不同收获期对全株玉米青贮营养价值、发酵品质和瘤胃降解率的影响

本试验旨在研究不同收获期对全株玉米青贮营养价值、发酵品质和瘤胃降解率的影响。试验抽样采集山东省44个区县130个养殖场130份全株玉米青贮饲料样品,按照收获时玉米籽粒的乳线位置,共分为1/2乳线、2/3乳线和3/4乳线3个时期,样品数量分别为40、60和30份,测定其营养价值、发酵品质和瘤胃降解率。结果表明:1)随着收获期的延迟,全株玉米青贮的干物质(DM)含量显著增加(P<0.05),粗灰分(Ash)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。1/2乳线期全株玉米青贮的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)含量显著高于2/3乳线期和3/4乳线期(P<0.05)。2)随着收获期的延迟,全株玉米青贮的淀粉(CB1)含量显著增加(P<0.05)。1/2乳线期全株玉米青贮的总碳水化合物(CHO)、可溶性糖(CA)含量显著低于3/4乳线期(P<0.05),1/2乳线期全株玉米青贮的不可利用纤维(CC)和可利用中性洗涤纤维(CB3)含量显著高于2/3乳线期和3/4乳线期(P<0.05)。3)随着收获期的延迟,全株玉米青贮的发酵系数和费氏评分显著增加(P<0.05)。1/2乳线期和2/3乳线期全株玉米青贮的乳酸含量显著高于3/4乳线期(P<0.05),1/2乳线期全株玉米青贮的的丙酸含量显著高于2/3乳线期和3/4乳线期(P<0.05)。4)随着收获期的延迟,全株玉米青贮的总可消化养分含量及消化能、代谢能均显著增加(P<0.05)。1/2乳线期全株玉米青贮的维持净能、增重净能和泌乳净能显著低于2/3乳线期和3/4乳线期(P<0.05)。5)1/2乳线期和2/3乳线期全株玉米青贮的24和48h的干物质降解率显著低于3/4乳线期(P<0.05)。综上所述,收获期为3/4乳线期时,全株玉米青贮的营养价值和发酵品质最优。     

氮、磷、钾配合施肥对紫花苜蓿产草量的影响

配合施肥是充分发挥紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）植株生长潜能、提高其饲草产量的有效手段,为探索山东农区紫花苜蓿栽培的最佳施肥组合,在山东省齐河县畜牧科技示范园,采用三因子三水平正交试验设计,研究氮、磷、钾不同水平组合对紫花苜蓿饲草产量的影响。结果表明,氮肥和钾肥对紫花苜蓿饲草产量影响不显著（P>0.05）,磷肥能显著提高紫花苜蓿饲草产量（P<0.05）。互作效应分析显示,氮肥和磷肥的互作效应对第1茬草、第2茬草和总产草量的影响显著,与低水平的氮肥配施,磷肥增产的效果明显。从总产草量看,在试验条件下,N、P2O5和K2O施用量为60、90和100 kg·hm-2的组合获得的饲草产量最高,是试验点最佳的施肥组合。     

猪“高热病”发病情况与影响因子相关性分析

采用χ2检验方法对猪＂高热病＂发病情况与可能的影响因子进行相关性分析。结果表明猪场发病与猪场场址、场内布局、设施设备等因子无明显相关性（P〉0.05）;哺乳仔猪群和保育猪群发病率与猪场的环境控制、生物安全、疫苗接种、营养保健呈极显著负相关（P〈0.01）;育肥猪群与生物安全和疫苗接种呈极显著负相关（P〈0.01）,与环境控制呈显著负相关（0.05     

Evaluating the impact of excess dietary tryptophan on laying performance and immune function of laying hens reared under hot and humid summer conditions

1. Tryptophan (Trp), besides its role as an essential amino acid in protein synthesis, may also have other important effects on laying hens under summer conditions.

2. Babcock Brown layers (n?=?768), 40 weeks of age, were allocated to 4 treatment groups, each of which included 6 replicates of 32 hens. Each group received the same basal diet, formulated with maize and soybean meal, for 8 weeks. Hens were fed on the basal diet with 0·0, 0·2, 0·4, and 0·8?g/kg L-Trp to achieve dietary concentrations of 1·7, 1·9?g/kg, 2·1?g/kg or 2·5?g/kg of Trp, respectively.

3. Supplementing L-Trp had no affect on laying performance. Adding 0·2 or 0·4?g/kg L-Trp improved egg shell strength compared with those fed on the control diet. Serum albumin concentration increased at 0·4?g/kg compared with those receiving 0·0 or 0·8?g/kg Trp. The addition of Trp at 0·4?g/kg increased serum IgM concentration quadratically. Serum superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) increased linearly and quadratically at 0·4?g/kg.

4. In conclusion, we suggest that 0·2 to 0·4?g/kg Trp may have beneficial effects on laying hens under conditions of high temperature and humidity.     

中国饲料企业跨越式发展战略(3)

1.2.9第九大策略——高端思维文化境界决定思维,思维决定方法,方法决定成败,成败决定命运。习惯于低端思维的人确立发展方向与目标时,容易受现有条件的局限,经常说“做不到”;他们恪守保守的信条,有多少钱做多大事,或只做熟悉的事情。当面临商机时,如果自己的资源不足,或是不熟     

单播与混播下紫花苜蓿与无芒雀麦生物量对氮肥的响应

禾本科与豆科牧草的混播,是人工草地建植的最主要方式之一,研究氮肥对豆禾混播草地影响对维持混播草地的持续稳定生产具有重要意义。试验在温室栽培条件下研究了3个氮肥梯度(0,75,150 kg N/hm²,记作N₀,N₇₅,N₁₅₀)对无芒雀麦单播,紫花苜蓿单播以及它们混播(分别记作G-G,L-L,G-L)生物量的影响。研究结果表明,1)在单播时,无芒雀麦对氮肥的响应较敏感,施入氮肥显著地提高无芒雀麦的生物量(P<0.05),而对紫花苜蓿的生物量无显著影响(P>0.05)。在混播时,无芒雀麦对有效氮的竞争胜过紫花苜蓿,施氮能显著地增加混播中无芒雀麦牧草的生物量(P<0.05),间接地抑制了紫花苜蓿生物量的发展。2)无芒雀麦和紫花苜蓿混播的总生物量介于它们单播时生物量之间,却高于它们单播时生物量的平均值。3)无芒雀麦单株地上生物量在混播时显著高于单播(P<0.05)。相反,紫花苜蓿的单株地上生物量单播显著高于混播(P<0.05)。这说明在混播系统中,无芒雀麦混播效应表现为积极的促进作用,紫花苜蓿混播效应表现为消极的抑制作用。4)在无芒雀麦和紫花苜蓿的混播中,无芒雀麦和紫花苜蓿的生长处于动态的消长中,这种变化通过土壤无机氮的水平来调控。     

加酶预消化饲料对断奶仔猪生长和养分表观消化率的影响

为研究体外加酶预消化饲料对断奶仔猪生长与养分消化率的影响,选用28日龄断奶杜长大仔猪80头,按试验要求随机分为4组,每组2个重复,每个重复10头,分别饲喂基础饲粮颗粒料(Ⅰ组)、基础饲粮预消化颗粒料(Ⅱ组)、普通加酶饲粮颗粒料(Ⅲ组)、加酶预消化饲粮颗粒料(Ⅳ组),预试期7 d,正试期28 d.结果表明,Ⅳ组仔猪日增体质量(P<0.05)和饲料转化率(P<0.05)显著高于Ⅰ和Ⅱ组,腹泻率极显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组(P<0.01);Ⅳ组仔猪能量和钙表观消化率均高于Ⅰ和Ⅱ组(P<0.05),但与Ⅲ组比较差异不显著(P>0.05);Ⅳ组仔猪磷表观消化率显著高于Ⅲ组(P<0.05)、Ⅰ和Ⅱ组(P<0.01),Ⅳ组粗蛋白表观消化率虽略有提升,但与其它3组相比差异不显著.加酶预消化饲料可提高断奶仔猪对饲料养分的消化,进而促进其生长.     

赤羽病病毒的纯化及其单克隆抗体的制备

将人工繁殖、纯化的赤羽病病毒作为免疫原,通过常规杂交瘤技术,制备亲和性强、特异性好的小鼠抗赤羽病病毒单克隆抗体,并进行相应的纯化和标记工作。以澳大利亚进口的试剂盒进行验证,结果证明:进口单抗与我们制备的AAK纯品及AAK-HRP显示同样结果;且质控结果表明,AAK纯品及其衍生物AAK-HRP的特异性和亲和性均基本满足进行封闭ELISA检测方法的要求,为制备国产化ELISA试剂盒提供了基础。     

Effects of linseed oil and palm oil on growth performance,tibia fatty acid and biomarkers of bone metabolism in broilers

1. This study was conducted to determine the effects of different dietary fat sources on growth performance, tibia fatty acids and biomarkers of bone metabolism in broilers.

2. One-d-old commercial Arbor Acres broilers were fed with a maize–soya bean basal diet for 42 d, supplemented with oils according to the following 5 treatments: lard (lard group); linseed oil (linseed oil group); palm oil (palm oil group); linseed oil + palm oil (60:40 or 40:60 w/w, LP-1 group and LP-2 group, respectively).

3. No significant differences in weight gain, feed intake and gain/feed ratio were observed between the lard and linseed oil groups. Birds fed on palm oil had significantly greater weight gain and feed intake than those fed on lard or linseed oil. Growth performance in LP-1 and LP-2 was significantly greater than that of single-oil groups.

4. Tibia growth and bone characteristics were not influenced by supplementation with lard, linseed oil, or palm oil alone, but broilers fed on a mixture of fats had significantly greater tibia weight and length compared to broilers fed on linseed oil. Bone mineral density in tibia was significantly increased in LP-1 and LP-2 groups.

5. Supplementation of linseed oil alone or in combination with palm oil enhanced apparent digestibility of calcium, reduced serum calcium and increased tibia calcium concentrations. Moreover, supplementation with linseed oil alone or in combination with palm oil had a positive effect on biomarkers of bone growth.

6. The combination of linseed and palm oils was beneficial for growth performance, tibia growth and biomarkers of bone metabolism.