Antibody-forming cells in the contralateral and ipsilateral lymph nodes draining the locally immunized supramammary/suprainguinal region

The Jerne hemolytic plaque assay was used to compare the number of antibody forming cells in the ipsilateral supramammary/suprainguinal lymph node which drains the udder, its counterpart area in males, of dairy goats inoculated with the antigen, sheep red blood cells, and in the contralateral lymph node which drains the corresponding non-inoculated area. Parenteral immunization was shown to have suppressing effects upon the local immune responses to the subsequently applied antigens. Three monthly intramammary inoculations of the antigen induced significant numbers of indirect plaque-forming cells (i.e. immunoglobulin G antibody producing cells) in both draining (ipsilateral) and non-draining (contralateral) nodes, suggesting antigen relocation and/or cell relocation from the inoculated side. However, the number of indirect plaque-forming cells in the ipsilateral node was far greater than that in the contralateral node, indicating that the majority of memory cells remained in the inoculated site.     

Dyeing properties and antimicrobial activity of silk fabric with extract of unripe Citrus Unshiu fruits

This study was carried out to optimize dyeing conditions of unripe Citrus Unshiu extract on silk fabric and to evaluate antimicrobial activity of the dyed fabric for its potential use as a functional natural dye. Unripe fruits of Citrus Unshiu in Jeju Island, Korea, extracted in 80 % Ethanol solution to final solid dye powder were dyed on silk fabric under a variety of conditions such as dye bath concentrations, temperature, and dyeing duration together with mordanting. Dyeing fastness properties to washing, rubbing, perspiration, and light were tested and the antimicrobial activities of the dyed fabric against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were investigated quantitatively. As results, the fabric showed the maximum dye uptake (K/S) under the conditions of 80 °C for temperature, 30 min for duration, and 600 % (o.w.f.) for dye concentration. Both pre- and post-mordanting seemed not to be effective on increasing K/S values of the dyed silk fabrics under the optimum dyeing conditions. Fastness ratings to washing, rubbing, and perspiration were all very good (4–5 grades) for both 300 and 600 % dyed silk fabrics. Excellent antimicrobial activities over 99 % reduction rate against two both bacteria were exhibited for all of dyed fabrics undergone more than 300 % of dye concentration. From these results, it was concluded that the dye concentration of 300 % of unripe Citrus Unshiu could be employed to produce antimicrobial silk fabric. Furthermore, to get more saturated shades on the fabric by the citrus, higher dye concentration such as 600 % was available as well.     

石竹花芽发生与内源多胺含量的关系

以石竹叶片为外植体,诱导愈伤组织、营养芽、花芽的培养基分别为ＭＳ＋ＺＴ２．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋２,４－Ｄ０．３ｍｇ／Ｌ;ＭＳ＋ＺＴ１ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＢＡ２ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ;ＭＳ＋ＩＢＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．３ｍｇ／Ｌ。在石竹离体叶花芽形成过程中,内源多胺含量呈不同的变化趋势,腐胺、亚精胺含量上升,而二丙胺、精胺含量下降,表明多胺与石竹离体叶花芽分化有明显的内在联系。     

Integrating ecosystem service supply and demand into ecological risk assessment: a comprehensive framework and case study

Landscape Ecology - Human beings face a growing supply–demand risk in ecosystem services (SDRES) due to anthropogenic environmental change and human activity. It is urgent to construct an...     

Effects of dietary vitamin K levels on bone quality in broilers.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin K (menadione) on bone quality in cage-raised broilers. Three hundred and sixty male broilers were randomly allotted to one of six treatments, with six replicate pens per treatment and 10 chicks per pen. Broilers were fed one of six diets including a control diet or the control diet plus graded levels of vitamin K (0.5 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, 8 mg/kg, 32 mg/kg and 128 mg/kg). Water and feed were provided ad libitum during the 7-week experimental period. Results indicated that vitamin K supplementation of broilers diets significantly effected bone quality and feed efficiency. The treatment containing vitamin K at 8 mg/kg improved growth performance (during weeks 6-7) and bone quality (during weeks 0-3). In our study, hydroxyapatite binding capacity of serum osteocalcin (during weeks 0-3), bone breaking strength, bone flexibility, bone ash weight increased linearly (P < 0.05) and bone mineral density, bone mineral content increased quadratically (P < 0.05) with increasing supplementation of vitamin K. In conclusion, to gain optimum bone quality and broiler performance, our studies suggest that the concentration of vitamin K in broilers diets should be 8 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, and 2 mg/kg, for the starter, grower and finisher phases, respectively. Furthermore, it was shown that the starter period is an important phase for improving bone quality. In addition, this study validated the mechanism of vitamin K effects on bone quality. Vitamin K boosts the carboxylation of osteocalcin and decreases the concentration of serum under-carboxylated osteocalcin enhancing hydroxyapatite binding capacity of serum osteocalcin and improving bone quality.     

智能建筑设计中智能结构的分析及发展

从1990年我国建设的第一个智能建筑(Intelligent Building)北京发展大厦到今天的大规模的Intelligent Building的飞速发展.中国的Intelligent Building在短短的十五年间发生了质的变化,此文从Intelligent Building的发展谈起,论述了中国Intelligent Building存在的问题和解决方法,并提出了今后的发展动向.     

卷叶贝母根高效诱导愈伤组织及快速增殖研究

以卷叶贝母根为外植体,建立其愈伤组织快速繁殖体系,研究了不同消毒时间和激素配比对卷叶贝母根外植体诱导愈伤组织与增殖的影响。结果表明,卷叶贝母根快速诱导愈伤组织的最佳培养基为MS+2 iP 1.0 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.6 mg·L^-1+头孢曲松钠300 mg·L^-1+香蕉汁200 mg·L^-1,培养30 d愈伤组织诱导率为85.41%;根愈伤组织的最佳增殖培养基为B 5+2,4-D 3.0 mg·L^-1+KT 0.5 mg·L^-1+多效唑1.0 mg·L^-1+活性炭1.5 mg·L^-1,培养30 d其增殖倍数可达3.26倍。本实验实现了以卷叶贝母根为外植体的愈伤组织快速诱导和增殖培养,有效地提高了卷叶贝母植物器官的利用率,并为保护卷叶贝母植物资源提供了重要的途径。     

高产优质抗病粳稻合系30号的选育及特性研究

 用优质、稻瘟病田间抗性强的日本品种轰早生作母本,分蘖力强、繁茂性好、抗稻瘟病的云南楚雄州农科所育成品种楚粳4号作父本进行杂交,从F₃代系统开始,同时进行高产、品质、稻瘟病抗性、耐冷性同步鉴定,作为选拔的科学依据,经5年7代选育,育成了优质、高产、抗病的新品种合系30号。