促进细胞增殖(P<0.05);R^-6、R^-7、R^-5M^-5和R^-6M^-7组G1期细胞增加,S期细胞相对减少,但差异均不显著(P>0.05);R^-6、R^-7、R^-5M^-5和R^-6M^-7组成纤维细胞内ROS水平均显著降低(P<0.05),R^-6、R^-5M^-5和R^-6M^-7组线粒体膜电位均显著增加(P<0.05);R^-6M^-7组显著促进绵羊卵丘细胞扩展、提高卵母细胞第一极体排出率和体外受精胚胎发育能力(P<0.05)。综上,白藜芦醇和褪黑素可以优化绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞电转体系,提高卵母细胞体外成熟效率,为白藜芦醇和褪黑素在转基因动物生产中的应用提供参考依据。     

五节芒的分化类型及生产性状的比较研究

通过长期的引种栽培,发现五节芒分化出宽叶和窄叶类型。经对形态特征、生产性状的比较研究,证明两个类型差异显著,性状稳定。还证明,宽叶类型的生产性状明显优于窄叶类型。