榆林沟流域水土资源开发利用研究

研究了黄河中游第 4期试点流域——榆林沟流域水土资源与环境优势、水土资源开发利用所存在的问题 ,提出了该流域水土资源开发利用途径 ,并通过措施的对位配置 ,对水土资源开发利用实际效果进行了分析     

Development of an indirect competitive ELISA for flumequine residues in raw milk using chicken egg yolk antibodies

To detect flumequine in raw milk, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed. By carbodiimide conjugation, flumequine was conjugated to cationized bovine serum albumin (cBSA-flumequine) and to cationized ovalbumin (cOVA-flumequine). For the immunization of chickens, cBSA-flumequine was used, which allowed the isolation of specific chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgY) for flumequine. As the coating antigen in the immunoassay, cOVA-flumequine was used. In the indirect competitive assay, standard flumequine was incubated together with the anti-flumequine antibodies. The antibody by which the lowest concentration of free flumequine that gives 50% inhibition of binding (IC50) was found in aqueous dilution was further tested for the applicability to detect flumequine in raw milk. An IC50 level in milk was reached that was about 5 times lower than in aqueous solution. So flumequine can be detected directly in raw milk at maximum residue level (50 microg/kg). No cross-reactivity was noticed with various related quinolones.     

长期免耕水稻田土壤的生物特征研究

对经过 10年半旱式免耕定位试验的水稻土主要微生物类群数量和微生物生物量的变化进行对比研究 ,结果表明 :实行半旱式厢作及垄作免耕法能够迅速地提高土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和速效氮、磷的水平 ;微生物数量和微生物生物量变化一般存在季节性规律 :春季高 ,夏季至夏末降低 ;各处理土体上层和下层 (0～ 7.5 cm,7.5～15 cm)的基本肥力特征及微生物特征无明显区别 ;免耕处理土壤 ,其微生物的季节性变幅较小 ,垄上或厢上土壤微生物生物量甚至表现反季节性 ,整个生长季节内稳中有升 ,有利于土壤有机物质的转化和土壤肥力的发挥     

不同雨强和坡度条件下紫色土养分流失规律研究

采用室内模拟降雨装置,研究了三峡库区紫色土在不同雨强和坡度条件下的养分流失规律。结果表明,紫色土坡面流失养分主要由径流和泥沙携带,其中径流养分含量与雨强和坡度无关,但与产流过程一致。泥沙中养分含量与雨强无关,但随坡度增加而降低;泥沙养分含量与产沙量过程无关,但其流失量与产沙量过程一致。泥沙中各养分含量略大于降雨前表土养分含量,远大于径流养分含量,但由于径流中以速效养分为主,故径流携带的养分流失量不容忽视。     

浅谈水土保持产业化经营的理论依据

水土保持产业化需要有坚实的理论来作指导。市场经济要求一切生产经营活动都要遵循市场经济理论 ,实行适应市场要求的产业化经营。水土保持产业化经营要用生态经济学理论作指导 ,使产业化建设和运行达到经济、生态和社会效益的持久统一。扩大经营主体的规模、实行产业群体内部各经济主体的联合 ,是实现水土保持产业化经营的两条重要途径     

Recovery of pigments from Origanum majorana L. by extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide

Extraction of pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids) from marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) with supercritical carbon dioxide was investigated. The aim of this study was to map the effects of extraction pressure and temperature on the yield of coloring materials by applying a 3(2) full factorial design with three repeated tests in the center of the design. For comparison, laboratory and pilot plant Soxhlet extractions were carried out using ethanol and n-hexane solvents. The compositions of pigments in marjoram extracts were determined by HPLC. Similar amounts of carotenoids, in addition to 40% of chlorophylls and their derivatives, were recovered from the supercritical fluid extraction, in comparison to the ethanol Soxhlet extraction.     

Use of reverse micelles for the simultaneous extraction of oil, proteins, and glucosinolates from cruciferous oilseeds

Cruciferous oilseeds are important sources of oil, proteins, and glucosinolates (GLs), potentially available when biorefinery processes are used. The proposed extraction technology is based on the use of reverse micelles (RMs) made with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) dispersed in organic solvent. The physicochemical properties of this extraction system and the good water solubility of many high value compounds, such as GLs and some proteins, permit the simultaneous extraction of oil, and these products from cruciferous oilseed meals. This procedure is based on three main steps: (i) seed conditioning; (ii) solid-liquid extraction by RM solution; and (iii) back-transfer of the RM solution for recovery of the extracted compounds. The method makes it possible to simultaneously extract almost the same amount of oil as with pure organic solvents used in the current extraction plants and more than 90% of soluble proteins and GLs. It is a promising biorefinery technology alternative to traditional oil extraction processes.     

信阳土壤锌的现状及杂交水稻施锌技术研究

信阳地区位于河南省南部,土壤类型有黄棕壤、黄褐土、潮土、水稻土等。通过土壤普查,发现全区土壤表层速效锌含量普遍偏低,土壤缺锌已成为限制作物产量和品质的重要障碍因素。1994～1996年我们在对信阳土壤锌的现状进行分析的基础上,对杂交水稻施锌技术作了系统试验,结果表明,杂交水稻锌肥耖口基施30～45kg／hm2和蘸秧根3～9kg／hm2增产效果十分显著。     

运用致病毒素筛选抗烟草黑胫病细胞突变体Ⅱ 抗毒素愈伤组织的再生植株及其后代的抗病性鉴定

用黑胫病粗毒素作为选择压力, 结合辐射诱变技术, 从烟草花粉植株叶片的愈伤组织中筛选出抗毒素的愈伤组织, 并对其再生植株及其 Ｍ２ 代进行抗病性鉴定、选育． 目前已获得６ 个高抗黑胫病的细胞突变株系, 且抗病性状表现稳定, 并建立了一套烤烟抗黑胫病突变体的筛选和鉴定体系． 研究结果表明, 在细胞水平上筛选抗病突变体是开发新抗源的有效途径．     

茶鲜叶摊放过程中脂质过氧化作用特点初探

对新鲜茶叶在摊放过程中的失水率、细胞膜透性、三种保护酶（ＳＯＤ,ＣＡＴ,ＰＯＤ）活性及脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量的变化及其相互关系进行了研究．结果表明,随着摊放时间的延长和叶片失水程度的增加,鲜叶内ＳＯＤ,ＣＡＴ活性先增强然后迅速减弱,ＰＯＤ活性则一直保持增强的趋势,叶片细胞膜透性和ＭＤＡ含量则不断上升．反映出茶鲜叶在摊放过程中脂质过氧化作用不断加剧,并且其增加速率与保护酶活性变化有一定相关,这在一定程度上意味着茶鲜叶适度摊放的化学实质与脂质过氧化作用有关