Discrimination of intact and injured Listeria monocytogenes by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and principal component analysis

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR, 4000-600 cm(-)(1)) was used to discriminate between intact and sonication-injured Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19114 and to distinguish this strain from other selected Listeria strains (L. innocua ATCC 51742, L. innocua ATCC 33090, and L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644). FT-IR vibrational overtone and combination bands from mid-IR active components of intact and injured bacterial cells produced distinctive "fingerprints" at wavenumbers between 1500 and 800 cm(-)(1). Spectral data were analyzed by principal component analysis. Clear segregations of different intact and injured strains of Listeria were observed, suggesting that FT-IR can detect biochemical differences between intact and injured bacterial cells. This technique may provide a tool for the rapid assessment of cell viability and thereby the control of foodborne pathogens.     

Compensatory growth and body composition of juvenile black rockfish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sebastes schlegeli</Emphasis> following feed deprivation

ABSTRACT:   Compensatory growth, feeding rate, feed efficiency and chemical composition of juvenile black rockfish (mean weight 1.43 g) were investigated for 35 days after a 14-day feed deprivation treatment under four feeding conditions: one group continuously fed (control) and the other three groups fasted for 5 days (F5), 10 days (F10) and 14 days (F14). All fasted fish were re-fed from day 15. Only F5 achieved the same body weight as the control, indicating that complete compensation occurred in F5. The specific growth rate (SGR) of F5 was the highest at day 21 and then decreased thereafter, showing higher values than the control at days 21, 28 and 42. In contrast, although SGRs of F10 and F14 were higher than that of the control during the whole refeeding period except day 21, they did not catch up the control in body mass, indicating that only partial compensation occurred in F10 and F14. The feeding rate (FR) of all groups except F14 changed in a pattern similar to SGR (Spearman's rank correlation, r _s > 0.9), suggesting that SGR varied depending on FR. Similar feeding efficiencies (FEs) were found in the four groups and they did not vary significantly during the whole refeeding period, suggesting that FE was not the factor affecting SGR. At day 14, the ratios of lipid to lean body mass in F10 and F14 were lower than those in the control and F5, and there was no difference between the control and F5. At day 49, however, only F14 showed a lower value than the other three groups, and there was no difference among the three groups. These results indicate that juvenile black rockfish fasted for 5–14 days can exhibit compensatory growth after refeeding, but timing and degree vary depending on the duration of feed deprivation.     

甘肃省河北杨基因资源调查及利用的研究

通过调查,将甘肃省的河北杨(Populus hopeiensis Hu et Chow)划分为庆阳,平凉集中分布区和兰州、定西、临夏、天水散生分布区。查明全省计有河北杨28748亩,包括青皮型、灰皮型、疏冠型、密冠型四大生态变异类型。在此基础上,系统地进行了河北杨的选优、种源试验、杂交育种等良种选育工作,共选优树40株,建立河北杨基因库65亩。并应用组织培养的方法加大优良类型的繁殖系数,解决了河北杨扦插繁殖的技术问题,成活率达80％;在研究推广中将河北杨分布向南推移200公里,向西推移500公里,生长良好,同时还在基础研究方面就河北杨起源问题进行了探讨,推断河北杨为单中心起源的杂种无性系。     

反硝化聚磷一体化设备中微生物数量变化的研究

对反硝化聚磷除磷脱氮污水处理新工艺运行初期系统中的微生物数量进行了跟踪检测，并对细菌总数，霉菌，放线菌，硝化细菌，亚硝化细菌，反硝化细菌在不同日期的数量变化进行了研究。     

水分胁迫对花生不同器官非结构性碳水化合物含量的影响

为探讨不同生育时期水分胁迫对花生不同器官非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)“库—源—流”间的变化动态,以‘花育20号’和‘花育27号’花生品种为试材,采用控制条件下的防雨棚池栽方法,研究了花生生长发育过程中不同生育时期水分胁迫下,非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)在花生叶片、茎、根和荚果等器官中的动态变化。结果表明,全生育期干旱胁迫使花生叶片、茎和根中可溶性总糖含量和淀粉均明显升高,但荚果中可溶性糖含量却明显降低。无论何生育时期受到干旱胁迫均使得叶片中可溶性糖含量峰值提前15天左右出现,“源”物质输出提前但输出量降低,叶片提前衰老。生育前期干旱胁迫使滞留在荚果中的NSC含量增加,结荚期后干旱胁迫反而利于荚果中NSC的转化。全生育期水分适宜处理叶片中NSC含量相对较低且变化较小。由此表明,干旱胁迫降低了NSC由源至库的运输和转化,使荚果“库”容量降低。     

海南兰科植物新记录

本文报道了海南兰科植物3新记录种,分别是全唇叉柱兰[Cheirostylis takeoi (Hayata) Schltr]、兰屿芋兰（Nervilia lanyuensis S. S. Ying）和台湾隐柱兰（Cryptostylis taiwaniana Masam）。凭证标本存于上海辰山植物园标本馆（CSH）。     

蛋鸡种蛋蛋重对孵化率和雏鸡生长发育的影响

将豫州褐壳蛋的种蛋按重量大小分成6组，在相同的条件下进行孵化和饲养试验。结果表明，蛋重在53－56克的种蛋，其受精蛋孵化率最高；不同的蛋重对雏鸡的初生重以及雏鸡在1－3周龄的体重影响较大，蛋重与初生重（γ=0．9899）、1周龄体重（γ＝0．9528）的相关极显著；蛋重与2周龄体重（γ＝0．9032）、3周龄体重（γ＝0．9040）相关显著，与3周龄以后雏鸡体重相关不显著。     

Antihyperlipidemic and body fat-lowering effects of silk proteins with different fibroin/sericin compositions in mice fed with high fat diet

The effect of silk protein with different fibroin/sericin compositions on body weight and lipid metabolism in high fat-fed mice was investigated. The animals were given experimental diets for 6 weeks: normal control (NC), high fat (HF) and high fat diet supplemented with F100 (pure fibroin, HF-F100), F81 (81:19 fibroin/sericin, w/w, HF-F81) or F50 (50:50 fibroin/sericin, w/w, HF-F50). The silk protein-fed mice showed markedly reduced body weight and enhanced lipid profile relative to the HF group. In general, the amount of body fat, triglyceride and total plasma cholesterol levels, atherogenic index and free fatty acid level tended to decrease, while the HDL-cholesterol level increased, with increased amount of sericin in the diet. This hypolipidemic effect was partly due to increased fecal lipid excretion, inhibition of lipogenesis and regulation of adipokine production. These findings illustrate that silk protein, particularly sericin, may be beneficial in the prevention of high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia and obesity.     

再生水灌溉冬小麦的铅和镉累积分布研究

再生水灌溉对作物重金属含量的影响,是再生水能否安全利用的重要基础问题。通过冬小麦的盆栽试验,研究了再生水灌溉对土壤和冬小麦植株铅、镉含量的影响。结果表明,再生水灌溉对土壤铅、镉含量没有明显的影响,而混灌和轮灌较再生水纯灌可以降低土壤铅含量,但对土壤镉含量没有明显的减低作用。再生水灌溉处理小麦各器官的镉含量分布是根>叶>茎>籽粒,铅含量分布是叶>根>茎>籽粒,叶片铅含量较其他器官高可能与大气铅污染有关。再生水灌溉后,小麦各器官镉含量较清水对照有一定的提高,但铅、镉含量和对照相比差异不显著。应用再生水灌溉,小麦籽粒中铅、镉含量均符合国家食用安全标准,但镉含量较清水灌溉有升高现象,在生产应用中要有所注意。     

Seroepidemiology and genotyping of hepatitis E virus in Singapore reveal rise in number of cases and similarity of human strains to those detected in pig livers

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes 20 million infections worldwide yearly, of which only about 3.3 million are symptomatic. In developed Asian countries, HEV strains detected in human sera and in food sources were genetically similar, suggesting that indigenous HEV infections may be largely food‐borne. To assess the burden of hepatitis E in Singapore, we performed a seroepidemiologic study of the infection. Additionally, we carried out HEV genotyping on archived, residual HEV IgM‐positive serum samples collected between 2014 and 2016 (n = 449), and on pig liver samples (n = 36) purchased from wet markets and supermarkets. Our study shows a rise in hepatitis E incidence (IgM) from 1.7 to 4.1 cases per 100,000 resident population from 2012 to 2016 and an increase in hepatitis E IgG positivity rate among residents from 14% in 2007 to 35% in 2016. Other findings also suggest the epidemiology of hepatitis E in Singapore has shifted, from it being mainly a disease imported from the Indian subcontinent, to one that is now increasingly prevalent in our resident population. Genotypes obtained from 143 human samples identified the majority to be genotype 3 (n = 121), 21 to be genotype 1 and one to be genotype 4. Further phylogenetic analyses suggest genotype 3a to be the cause of indigenous infections in residents, which showed genetic similarity to the genotype 3a strains detected in pig livers. This link between the strains in the majority of human samples and those in pig livers consumed by the public suggests a possible food‐borne route of HEV infection in Singapore.