绵羊妊娠期胎儿垂体促性腺激素细胞的发生发育与血浆B-LH浓度的变化关系

为了研究绵羊胚胎期垂体中促性腺激素细胞的发育及功能变化，分别在胎儿发育的第60、90、120天和出生期采集垂体和血液，利用免疫荧光标记和生物学测定方法研究了垂体中促黄体激素β亚单位（LH-β)的表达和血液中LH生物活性的变化。结果证明：在胚胎发育的第60天，在腺垂体可观察到少量散在的LH-β阳性细胞；在胎儿发育的90d，LH-β阳性细胞率显著高于60d(P＜0．01)时，且均匀分布于整个腺垂体；在胎儿发育的120d，LH-β阳性细胞率达到高峰，但出生期又显著降低。胚胎发育过程中，垂体的LH-β细胞阳性率与血液中B-LH浓度呈现相似的变化趋势，且无显著的性别差异。以上研究征明绵羊垂体促性腺激素细胞的功能在胚胎中期之后最活跃，在后期垂体中LH-β阳性细胞率和血浆BLLH浓度都有降低，这种波动可能与胎儿垂体-性腺物的负反馈调节机制的建立有关。     

Block copolymer assembly via kinetic control

Block copolymers consist of two or more chemically different polymer segments, or blocks, connected by a covalent linkage. In solution, amphiphilic blocks can self-assemble as a result of energetic repulsion effects between blocks. The degree of repulsion, the lengths of the block segments, and the selectivity of the solvent primarily control the resultant assembled morphology. In an ideal situation, one would like to be able to alter the morphology that forms without having to change the chemistry of the block copolymer. Through the kinetic manipulation of charged, amphiphilic block copolymers in solution, we are able to generate different nanoscale structures with simple block copolymer chemistry. The technique relies on divalent organic counter ions and solvent mixtures to drive the organization of the block copolymers down specific pathways into complex one-dimensional structures. Block copolymers are increasingly used as templating materials; thus, the ability to control the formation of specific patterns and structures is of growing interest and applicability.     

杜仲研究的历史,现状和展望

本文讨论了杜仲研究的历史和现状，并根据现在研究的成果和存在的问题，对将来应该开展的研究课题提出了一些建议。     

4种外生菌根真菌培养条件的研究

【目的】明确黄地勺菌(Spathularia flavida)、美丽褶孔牛肝菌(Phylloporus bellus)、灰鹅膏菌(Am-anita vaginata)和褐黄牛肝菌(Boletus luridus)的最佳培养条件,为其菌丝体扩繁和菌剂生产奠定基础。【方法】采用固体培养,用十字交叉法测量菌落直径,研究不同温度(5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40℃)、pH(3.0,4.0,5.0,6.0,7.0,8.0,9.0)、碳源(葡萄糖、麦芽糖、乳糖、可溶性淀粉、甘露醇)及氮源(磷酸氢二铵、硝酸铵、硝酸钾、蛋白胨、麦芽浸膏)对4种外生菌根真菌生长的影响。【结果】4种外生菌根真菌生长的最佳条件不一:黄地勺菌、美丽褶孔牛肝菌和灰鹅膏菌最适生长温度为25℃,属中温菌,褐黄牛肝菌为30℃,属耐高温菌;4种外生菌根真菌在pH 3.0~9.0都能生长,黄地勺菌和美丽褶孔牛肝菌最适生长pH为8.0,灰鹅膏菌为6.0,褐黄牛肝菌为7.0;黄地勺菌、美丽褶孔牛肝菌、灰鹅膏菌和褐黄牛肝菌生长速度最快的碳源分别为甘露醇、葡萄糖、可溶性淀粉和麦芽糖;黄地勺菌、美丽褶孔牛肝菌和褐黄牛肝菌生长最适氮源均为麦芽浸膏,灰鹅膏菌为蛋白胨。【结论】初步确定了4种外生菌根真菌的最佳培养条件。     

绵羊垂体促性腺激素细胞的细胞类型以及在发情周期内的变化

本研究以绵羊发情周期内的不同时期、即黄体期,卵泡前期,卵泡后期和排卵后期的垂体组织为研究对象,利用免疫荧光单和双标记方法研究绵羊垂体促性腺激素细胞的细胞类型以及在发情周期内的变化。研究结果证明：在绵羊发情周期内,垂体促黄体激素免疫萤光单标记,促卵泡激素免疫荧光单标记和ＬＨ／ＦＳＨ免疫荧光双标记细胞的细胞阳性率之间地间无显著差异;绵羊垂体ＦＳＨ和ＬＨ分泌细胞属同一细胞类型,并且在发情周期内无明显变化     

水稻杂种后代稻米直链淀粉含量的配合力分析

选用稻米直链淀粉含量比较相近的６个粳稻品种,采用Ｇｒｉｆｉｎｇ双列杂交方法四,再结合直链淀粉含量的单粒测定方法,对亲本在Ｆ１、Ｆ２代植株上结实的Ｆ２、Ｆ３稻米直链淀粉含量配合力作了分析。结果表明,稻米直链淀粉含量的ＧＣＡ和ＳＣＡ方差均极显著,表明在本试验中基因加性效应和非加性效应均起重要作用。但,由于二个世代的ｇｃａＭｓ／ｓｃａＭｓ值大于１或显著,且随着世代的推进这一比值又明显增加,因此,稻米直链淀粉含量在杂种后代的表现主要还是由基因加性效应决定。在Ｆ２的胚乳表现中基因非加性效应的作用很大,随着世代的增加,加性基因的作用越显重要。在总的遗传变异中,Ｆ２种子主要以非加性变异为主,Ｆ３种子主要以加性变异为主,但非加性变异仍然占很大比重。配合力效应两世代间相关不显著,亲本稻米直链淀含量的高低与一般配合力的高低并不一致。     

中国梨木虱分泌物霉变条件及其危害研究

在中国梨木虱生物学特性及其防治研究的基础上,对其分泌物产生霉变的条件及其霉变后梨叶的危害进行了研究,结果表明：梨木虱分泌物只有在高湿、高温的自然条件下,才发生霉变,在附有分泌物的叶片、叶柄、新梢或颗粒产生黑色霉状物。梨木虱对梨树的直接刺吸危害症状不明显,分泌物霉变后的间接危害,破坏表皮结构,使有序排列的胶质和蜡质被打乱,皮孔消失,造成早期大量落叶。     

影响鲤鱼人工繁殖的几个因素

鲤鱼因东北地区人们对其喜食，而成为东北地区池塘养鱼的主要养殖品种。以前国南方地区鲤鱼繁殖时间较北方早，东北地区渔业生产所需鲤鱼苗基本来自南方地区，但其越冬成活率较低，使东北地区鲤鱼养殖受到一定的影响。近年来，由于利用电厂余热、地热和温室以及塑料大棚等方法进行鲤鱼人工繁殖，提前了鲤鱼繁殖时间，基本满足了东北地区渔业生产对鲤鱼苗的需要，而且由于当地产鲤鱼苗越冬成活率较高，极大地促进了东北地区池塘养鱼的发展，目前鲤鱼人工繁殖正在东北各地区迅速发展。笔者根据多年从事鲤鱼人工繁殖的生产实践，总结出影响东北…     

Effect of enrofloxacin and emodin on heat-shock proteins’ expression in hepatic cells of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

The aim of the present study was to compare the expression pattern of heat-shock protein 60 (HSP60), 70 (HSP70), and 90 (HSP90) mRNA in hepatic cells of grass carp exposed to enrofloxacin and emodin concentrations. The expression pattern of different genes encoding heat-shock proteins in hepatic cells of grass carp was exposed to graded levels of enrofloxacin (12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml) or emodin (0.04, 0.2, 1, 5, and 25 μg/ml) for 24 h and were investigated by real-time quantitative PCR. When cells were exposed to up 50 μg/ml enrofloxacin, both HSP60 and HSP70 mRNA levels firstly were increased and thereafter significantly dropped at high concentrations (P < 0.05), while HSP90 decreased with increasing enrofloxacin concentration. Besides, HSP60 and HSP70 expressions were significantly inhibited in the high-concentration groups. In addition, the HSP90 mRNA levels in the treatment exposed to 100 and 200 μg/ml enrofloxacin were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, when cells were exposed to graded levels of emodin, HSPs (HSP60, 70, and 90) mRNA levels significantly increased in the groups exposed to 5 and 25 μg/ml of emodin. The different expression pattern of HSPs implied that enrofloxacin could inhibit the expression levels of HSPs, while optimal level of emodin could trigger higher expression levels of HSPs in hepatic cell of grass carp to protect against further damage.