不同品种水稻甲醇提取物对褐稻虱行为的影响

以水稻褐稻虱抗性品种IR3。和感性品种TNI为材料，研究其分蘖期甲醇提取物对褐稻虱成虫的行为影响，为应用抗性次生物质为标记培育抗褐稻虱新品种提供理论基础．结果表明，处理48h后，TNI植株喷IR36提取物与喷清水的处理定向选择率分别是14．00％，26．67％，产卵量分别为16．0，52．2粒，蜜露量分泌分别为5．7，33.3mg，虫体重变化率分别是-22.2％，166．7％；抗性品种IR36植株喷TNI提取物与喷清水的处理定向选择率分别为5．33％，1．20％，产卵量分别是24．4，0粒，蜜露量分泌分别为13.4，3．5mg，虫体重变化率分别是77．8％，-22．2％，说明抗性品种IR3。提取物对褐稻虱成虫的定向选择、产卵选择和取食等行为有抑制作用，感性品种TNI提取物有促进作用．     

Occurrence of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phaeoacremonium</Emphasis> spp. and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phaeomoniella chlamydospora</Emphasis> in grape propagation materials and young grapevines

During a 6-year study, grapevine propagation materials and young grapevines were analysed to evaluate the presence of internal wood discolouration and the occurrence of fungal species involved in Petri disease. The intensity of wood discolouration increased with the ageing of the plants. The maximum incidence of dark streaks was observed in the rootstock while necrosis originating from buds or nodes were notably present in the trunk and cordon of older vines. In contrast, the highest levels of brown-red halo symptoms, defined as discoloured areas around the pith, were recorded in the early growth stages. Phaeoacremonium spp. and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora were usually isolated from the rooted-grafts and the 3-year old plants, respectively. The number of infected grapevines increased with age. Most of the P. chlamydospora strains were isolated from dark streaks or dots, while Phaeoacremonium spp. were detected in brown-red halo symptoms and other symptomatic or asymptomatic wood. The greatest incidence of the two fungal taxa was recorded in the lower parts of the grapevine, including the roots and rootstock.     

Ultrasonographic comparison of adhesions induced by two different methods of gastropexy in the dog

Ultrasonography was used to compare adhesions induced by two different methods of gastropexy in 16 dogs. An incisional gastropexy technique was used in eight dogs (group 1) and a 'modified' gastropexy technique in the remaining eight (group 2). The length and thickness of the gastropexy and the peristaltic activity of the stomach were measured ultrasonographically and compared between groups. Measurements for the two groups were taken in the early postoperative interval (two to four days), intermediate postoperative interval (eight to 20 days) and late postoperative interval (57 to 79 days). Both techniques were equally successful in forming permanent adhesions at two months postoperatively and there was no recurrence of gastric dilatation and volvulus. The length and thickness of the gastropexy were similar for both groups at two months postoperatively and there were no surgical complications with either technique. The modified gastropexy provides a technique that can easily be performed by a single surgeon , with no increased operative time or duration of anaesthesia, and with the formation of a permanent adhesion.     

The use of a nerve stimulation test to confirm sacrococcygeal epidural needle placement in cats

ObjectiveTo determine if a nerve stimulation test (NST) could act as a monitoring technique to confirm sacrococcygeal epidural needle placement in cats.Study designProspective experimental trial in a clinical setting.AnimalsTwenty-four adult cats, scheduled for a therapeutic procedure where epidural anesthesia was indicated.MethodsUnder general anesthesia, an insulated needle was inserted through the S₃-Cd₁ intervertebral space guided by the application of a fixed electrical current (0.7 mA) until a motor response was obtained. The NST was considered positive when the epidural nerve stimulation produced a motor response of the muscles of the tail, whereas it was considered negative when no motor response was evoked. In the NST positive cases, 0.3 mL kg⁻¹ of 0.5% bupivacaine was administrated before needle withdrawal. Ten minutes after injection, epidural blockade was confirmed by the loss of perineal (anal), and pelvic limbs reflexes (patellar and withdrawal).ResultsThe use of a fixed electrical stimulation current of 0.7 mA resulted in correct prediction of sacrococcygeal epidural injection, corroborated by post bupivacaine loss of perineal and pelvic limb reflexes, in 95.8% of the cases.Conclusion and clinical relevanceThis study demonstrates the feasibility of using, in a clinical setting, an electrical stimulation test as an objective and in real-time method to confirm sacrococcygeal epidural needle placement in cats.     

Tick-borne encephalitis epidemic in Hungary 1951–2021: The story and lessons learned

The authors analysed epidemiological data of the Hungarian tick-borne encephalitis epidemic from the past seven decades. A total of 911 meningitis serosa cases were described from 1930-1950 s by local hospital physicians, indicating that the virus had been present in the country decades before its official identification in 1952. The virus spread freely in the 1950s–1960s, occupying almost all habitats where ticks occurred in large numbers. The increasing number of cases drove authorities to classify this illness as a notifiable disease in 1977 and to organize the first measures to stop the epidemic. Statistical analysis revealed that the large-scale vaccination launched from the 1990s was responsible for the sharp decrease in the number of human cases from 1997. A significant negative correlation was found between the number of vaccine doses sold and human cases 6 years later. The TBEV endemic area covers 16.57% of the territory and 16.65% of the population of the country. In the last 10 years, 186,000 vaccine doses/year in average were enough to keep the incidence of human TBEV infections between 0.45 and 0.06/100,000 persons. A 20-year-long study found evidence for easing clinical signs in TBEV-infected hospitalized patients. Statistics found a sharp decrease in the number of samples sent for TBEV diagnosis after 1989. Male dominance of patients was characteristic of the epidemics since the 1940s, but now analysis of detailed data from the 1981–2021 period (60.5%–87.5%) proved the statistical significance of this dominance. Obviously, the voluntary vaccination programme was the tool which broke the spread of the epidemic. Widespread public awareness of the disease and the tick vector, probable evolutionary spread of less pathogenic virus strains supplemented with the vaccination campaign led to a negligible level of human TBE cases in Hungary in the last years.     

Long-term Electrocardiography Recording with Holter Monitoring in 15 Donkeys

The heart rates (HR) and rhythms of 15 healthy donkeys of various ages, both sexes, and various breeds were analyzed throughout 24-hour Holter monitoring. The animals were evaluated at rest in their daily environment without the presence of investigators causing stress, using a three-channel digital Holter recorder. Analysis revealed a maximal HR range from 62.5 to 93.7 beats/min (mean, 72.50 ± 7.51 beats/min), whereas the minimal HR ranged from 29.7 to 42.2 beats/min (mean, 34.90 ± 4.22 beats/min). The daily mean HR was 47.55 ± 3.70 beats/min. The daytime mean HR was 49.39 ± 2.77 beats/min, whereas the night time rate was 46.22 ± 4.38 beats/min. Sinus bradycardia and sinus tachycardia were detected in 7 and 10 of 15 studied donkeys, respectively. Cardiac dysrhythmias due to high vagal tone such as sinoatrial heart block and second-degree atrioventricular heart block were occasionally recorded in 1 and 3 donkeys, respectively. A higher mean HR and fewer cardiac dysrhythmias were observed in donkeys than in horses and ponies at rest. These findings could be justified by differences in the autonomic nervous system tone.     

具有法律约束力的欧洲森林协议谈判进程

由于缔结具有法律约束力的森林公约对推动全球森林可持续经营目标的实现具有重要的意义, 联合国森林论坛谈判各方一直在进行着不懈的努力。面对国际森林公约谈判的困难, 欧洲各国开始了具有法律约束力的欧洲森林协议的相关谈判。文中简要总结国际森林问题的发展历程, 概述欧洲森林现状和谈判的背景, 并对具有法律约束力的欧洲森林协议的框架形成过程、政府间谈判委员会的4次谈判过程、2次欧洲森林问题专家组会议及其各方代表观点进行梳理, 指出未来的谈判走向。     

旺根技术培育的3种植物田间长势调查

陈新独创"旺根技术"能促使植物根系发达,移栽田间后保持强盛生长力,提前投产。测定儋州基地旺根技术培育的沉香、花梨木和斯里兰卡橄榄苗木的树高和地径等指标,结果表明,移栽1.5年的沉香和花梨木的平均地径分别达到(5.84±1.43)cm和(4.04±0.64)cm;而移栽2.5年的沉香、花梨木和斯里兰卡橄榄,平均地径分别为(12.10±1.89)cm,(9.37±1.05)cm和(15.26±3.18)cm,均已开花结果,且硕果累累。此外,旺根植物间隔3个月的平均地径增大明显,沉香为1.0 cm,花梨木为0.7 cm,斯里兰卡橄榄为1.44 cm,比传统苗木的生长速度提升数倍。该技术为作物超高产研究提供栽培依据。     

森林可持续经营环境友好型技术转让现状及建议

环境友好型技术转让作为实现全球可持续发展的重要手段之一, 在众多林业相关公约中均有谈及.文中介绍于目前与林业相关的技术转让渠道和现状, 分析技术转让中存在的障碍及改善措施, 讨论我国开展森林可持续经营技术转让的意义, 并对我国开展相关国际合作和进行政策规划提出具体建议.