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51.
Dayong LI Cyril C. GRUETER Baoping REN Ming LI Zhengsong PENG Fuwen WEI 《Integrative zoology》2013,8(4):327-334
Sleeping site locations are important to free‐ranging primate groups. Sites are strategically selected by primates so as to optimize security, comfort and foraging efficiency. Data were collected on the distribution of sleeping sites of the Yunnan snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) between Sep 2005 and Sep 2006 at Gehuaqing in Baimaxueshan Nature Reserve, China. We identified 54 sleeping sites, which were used 137 times during the study period. These sleeping sites were distributed throughout the monkey group's total home range. R. bieti preferred certain sleeping sites over others: 63% of the sleeping sites were used 2 or more times in 13 months. Groups reused locations in an unpredictable long‐term pattern, but avoided using the same sleeping site on consecutive nights. To reduce the time and energetic costs of travel, monkeys preferred sleeping near commonly used feeding sites. We recorded 124 feeding sites in the home range, which were used 174 times. A total of 27 sleeping sites were also feeding sites, and all remaining sleeping sites were close to feeding sites. There was a positive correlation between the intensity of use of sleeping sites and feeding sites. The present study suggests that the availability and the location of immediate sources of food is a key factor in the choice of sleeping sites. 相似文献
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53.
Cyril Marchand Elisabeth Lallier-Vergès Michel Allenbach 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2011,11(3):529-541
Purpose
The mangroves of New Caledonia, in the south Pacific, act as a buffer between a lagoon of more than 20,000 km2 and the island, which is characterized by ultramafic rocks and lateritic soils that are exploited for their richness in heavy metals. We will provide a better understanding of the redox conditions, and of heavy metal distributions in mangroves receiving shrimp farm effluents. 相似文献54.
Thierry Desjardins Patricia J. Folgarait Cyril Girardin 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2006,38(9):2753-2761
We studied the consequences of rice cultivation and its subsequent abandonment for soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics in north-eastern Argentina. Two chronosequences, which included a pristine grassland with C4 vegetation as a control, and several stages of rice (C3) fields abandoned for 1, 2, 4, 6 and 15 years were selected, and soil samples from the first 10 cm were gathered from each plot. Natural 13C abundance coupled with particle-size fractionation were employed to characterize SOM changes through time discriminated by SOM origin. Soil samples up to 50 cm were also collected throughout one chronosequence. Most changes in SOM occurred on the first 20 cm layer and, bulk density, carbon and nitrogen content, as well as δ13C remained similar at greater depths. After the rice cropping, the bulk density was slightly greater than in the natural grassland, and remained stable after the abandonment. Carbon and nitrogen contents remained almost stable in the surface layer during the cultivation. δ13C varied accordingly with the changes in vegetation cover with a C4 signature in the natural grassland and mainly a C3 signature in the rice fields. The abandonment of the rice cropping induced a decrease of the soil organic matter content, mainly of natural grassland origin, during the first 4 years. When the abandonment extended, the SOM content (from C4 origin) increased slowly and after 15 years, was almost the same as that of the natural grassland. The carbon turnover was greater in the coarser fractions than in the finer ones, confirming that soil organic carbon in the sand fraction was relatively labile. However, all the fractions were affected by inputs and outputs of C derived from rice and natural grassland. This fact could indicate that the former protected carbon could become less stable due to cultivation. 相似文献
55.
Lutz S Feidt C Monteau F Rychen G Le Bizec B Jurjanz S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(1):263-268
The aim of this study was to determine the transfer kinetics of soil-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to milk in lactating cows. Soil (500 g/day) fortified with fluorene (104 microg/g dry soil), phenanthrene (82 microg/g), pyrene (78 microg/g), and benzo[a]pyrene (33 microg/g) was administered to three dairy cows via a rumen cannulas for 28 consecutive days. Parent compounds and their major metabolites in milk were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Secretion of parent compounds in milk did not increase significantly (P > 0.05) over the control values measured before supply. Target monohydroxylated metabolites were not detected in control samples, but 2-hydroxy fluorene, 3-hydroxy phenanthrene, and 1-hydroxy pyrene were present in milk by the second day of dosing. The highest concentrations of metabolites in milk (31-39 ng/mL) were for 1-hydroxy pyrene at days 7 and 14 of dosing. The observed plateaus for 3-hydroxy phenanthrene and 2-hydroxy fluorene were lower (respectively, 0.69 and 2.79 ng/mL) but significantly increased in comparison to the control samples. Contrarily, 3-hydroxy benzo[a]pyrene was not detected in milk at any sampling time. These results suggested a notable metabolism of the parent compounds after their extraction from soil during the digestive transfer. Thus, the metabolization of fluorene and pyrene can lead to higher concentrations of metabolites than of parent compounds in milk. Despite the absence of a significant transfer of parent PAHs to milk, the appearance of metabolites raises the questions of their impact on human health. 相似文献
56.
Stefan Hauser Cyril Mekoa Francoise Ngo Kanga 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(4):399-409
Plantain grown after forest slash-and-burn raises concerns due to the release of CO2 and the destruction of biodiversity. Plantain yields are presented after forest biomass was burned or retained in combination with sucker sanitation versus traditional planting. Biomass burning did not affect plant crop and total yield. Soil chemical properties were weakly positively affected by burning. Sucker sanitation increased total yield at one site from 6.2 to 9.7 Mg ha?1 (p = 0.015), without effects on root health. In the second site, sucker sanitation had no effect on fresh bunch yield (mean 8.59 Mg ha?1), yet significantly improved root health parameters. Thus, at the first site, sucker sanitation elicited a positive response via a mechanism different from nematode control. At the second site, by contrast, nematode control was not the most important factor in yield formation. These data do not support the notion that retaining biomass increases plantain production. Other factors related to labor requirements and later weed infestation are probably more important in farmers' decision making on biomass management. 相似文献
57.
Al-Awwadi N Azay J Poucheret P Cassanas G Krosniak M Auger C Gasc F Rouanet JM Cros G Teissèdre PL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(4):1008-1016
A polyphenol extract from a Corbières (France) red wine (P, 200 mg/kg), ethanol (E, 1 mL/kg), or a combination of both (PE) was administered by daily gavage for 6 weeks to healthy control or streptozotocin (60 mg/kg i.v.)-induced diabetic rats (180-200 g). Treatment groups included C or D (untreated control or diabetic) and CP, CE, or CPE (treated control) or DP, DE, or DPE (treated diabetic). P treatment induced a reduction in body growth, food intake, and glycemia in both CP and DP groups. In DP, hyperglycemia was reduced when measured 1 h after daily treatment but not at sacrifice (no treatment on that day). The hyperglycemic response to the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and plasma insulin at sacrifice were impaired similarly in DP and D groups. In contrast, in DE or DPE, body growth was partially restored while hyperglycemia was reduced both during treatment and at sacrifice. In addition, hyperglycemia response to OGTT was reduced and plasma insulin was higher in DE or DPE than in D animals, indicating a long-term correction of diabetes in ethanol-treated animals. Morphometric studies showed that ethanol partially reversed the enlarging effect of diabetes on the mesenteric arterial system while the polyphenolic treatment enhanced it in the absence of ethanol. In summary, our study shows that (i). a polyphenol extract from red wine ("used at a pharmacological" dose) reduces glycemia and decreases food intake and body growth in diabetic and nondiabetic animals and (ii). ethanol ("nutritional" dose) administered alone or in combination with polyphenols is able to correct the diabetic state. Some of the effects of polyphenols were masked by the effects of ethanol, notably in diabetic animals. Further studies will determine the effect of "nutritional" doses of polyphenols as well as their mechanism of action. 相似文献
58.
Amira Mougou-Hamdane Xavier Giresse Cyril Dutech Marie-Laure Desprez-Loustau 《Annals of Forest Science》2010,67(2):212-212
59.
60.
Casrouge A Zhang SY Eidenschenk C Jouanguy E Puel A Yang K Alcais A Picard C Mahfoufi N Nicolas N Lorenzo L Plancoulaine S Sénéchal B Geissmann F Tabeta K Hoebe K Du X Miller RL Héron B Mignot C de Villemeur TB Lebon P Dulac O Rozenberg F Beutler B Tardieu M Abel L Casanova JL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5797):308-312
Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) encephalitis (HSE) is the most common form of sporadic viral encephalitis in western countries. Its pathogenesis remains unclear, as it affects otherwise healthy patients and only a small minority of HSV-1-infected individuals. Here, we elucidate a genetic etiology for HSE in two children with autosomal recessive deficiency in the intracellular protein UNC-93B, resulting in impaired cellular interferon-alpha/beta and -lambda antiviral responses. HSE can result from a single-gene immunodeficiency that does not compromise immunity to most pathogens, unlike most known primary immunodeficiencies. Other severe infectious diseases may also reflect monogenic disorders of immunity. 相似文献