Characterization of the surface properties of cellulosic fibers in fibrous and ground forms by IGC and contact angle measurements

Surface properties of fibrous and ground cotton and linen were investigated by inverse gas chromatography (IGC) and the contact angle with different liquids was also measured on fabrics composed of both fibers. Results proved that dispersion component of surface tension (γ _s ^d ) determined by IGC depends not only on the surface energy, but also on several factors influencing the adsorbability of probe molecules on the cellulosic substrates. For cotton samples, the trapping of n-alkanes among waxy molecules in the outer layer of fibers can be presumed. This effect results in larger γ _s ^d for cotton fibers than for linen in spite of the higher wettability of the linen fabrics. Besides the surface energy and trapping effects, the grinding also influences the γ _s ^d values. Specific enthalpy of adsorption (ΔH _A ^ab ) of polar probes could be determined on all linen samples, but only on the ground cotton sample. Lewis acid-base character calculated for linen and ground cotton samples depends on the same effects as the γ _s ^d does. The similar ΔH _A ^ab values of chloroform (acidic) and THF (basic) measured on each of the samples support the conclusion that the surface character is amphoteric, which is also proved by the high ΔH _A ^ab values of the amphoteric ethyl acetate and acetone probes.     

Thinning enhances stool resistance to an extreme drought in a Mediterranean Quercus ilex L. coppice: insights for adaptation

New Forests - Mediterranean holm oak forests are subjected to chronic seasonal droughts coinciding with the warmest conditions during the summer. Importantly, climate change projections support...     

Effect of combined stress (salinity + hypoxia) and auxin rooting hormone addition on morphology and growth traits in six Salix spp. clones

New Forests - Willows plantations development could be an alternative for hydro-halomorphic soils but it is limited by combined stress salinity?+?hypoxia (main stressor under...     

Proteomic profiles during adventitious rooting of Eucalyptus species relevant to the cellulose industry

New Forests - Adventitious rooting (AR) is an obligatory step for vegetative propagation of commercial woody species. Paper industries have interest in Eucalyptus globulus Labill and its hybrids...     

Successive grafting confers juvenility traits to adult Spanish red cedar (Cedrela odorata Linnaeus): a tool for the rescue of selected materials

New Forests - Spanish red cedar, Cedrela odorata L. (Meliaceae), is a valuable timber tree in tropical American forests. Existing demand for elite individuals endangers the conservation of...     

拉丁美洲和加勒比地区主要竹种资源与利用

拉丁美洲和加勒比地区是世界主要的竹资源分布区,以瓜多竹为代表的560多竹种资源占全球竹种的33%,其中巴西、哥伦比亚、秘鲁、厄瓜多尔、墨西哥等国竹林面积和竹种数量位居该地区前列。与亚洲相比,拉丁美洲和加勒比地区现代竹产业发展起步较晚,规模和效益有限。面向未来,该区竹资源主要分布国家的政府正在制定和实施相关政策和战略,助力竹区发展经济、缓解贫困和保护环境。     

Jack beans and vetiver grass growth on iron ore tailing sediments from the Doce River dam disaster in Brazil: plant growth regulator effects under different edaphic conditions

Journal of Soils and Sediments - After the greatest environmental disaster in the history of Brazil and the deposition of the iron ore tailings in alluvial regions, the process of revegetation for...     

Sorbent Materials Characterization Based on Mechanical or Thermal Pretreated Montmorillonite Modified by Surfactant Loading for Improved Chromium Retention

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - The treatment efficiency of Chlorella sorokiniana and Scenedesmus species, immobilized in sodium alginate, was evaluated for removing nitrate from groundwater....     

不同倍性柿品种的杂交亲和性及结实性研究

【目的】通过对部分柿品种杂交亲和性的研究,为柿杂交育种亲本的选择及杂交组合的选配提供理论依据。【方法】采用“杂3-2”、“禅寺丸”、“杂4-2”和“正月”4个雄株作父本,“黑柿”、“干帽盔”、“野柿”、“平核无”、“金枣柿”和“阳丰”6个雌株作母本,设置自然授粉（对照）、套袋不授粉、套袋后进行无生活力花粉授粉和有生活力花粉不同组合杂交授粉4种处理,利用离体萌发法比较雄株的花粉生活力,利用荧光显微镜观察柿不同杂交组合的亲和性,并比较不同杂交组合的坐果率、单果种子数和无籽果实率。【结果】4个雄株花粉生活力由大到小依次为“杂3-2”（52.53%）>“禅寺丸”(48.13%)>“杂4-2”（40.02%）>“正月”（34.10%）。在24个杂交组合中,相同倍性的父本与母本杂交,柱头乳突细胞表面均无胼胝质（“阳丰”与各雄株杂交情况除外）,且花粉粒在柱头上粘附萌发形成大量的花粉管并不同程度地参与了受精;不同倍性的父本与母本杂交,柱头上粘附的花粉粒少,柱头胼胝质的形成阻碍了花粉的萌发。24个杂交组合中,坐果率和单果种子数最高的组合为“黑柿”ד杂3-2”,分别为74.44%和4.00;坐果率最低的组合为“金枣柿”ד正月”,坐果率和单果种子数分别为22.22%和0.10,且人工授粉处理的坐果率和单果种子数均高于自然授粉处理。通过比较不同授粉方式下6个雌株的无籽果实率可知,“干帽盔”、“阳丰”、“平核无”存在真单性和刺激性单性结实现象,“黑柿”存在刺激性单性结实现象,“野柿”、“金枣柿”存在假单性结实现象。【结论】柿不同雄株间的花粉生活力存在差异;相同倍性的父本与母本杂交亲和性大于不同倍性间父本与母本杂交;人工授粉能明显提高各杂交组合的坐果率和单果种子数。