抚州市林地利用现状、问题与对策研究

对抚州市林地现状、利用中存在的问题进行分析研究，提出加强林地保护管理，合理利用林地，提高林地利用效率的对策。     

月季种质鉴定和多样性分析

 利用RAPD 技术对28 个月季品种和2 个蔷薇品种进行了遗传多样性分析, 从145 个引物中筛选出12 个引物, 可以扩增出清晰、稳定和多态性高的产物。其中3 个引物从30 个材料中扩增出3 个品种特异的RAPD 分子标记, 并将其中的一个成功地转换成了SCAR 标记。利用筛选出的12 个引物扩增出的65 条多态性片段作了聚类分析, 对这些月季品种的亲缘关系和进化作了初步探讨。     

缓释肥对旱薄地花生产量及其性状的影响

研究了缓释复合肥对旱薄地花生产量及生长性状的影响.结果表明,与单施同等养分含量的复合肥相比,一次性单施缓释肥能有效促进花生后期生殖生长,提高花生结果数,增加百果重,但对花生营养生长的促进作用较小,增产效果不如普通三元复合肥.缓释肥与纯鸡粪(有机肥)配施效果好于复合肥与有机肥配施、单施复合肥和纯鸡粪,增产效果显著且种植效益好.因此缓释肥在旱薄地花生上应用,应坚持有机与无机相结合、培肥地力,确保花生前期营养生长,在建立足够"源"的基础上,充分发挥缓释肥对"库"的促进作用,提高花生单产.     

云南省绥江县竹产业可持续发展条件评价及前景分析

从云南省绥江县竹产业发展的实际出发,分别从区位、竹类资源、气候、土地、劳动力等方面评价了绥江县竹产业可持续发展所具备的条件,并提出了绥江县竹产业可持续发展的对策及前景。     

运用唯物辩证法的观点分析天然橡胶材料的改性

运用唯物辩证法的观点分析天然橡胶的改性。通过天然橡胶改性的实践活动，对唯物辩证法这一普遍适用于自然界的、内容极为丰富完整的科学体系作了进一步的说明。     

Influence of organic matter on the sorption of aromatic hydrocarbons by peat and chernozem

The interaction of water-soluble monoaromatic hydrocarbons with an organic matrix of chernozem and peat was studied. As a result of high levels of soil pollution by monoaromatic hydrocarbons, soil organic matter with the high sorption capacity actively adsorbs aromatic hydrocarbons. The hydrophobic properties of aromatic compounds determine the strength of the interactions between themselves and the soil organic matrix. The presence of lipids in the organic matter of chernozem decreases the sorption of aromatic hydrocarbons because of the blocking of hydrophobic centers of the soil humic substances.     

Interaction of the Mixture of Phenolic Acids with Modified Kaolinite under Batch and Dynamic Conditions

Phenolic acids play an important role in the formation of soil profiles, however their cooperative sorption by mineral phases under environmentally relevant concentrations is poorly studied. In the present work the sorption of an equimolar mixture of phenolic acids by kaolinite modified with amorphous aluminum hydroxide has been studied under both batch and continuous-flow conditions. It has been found that the sorption of gallic and protocatechuic acids containing OH groups in the ortho position exceeds the sorption of p-hydroxybenzoic and methoxylated acids (vanillic, syringic, and ferulic) by an order of magnitude. The study of sorption under dynamic (continuous-flow) conditions has shown the competition of acids for binding sites, while the active centers of kaolinite-Al(OH)_x are being occupied. The sorbed gallic acid displaces the other acids, which pass into solution in the following order: p-hydroxybenzoic acid > vanillic acid > syringic acid ? ferulic acid > protocatechuic acid. The revealed regularities indicate potentially important role of ortho-substituted hydroxybenzoic acids in the formation of soil organic matter, while p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, and syringic acids can be more important for the composition of soil solutions and natural waters.     

Effects of soil amendments, foliar sprayings of silicon and selenium and their combinations on the reduction of cadmium accumulation in rice

Agricultural soil contamination by cadmium (Cd) is becoming one of the most serious environmental issues and public concerns. In this study, factorial arrangements of treatments were designed to explore the effects of two soil amendments, sodium sulfide-biofuel ash (SSBA) and lime (0.1%), and three foliar applications, silicon (Si, 2.5 mmol L^-1), selenium (Se, 40 mg L^-1), and their combination (SS), on Cd reduction in rice (Oryza sativa L.) in a pot experiment, which were then verified in a field experiment. Compared with the control without amendment but with spraying of deionized water, both SSBA and lime significantly reduced concentrations of CaCl₂-extractable Cd in soil by 30%-39% and 31%-40% and Cd in brown rice by 44%-63% and 53%-72% in the pot and field experiments, respectively. Foliar Si, Se, and SS applications significantly reduced Cd accumulation in brown rice by 62%-64%, 72%-83%, and 39%-73%, respectively, increased rice grain yield, and improved antioxidant enzyme activities in rice leaves but with different trends in the pot and field experiments. Combinations of SSBA and lime with Si, Se, and SS had a non-significant synergistic effect on Cd reduction in brown rice compared to only foliar spraying or soil amendment in both pot and field experiments, although SSBA + Se and SSBA + Si reduced Cd concentration in brown rice by 16%-34% and 14%-24% compared to only foliar Si and Se and soil SSBA applications, respectively. Soil lime application and foliar Si spraying were the most cost-effective strategies to reduce Cd accumulation in brown rice in the field and pot experiments, respectively. Although soil amendments and foliar treatments were individually effective, their combinations failed to generate a significant synergistic reduction of Cd concentration in brown rice.