石家庄市园林绿地滞尘效益评估

为了评价石家庄城市园林绿地吸附空气中悬浮颗粒物,进而减少其对人体健康危害的影响,采用大气污染物干沉降通量模型和暴露—反应关系模型定量评估了2013年石家庄市园林植物吸附PM10与PM2.5总量及产生的健康效益。结果表明:石家庄市园林绿地吸附PM10的总量为13813.4 t/a,吸附PM2.5的总量为6974.6 t/a,导致减少死亡11.58人/d,呼吸系统入院32.12人/d,折合经济价值每年约为19.5亿元,占国民生产总值的4.3‰。该结果为园林绿化植物降低大气颗粒物污染、优化人类生存环境及城市园林绿化规划提供了理论依据。     

Conservation costs: Nature‐based tourism as development at Cuc Phuong National Park,Vietnam

Abstract: Local communities are frequently displaced from areas selected for environmental protection. Development of nature‐based tourism, believed to be more environmentally benign than traditional agricultural systems, has been encouraged by governments and national park managers in the hope of providing alternative livelihoods for local people. This paper examines the extent to which indigenous peoples resettled from within one Vietnamese national park have engaged with the nascent tourism industry, thereby providing a perspective on the success of their resettlement, through the eyes of those communities affected. The perspectives of resettled peoples are contrasted with those of villagers who have continued to reside within the national park, using traditional means of survival, along with new initiatives designed to supplement their livelihoods and to reduce their dependence on national park resources for survival. Resettled villagers are unable to survive on agricultural activity alone, tourism has done little to provide an alternate livelihood and the park environment is still threatened by the use of park resources by resettled communities in their struggle to survive.     

Genetic variability for resistance to sorghum downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi) and Rajasthan downy mildew (P. heteropogoni) in the tropical/sub-tropical Asian maize germplasm

Downy mildews cause considerable damage to maize (Zea mays L.) worldwide, particularly in the tropical Asia. We have evaluated a set of 42 tropical/sub-tropical maize inbred lines developed in different countries in Asia (India, Thailand and Philippines), and Mexico, for analysing the genetic variability for resistance to sorghum downy mildew [Peronosclerospora sorghi; SDM] and Rajasthan downy mildew [P. heteropogoni; RDM]. Experiments were carried out in replicated trials under artificial infection in field conditions against SDM and RDM at Mandya in Karnataka, India, and Udaipur in Rajasthan, India, respectively, during 1999 and 2000. The study resulted in identification of five inbred lines offering consistent and strong resistance to both SDM and RDM, while several inbred lines revealed resistance only to RDM. It was also revealed that the SDM-resistant inbreds are invariably resistant to RDM, while the RDM-resistant inbreds might show differential responses to the SDM. The maize inbred lines identified in this study with broad-spectrum resistance to downy mildews could be potentially useful for basic and applied research work on downy mildews in tropical Asia. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

旱地施肥对春小麦根系生长、代谢的影响及促进水分有效利用的机理

本文采用田间可微区试验的方法,研究了施肥对旱地春小麦根系生长、根系活力的影响和根系特征量与土壤含水量的关系。结果表明:不同施肥处理使小麦根系的长度、重量、体积、表面积均有不同程度的增长,并使小麦根系活力增加。尤以N、P配合施用效果更好。施肥对小麦根系生长的促进作用可持续到小麦生育后期。施肥在促进小麦根系生长和代谢活力的基础上加大了小麦对深层土壤水分的利用;而且小麦根系总长度、总体积、总表面积及总的根系活力与该期土壤含水量呈极显著负相关,揭示了“以肥调水”的机理。     

用活动边界模型精确检测果实表面缺陷

在利用计算机视觉技术检测果实表面缺陷中，为解决泼水算法分割出的缺陷区域比实际大的问题，探讨了活动边界模型(ACM)的原理和求解方法，改进了活动边界模型，使ACM在开始收缩时位于目标轮廓外侧，且公式能记忆边界的方向，当存在两个相距较近的缺陷时，ACM会收敛于正确的边界。提出插值算法对得到的不连续边界进行插值，从而得到封闭的缺陷边界， 能准确检测果实表面的缺陷边界。     

黄土高原坡耕地泥沙输移特征分析

在野外利用人工模拟降雨试验,分析了20,40,60m坡长下的输沙率、含沙量及累积产沙量—径流量的变化特征。结果显示,当雨强小于2.0mm/min时,最大输沙率出现在40m坡长;而当雨强大于2.0mm/min时,最大输沙率出现在60m坡长。在试验雨强范围内,最大含沙量总是出现在20m坡长。累积产沙量—径流量随时间变化趋于平稳。试验结果表明,为遏制黄土高原坡耕地水土流失,实践中应采取垄作等措施增加坡面糙度和改变坡面形态,防止在20m坡长形成高含沙水流和后续坡长的输沙率。     

Distribution and plant community associations of the understory bamboo <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fargesia qinlingensis</Emphasis> in the Foping National Nature Reserve,China

• Introduction  

Fargesia qinlingensis is the primary food source for the endangered giant panda during the summer months in the Qinling Mountains, but little is known about its spatial distribution and plant community associations.     

Monitoring of Atmospheric Mercury at a Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) Site on An-Myun Island, Korea

In order to investigate the regional background concentration levels of mercury (Hg), measurements were routinely recorded on An-Myun Island off the coast of Korea (December 2004 to April 2006). The mean concentration of Hg computed from the entire measurement period was 4.61?±?2.21 ng m^?3 with a range of 0.10–25.4 ng m^?3 (N?=?10,485). Using these data, we inspected various aspects of Hg behavior from the relatively remote island of An-Myun in Korea. Inspection of the seasonal patterns of Hg indicated that its concentration levels generally peaked in spring, while reached a minimum in summer. The summertime deficiency of Hg along with the lack of diurnal variation suggests that the environmental behavior of Hg at the study site was strongly suppressed by heavy precipitation during specific period. The diurnal variations of Hg, typically characterized by a relative daytime dominance, are distinguishable between seasons so that such patterns disappear during the summer. The results of our analysis, when inspected in terms of long-range transport of airborne pollutants, imply that Hg concentration levels can be affected intensively by trans-boundary input processes over certain period of time. Its springtime dominance hence suggests the combined effects of various local source processes and the meteorological conditions favorable for the massive air mass transport phenomenon (such as Asian Dust storms) during that time period.     

黄土丘陵区小流域综合治理生态经济过程分析——以宁夏隆德县李太平小流域为例

 从生态经济系统分析角度出发,对小流域生态经济结构及其演变进行分析,以期评价小流域生态经济效益。对比分析了小流域生态经济系统土地利用结构及其适宜性、产业结构、消耗结构和饲料生产平衡,利用线性模型对土地利用结构进行了优化模拟,采用描述生态系统稳定性的多样性指数描述流域经济系统稳定性,并用静态和动态模型对治理经济效果进行评价。流域农、林、牧用地比例由1990年的6．2:2．0:1．0变为2003年的1．9:1．4:1．0;农业产值所占比重由79．6％下降为54．8％;林业、牧业、副业产值比例分别由9．6％、9．6％、1．1％上升为22．7％、15．1％、7．4％。收入多样性指数呈增加趋势,消耗结构趋向合理,饲料供需平衡,经济评价中各指标均显示经济效益显著,表明生态经济结构明显有利于生态经济系统的进展演变,流域生态经济结构趋于稳定,生态经济效益显著。     

DQSY型模拟降雨装置研制通报

 在分析、借鉴国内外研制经验的基础上,研制单喷头曲面设计、双层喷射变雨强弹簧调节的野外模拟降雨喷头,实现了以单喷头替代多喷头组合式模拟降雨装置,并达到同样模拟降雨效果。由于喷头采用曲面设计,确保喷射水舌有规律地变化;模拟雨滴动能接近于天然降雨动能;模拟降雨过程均匀;喷射面积稳定。实测证明:雨滴中数直径为0.574.26mm,降雨均匀系数≥0.8（±0.05）,降雨面积为150 m2,模拟降雨强度为30～240 mm/h。