Profiles of Fatty Acids in Different Bone Structures of Growing Chicks

This study was concerned with the dynamics of fatty acids in tissues involved in the growth and mineralization of the femur of Starbro chicks from 1 to 50 days of age. Four chickens that died of suffocation were obtained each day. Altogether, 400 femoral bones were studied in five age groups (I–V). Compact bone, spongy bone and articular cartilage were sampled. Lipids were extracted according to Folch and fatty acids were separated using gas chromatography. The fatty acid profile was found to change with age. Fatty acids with the highest content in bone were C_18:1, C_16:0, C_18:2 and C_18:0. The highest content of fatty acids was found in spongy bone and the lowest in articular cartilage. Several correlations were revealed between individual fatty acids. The following conclusions were drawn. (1) Fatty acid profiles in compact bone, spongy bone and articular cartilage change with age of chicks. (2) Oleic (C_18:1), palmitic (C_16:0), linoleic (C_18:2), stearic (C_18:0) and arachidonic (C_20:4) acids accounted for most of the fatty acid pool. (3) Correlations in the content of fatty acids were noted between bone structures.     

Pathogenicity of Vietnamese enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains in colostrum-deprived one-day-old piglets

Preweaning colibacillosis is a major cause of economic loss to the swine industry in Vietnam. The aim of this study was to examine the enteropathogenicity of representative enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains obtained during an earlier epidemiologic survey conducted in five provinces in North Vietnam. This included isolates belonging to serotype O8 that produced heat-stable and heat-labile enterotoxins but did not produce any of the recognized fimbriae (F4, F5, F6, F41, F18). In vitro hemagglutination (unique mannose-resistant hemagglutination activity with guinea pig, sheep, human, and chicken red blood cells at 37 degrees C, but not at 18 degrees C) and enterocyte brush border attachment assays suggested that the F- ETEC strains produced an unidentified colonization factor that promoted adherence to the intestinal epithelium. Colostrum-deprived 1-day-old piglets challenged with an F- strain (1-2 x 10(9) bacteria) developed acute watery diarrhea within 4 hours of inoculation and suffered up to 20% weight loss, with comparable severity to piglets challenged with conventional F4 and F5 strains. At necropsy, viable counts and histopathologic examination of intestinal sections demonstrated colonization of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum by F4-positive strains. In comparison, the F- and F5-positive strains attached exclusively to the ileum. Transmission electron micrographs of negatively stained F- cells grown at 37 degrees C demonstrated the presence of fimbriae. These results confirm the presence of a potentially new pathogenic ETEC fimbrial type in piggeries in Vietnam, with a unique hemagglutination property and attachment characteristics similar to ETEC bearing F5 fimbriae.     

Effects of Vitamin E with Different Levels or Sources of Dietary Lipid on the Growth and Expression of Inflammatory,Oxidative Stress,and Apoptotic Genes in the Head Kidney of Olive Flounder,Paralichthys olivaceus

This study has assessed the effects of vitamin E (?E, +LE, +HE; 0, 100, 1000 mg/kg, respectively) in fish diets containing high levels (HL; 10%) of fish oil (FO) or mixed vegetable oils (VO) on the growth and inflammatory, oxidative stress, and apoptotic gene expression in the head kidney of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Consequently, the highest weight gain was achieved in the FO group and the lowest in the HL‐VO + LE group. The gene expression levels of each group were compared to the 5% FO group. The 5% VO group showed higher expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, and scinderin‐like (ScinL) genes. Although lysozyme gene expression was higher in the HL‐VO + LE group, the other gene expression levels of the HL‐FO/VO + LE groups were not different from those of the FO group. The HL‐FO/VO?E/+HE groups showed a higher TNFα gene expression, but the cytochrome oxidase subunit III gene expression was higher in the HL‐FO?E and HL‐VO + HE groups. Lysozyme gene expression was higher in the HL‐FO?E and HL‐VO?E/+HE groups. IL‐6 and ScinL gene expression were higher in the HL‐VO‐E and HL‐VO + HE groups, respectively. In conclusion, mixed VO and too high or too low vitamin E levels in fish diets may affect inflammatory, oxidative stress, and apoptotic gene expression in the head kidney of olive flounder.     

Quantitative determination of 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids by chiral liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in a murine atopic dermatitis model

Atopic dermatitis, one of the most important skin diseases, is characterized by both skin barrier impairment and immunological abnormalities. Although several studies have demonstrated the significant relationship between atopic dermatitis and immunological abnormalities, the role of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE) in atopic dermatitis remains unknown. To develop chiral methods for characterization of 12-HETE enantiomers in a 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis mouse model and evaluate the effects of 12-HETE on atopic dermatitis, BALB/c mice were treated with either DNCB or acetone/olive oil (AOO) to induce atopic dermatitis, after which 12(R)- and 12(S)-HETEs in the plasma, skin, spleen, and lymph nodes were quantified by chiral liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. 12(R)- and 12(S)-HETEs in biological samples of DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis mice increased significantly compared with the AOO group, reflecting the involvement of 12(R)- and 12(S)-HETEs in atopic dermatitis. These findings indicate that 12(R)- and 12(S)-HETEs could be a useful guide for understanding the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.     

Quantitative HPLC analysis of acids in Brazilian cachaças and various spirits using fluorescence detection of their 9-anthrylmethyl esters

An analytical procedure for the separation and quantification of 17 short-chain, medium-chain, and long-chain acids in cacha?as and various spirits has been developed involving C18 solid phase extraction, derivatization with 9-anthryldiazomethane, and reverse phase HPLC using fluorescence detection. The limit of detection was between 5 and 15 fmol, whereas the recovery of nonanoic acid as internal standard was >95%. Relative standard deviation values for reproducibility were between 0.09 and 20.4%, and repeatability was between 0.05 and 11.3%.     

3维图像处理系统在稻米品质检测中的应用研究

利用微切片3维图像处理系统对稻米的品质特性进行了探索性的研究。结果表明，借助于3维可视化技术，可以对稻谷的外观品质、营养品质及蒸煮品质等进行更为直观且客观的观察与测定。尤其是在营养成分分布密度的评价、心白米内部组织的分析、蒸煮过程中组织结构变化的观测等方面，取得了传统研究方法难以获得的结果。利用该系统对垩白度的定量化测定，为食品的定量形态学研究开辟了一条新的研究途径。     

Molecular evidence of genetic diversity changes in pea (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pisum sativum</Emphasis> L.) germplasm after long-term maintenance

Maintaining germplasm genetic integrity is a key objective of long-term ex situ conservation. Periodic regeneration, performed on limited plots with small number of individuals, increases the risk of genetic drift and genetic diversity changes. In this study, six accessions of white flowered, dry seed pea varieties (Pisum sativum L. subsp. sativum var. sativum): Bohatyr, Klatovsky zeleny, Hanák, Moravsky hrotovicky krajovy, Raman and Viktoria-75 and four accessions of colour flowered, fodder pea (P. sativum subsp. sativum var. arvense (L.) Poiret: Arvika, Česky banán, Moravská krajová and Niké, representing Czechoslovak varieties and landraces, bred over the last 40–80 years, were analyzed using ten microsatellite locus specific markers. Each accession was represented by 20 individual seeds of two temporally different samples, spanning the period of 20 or 40 years. Together with intra-accession variation (except of cv. Hanák), evidence of genetic changes, e.g. differences in allele frequencies as well as genetic composition of sample, was detected in six out of ten accessions (Arvika, Bohatyr, Česky banán, Moravsky hrotovicky krajovy, Moravská krajová and Raman). Evidence of genetic erosion was found in three accessions (Česky banán, Moravsky hrotovicky krajovy and Raman), while in another three (Arvika, Bohatyr and Moravská krajová) the level of diversity was found to have increased. Moreover in three samples of Bohatyr (2004) and Klatovsky zeleny (1963 and 2004), low levels of heterozygosity was detected. These results demonstrate that in pea, a self-pollinating and highly homozygous plant, the danger of the loss of genetic integrity exists. These findings are significant for long-term ex situ germplasm management.     

Water loss regulation in mature Hevea brasiliensis: effects of intermittent drought in the rainy season and hydraulic regulation

Effects of soil and atmospheric drought on whole-tree transpiration (E(T)), leaf water potential (Ψ(L)) and whole-tree hydraulic conductance (K(T)) were investigated in mature rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis, clone RRIM 600) during the full canopy stage in the rainy season in a drought-prone area of northeast Thailand. Under well-watered soil conditions, transpiration was tightly regulated in response to high evaporative demand, i.e., above reference evapotranspiration (ET(0)) ~2.2 mm day(-1) or maximum vapor pressure deficit ~1.8 kPa. When the trees experienced intermittent soil drought E(T) decreased sharply when relative extractable water in the top soil was?相似文献