The effect of the administration of Solanum malacoxylon on the chick.

Replacement of the drinking water of chicks maintained on a normal mixed protein diet with an aqueous extract containing the equivalent of 5 g of the dried leaves of Solanum malacoxylon (DLSM) per 100 ml for one month produces a hypercalcaemia (23-49 per cent), hypomagnesamia (28-37 per cent), hypophosphataemia (26-34 per cent), hypouricaemia (29-34 per cent) and a decrease in plasma alkaline phosphatase activity (54-98 per cent). The ash content of the defatted, dried tibiae and the body weight of the DLSM treated chicks were also significantly lower (37-7 per cent and 17-79 per cent respectively) than the corresponding values for the untreated birds. The results obtained are similar to those reported for hypervitaminosis D3 in the chick.     

The effects of ultraviolet-B (UV-B: 290–320 nm) radiation on blister blight disease of tea (Camellia sinensis)

Sunlight is known to reduce the incidence of blister blight disease of tea, caused by Exobasidium vexans . The effects of the ultraviolet-B (UV-B: 290–320 nm) component of solar radiation on the disease and the development of E. vexans were studied in the field in Sri Lanka using UV-screening filter materials held over a commercial crop. Exclusion of UV-B radiation by Polyester, which reduces fluxes in the UV-B region by approximately 75–85%, increased both the number of translucent spots (immature sites of infection) and number of sporulating blisters (mature sites of infection), but it had little or no effect on the sporulation of the pathogen. When basidiospores were artificially inoculated on leaves, and were exposed to full or filtered solar radiation, their survival and germination increased when UV-B wavelengths were removed; significant differences were found 62 h after inoculation. However, UV-B did not affect the extension of germ tubes. This study indicates that the UV-B component of solar radiation plays an important role in the natural regulation of blister blight disease in the field.     

西北太平洋公海两种大洋性鱿鱼营养生态位分析

为了深入了解大洋性鱿鱼在西北太平洋食物网中的作用,根据2021和2022年上海海洋大学“淞航”号开展农业农村部公海渔业资源综合科学调查专项时采集的样品,利用碳氮稳定同位素技术对西北太平洋柔鱼Ommastrephes bartramii和日本爪乌贼Onychoteuthis borealijaponicus两种头足类肌肉稳定同位素以及营养生态位进行研究。结果表明：柔鱼各站点间的δ13C、δ15N值都存在显著性差异（δ13C:F=3.073, P<0.05;δ15N:F=4.164,P<0.05）;日本爪乌贼两个站点间的δ13C存在显著性差异（t=-3.108,P<0.05）、δ15N值差异性不显著（t=1.317,P>0.05）。柔鱼和日本爪乌贼间的肌肉δ13C、δ15N值存在显著差异（δ13C: t=8.681,P<0.05; δ15N: t=13.465,P<0.05）。个体发育过程中,柔鱼、日本爪乌贼的δ13C、δ15N值与胴长相关性不显著（P>0.05）。柔鱼营养生态位宽度（SEAc=0.35‰2）大于日本爪乌贼生态位宽度（SEAc=0.2‰2）,两者之间的重叠率中等(0.314)。柔鱼和日本爪乌贼种内雌雄间生态位重叠率高,分别为0.988、0.76。分析认为,柔鱼和日本爪乌贼的δ13C值受海表温及摄食作用的影响;柔鱼和日本爪乌贼的δ15N值受摄食作用的影响;两种头足类雌性和雄性群体对食物和栖息地资源的利用高度相似。