Inter-laboratory and inter-assay comparison on two real-time PCR techniques for quantification of PCV2 nucleic acid extracted from field samples

Several real-time PCR assays for quantification of PCV2 DNA (qPCR) have been described in the literature, and different in-house assays are being used by laboratories around the world. A general threshold of 10(7) copies of PCV2 per millilitre serum for postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) diagnosis has been suggested. However, neither inter-laboratory nor inter-assay comparisons have been published so far. In the present study, two different qPCR probe assays used routinely in two laboratories were compared on DNA extracted from serum, nasal and rectal swabs. Results showed a significant linear association between the assays (p<0.0001), and a systematic difference of 1.4 log10 copies of PCV2 per millilitre of sample (p<0.0001). This difference indicated that the assay from laboratory 1 yielded a higher output than the one from laboratory 2. Results also showed that there was no linear association between the amount of PCV2 DNA and the amount of total DNA, neither in nasal (p=0.86) nor in rectal (p=0.78) swabs, suggesting that normalizing of PCV2 DNA load in swab samples to total DNA concentration is not suitable. The present exploratory study highlights the need for the performance of ring trials on qPCV2 protocols between laboratories. Meanwhile, the proposed thresholds for PMWS diagnosis should only be considered reliable for each particular laboratory and each particular assay.     

大学课堂教学中学生创新能力的培养

创新人才的培养对于一个国家综合国力的提高有着重要的战略意义。大学是培养创新人才的重要基地,学生创新能力的培养关乎大学教育中人才培养的成败。在我国大学教育中,课堂教学是培养学生创新能力的主要渠道。文中认为营造创新教育环境、引导学生进行探究性学习、培养学生的思维能力以及丰富课堂教学方法和手段等是大学课堂教学中实现学生创新能力培养的重要举措。     

A STELLA model for the estimation of atrazine runoff,leaching, adsorption,and degradation from an agricultural land

Background, aim, and scope  

Atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine) is one of the most widely used herbicides for broadleaf weed and certain annual grass controls and is popular because of its effectiveness and low cost. Losses of atrazine from agricultural lands into adjacent surface water and underlying groundwater have raised public concerns. Several computer models have been developed for atrazine runoff in watersheds. One limitation for most of these models, however, is that vast amounts of input parameters are required for simulations. These input parameters are sometimes difficult to obtain through the experimental measurements for model calibrations, validations, and applications. Therefore, a need exists to develop a simple and yet a realistic modeling tool that can be used for effectively investigating atrazine dynamics in agricultural soils. This study was designed to meet this need.     

Modeling and simulation based on open electrical impedance tomography

In order to improve the error in image reconstruction caused by changeable positions of the electrodes in closed electrical impedance tomography, we propose an open electrical impedance tomography (OEIT) model using fixed electrode array. The problem was approximately assumed to be a virtual field by defining certain local sensitive area instead of solving the boundary problem in the whole electromagnetic field strictly. Modeling and simulation of OEIT have been conducted to define reasonable boundary parameters and electrode array structure. The finite element method is used for forward computation while Newton one step error reconstructor is used for image reconstruction. The target position, area and conductivity change can be reflected by the relative change of the boundary voltage and the reconstructed image is clear. Better resolution and positioning accuracy can be obtained in the shallower surface of the body by OEIT, so it is valuable in clinical applications.     

西藏穗螨的发生与危害

西藏穗螨是我区近年来在春青稞上的主要害虫之一,在我区一江两河地区均有危害,虫株率超过2％。严重者这4％≮％,针对这一现状,我们对西藏穗螨生物学特性进行了研究,研究结果表明西藏穗螨的生活史包括卵、幼螨、蛹和成螨4个阶段,西藏穗螨不直接取食植物,而是雌螨背上带有两块储孢囊,雌螨膨腹时储孢囊破裂释放孢子,螨虫直接取食孢子,而孢子为害作物造成穗腐。该研究结果为以后防治提供科学的依据。     

西藏冬小麦产量性状与其它主要农艺性状的相关与通径分析

本文通过对西藏30个品种（系）6个主要农艺性状与产量的相关和通径分析。结果表明：仅产量因素与产量相关性到达显著,其相关程度为：每公顷有效穗数（0．7228）〉千粒重（0．5331）〉穗粒数（0．4328）;对产量的直接影响为：每公顷有效穗数（1．0215）〉每穗粒数（0．8321）〉千粒重（0．7521）〉生育期（0．2064）〉株高（0．0473）,穗长对籽粒产量表现为较小的负效应。根据上述分析及本地区小麦生态条件的特点,提出西藏小麦高产育种策略应增加有效分蘖数、稳定千粒重、挖掘穗粒数的潜力,并努力协调好三者的关系,寻求三因素乘积最大的最佳遗传模型,同时还应选择生育期适中的品种。     

当归提取剩余物制备新型膳食纤维及其结构特征的研究

以当归Angelica sinensis提取残渣为原料制备新型膳食纤维,对当归膳食纤维（angelica dietary fibre,ADF）进行了化学成分测试及产品结构特征和理化性能分析,开展新型ADF吸附胆酸钠的热力学及体外模拟对金属离子吸附率的研究。结果表明:成功获得了新型ADF,其水分含量为1.32 %,蛋白质质量分数为5.47 %,粗脂肪质量分数0.57 %,总灰分质量分数5.24 %,持水力为3.2 gg－1,溶胀力为1.3 mLg－1,结合水力为0.105 1 g;结构特征分析表明:ADF与当归残渣是不同的纤维;ADF对胆酸钠的最大吸附量为40 gg－1,其吸附机制符合Freundlich模型;体外模拟条件下ADF对无机金属离子镍、铜、铅的吸附率分别为30.18 ,17.47和21.22 mgg－1。所得结果可为药用植物膳食纤维研究提供有益借鉴。图8表7参26     

基于GIS的输油管道辅助设计系统的关键技术

基于地理信息系统(GIS)平台的长距离输油管道工程辅助设计系统,是集显示、管理、决策为一体的输油管道工艺辅助设计平台,其运用组件技术和数据库技术,开发适用于输油管道工艺设计的专业化模块,以实现输油管道工程设计过程中的方案管理、工艺设计、线路管理及系统维护功能.该系统利用分块处理与图形变换设计输油管道导直平面图的生成算法;利用摩阻计算模型和方程迭代算法确定管道沿线的泵站和阀门布置,并生成水力坡降图.实现输油管道技术专业流程在GIS基础平台上的模块设计与组件二次开发,可为油气储运生产提供辅助决策支持.     

抗重金属植物根际细菌的植物促生长特征以及它们对黑芥种子萌发的影响

Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that uses plants and their associated microbes to clean up pollutants from the soil, water, and air. In order to select the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR) for phytoremediation of heavy metal contamination, 60 bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere of two endemic plants, Prosopis laevigata and Spharealcea angustifolia, in a heavy metal-contaminated zone in Mexico. These rhizobacterial strains were characterized for the growth at different pH and salinity, extracellular enzyme production, solubilization of phosphate, heavy metal resistance, and plant growth-promoting(PGP) traits, including production of siderophores and indol-3-acetic acid(IAA). Overall, the obtained rhizobacteria presented multiple PGP traits. These rhizobacteria were also resistant to high levels of heavy metals(including As as a metalloid)(up to 480 mmol L(-1)As(V), 24 mmol L(-1)Pb(Ⅱ), 21 mmol L(-1)Cu(Ⅱ), and 4.5 mmol L(-1)Zn(Ⅱ)). Seven rhizobacterial strains with the best PGP traits were identified as members of Alcaligenes, Bacillus, Curtobacterium, and Microbacterium, and were selected for further bioassay.The inoculation of Brassica nigra seeds with Microbacterium sp. CE3R2, Microbacterium sp. NE1R5, Curtobacterium sp. NM1R1,and Microbacterium sp. NM3E9 facilitated the root development; they significantly improved the B. nigra seed germination and root growth in the presence of heavy metals such as 2.2 mmol L(-1)Zn(Ⅱ). The rhizobacterial strains isolated in the present study had the potential to be used as efficient bioinoculants in phytorremediation of soils contaminated with multiple heavy metals.     

猪囊尾蚴头节单链抗体-PE40重组载体的构建及表达

从绿脓杆菌ATCC27853菌株中提取基因组,PCR扩增PE40基因,与pMD18-T栽体连接并转化感受态大肠杆菌JM109中,构建重组质粒pMD-PE40;经鉴定正确后将PE40基因插入抗猪囊尾蚴头节单链抗体基因重组质粒pMD-ScFv中,构建重组质粒pMD-ScFv-PE40,经酶切、电泳回收目的片段,并亚克隆到表达栽体pET-28a中,构建重组表达载体pET-ScFv-PE40;鉴定后转化E.coli BL21,IPTG诱导后进行SDS-PAGE和Western blotting验证.结果表明,试验成功构建了重组表达载体pET-ScFv-PE40,目的片段约为1800 bp;Western blotting证明重组蛋白具有一定的反应原性,为重组免疫毒素的制备及动物保护性试验奠定了基础.