NaCl胁迫对甜、爆、糯玉米幼苗有机渗透调节物质的影响

以特用玉米品种沈糯6号、沈爆3号和沈甜6号为试材,设置5个梯度的NaC l盐溶液(0mmol/L、50mmol/L、100mmol/L、150mmol/L、200mmol/L)对玉米幼苗从三叶一心时开始胁迫处理1周,对部分有机渗透调节物质进行了研究。结果表明:随着NaC l浓度的增加,沈甜6号和沈爆3号的游离氨基酸含量变化趋势较一致,呈现双峰状增长,都在50mmol/L时出现最大峰值;沈糯6号为单峰状增长,在NaC l浓度为100mmol/L时有最大值;3个品种的可溶性蛋白质含量在盐浓度低于150mmol/L时均不同程度地降低,之后又都开始上升;可溶性糖含量在盐浓度低于150mmol/L时增长趋势基本一致,均呈现单峰型增长,之后沈糯6号急剧下降,沈爆3号和沈甜6号开始上升;3个品种脯氨酸含量随NaC l浓度的增加也不同程度地增加。150mmol/L的盐浓度是3个品种的耐盐临界点。从总体水平看,沈糯6号较耐盐,沈甜6号最弱。     

麻地膜覆盖保温特性及对白菜生长和产量的影响

为了明确不同季节麻地膜覆盖栽培保温特性及对作物生长和产量的影响,分别在冬季、春季和夏季进行不同地膜覆盖白菜对比试验。结果表明：不同季节麻地膜覆盖均能提高土壤温度,增温效果平缓,夏季不会出现膜下高温情况。麻地膜覆盖能够促进白菜出叶速率、增加株高和叶片数、增大叶面积。不同季节和不同覆盖处理间互作效应极显著(P<0.01),春季和夏季麻地膜覆盖的增产效果比冬季明显。春季和夏季麻地膜覆盖下白菜产量分别比无覆盖高45.97%和48.89%,均呈显著差异(P<0.05);分别比塑料地膜覆盖的高6.66%和51.05%,也均达显著差异(P<0.05)。     

土地整理的工程设计方案研究——以重庆市彭水县乌江村为例

为了研究中国西部地区农村土地整理工程中专业设计方案在实际工作中的应用情况,笔者应用数学分析法、实地调查研究法、抽样调查研究法进行研究。土地整理设计方案是指导施工的前提,因此需要专业和严谨,而土地整理工程设计方法滞后,各土地整理机构方法不统一,主要受制度和经济制约。笔者从土地开发整理的工程设计角度入手,采用定量的分析方法,通过对村级土地平整工程设计、农田水利工程设计及田间道路工程设计,对低山丘陵区的土地整理工作提出建议,提出村级土地整理工程工作的建议。     

大连地区玉米螟越冬期间气象条件越冬后活虫数的影响

为研究大连地区玉米螟越冬期间气象条件对越冬后活虫数的影响,以期为防治玉米螟提供科学依据。利用大连地区最近10年气象资料和玉米螟越冬后活虫数资料,对玉米螟越冬后活虫数与越冬期间气象要素进行相关性分析。结果表明,玉米螟冬后百杆活虫数受上年10月下旬-11月份温湿条件影响较大。此间温度低有利于其越冬成活;11月份降水多,冬后百杆活虫数多。建立大连地区玉米螟冬后百杆活虫数统计预报模式。     

开颖、闭颖小麦浆片的显微观察

为了研究小麦开颖、闭颖授粉的原因,为探索小麦开颖、闭颖授粉机理奠定基础。此研究以开颖授粉小麦漯麦4号和闭颖授粉小麦花培3号为材料,在小麦抽穗期取浆片,用冷冻切片法观察两个品种浆片的厚度,并测量浆片的厚度,发现漯麦4号浆片的厚度是花培3号的1.67倍。对浆片进行整体透明处理,用微分干涉差显微镜观察浆片整体外形和浆片的中部细胞,对比高度和宽度,发现两者浆片在高度和宽度上无明显差异;同时对比浆片表面中部细胞的大小,发现两者浆片的中部细胞大小也无明显差异。     

TEM INVESTIGATION ON AGED ION-NITRIDING LAYER OF PURE IRON

The phase transformation in the diffusion layer after slow cooling and aging of pure iron ion -nitrided was investigated with TEM. Refering to principle of Moire method measuring macroscopical strain, the values of coherent strain at interfaces between a" and aN phases were determined by means of TEM analyses.     

Design method and homogeneity control of bridge fair-faced concrete

According to the structural characteristics of bridge engineering, the mix optimization design method of bridge fair-faced concrete was presented, and C30~C50 concrete with high cohesion and package, outstanding fluidity and excellent mechanical properties were prepared. Through the test of air content of fresh concrete, micro hardness and micro structure in different parts of hardened concrete specimens, effects of viscosity-modifying admixtures on homogeneity of concrete were discussed. The results showed that the composition of bridge fair-faced concrete were relatively homogeneous, and the microstructure were relatively dense. When C30 concrete mixed with 5 × 10 -5 cellulose ether or 6% silica fume (mass fraction of cementitious material), air content of fresh concrete were less than 2%, and slurry viscosity values were between 1 900 and 2 000 MPa·s. Also, the micro hardness values in different parts of hardened concrete specimens were closed. The results were applied in practical bridge engineering, which generally meets the apparent quality requirements of bridge fair faced concrete.     

饲粮蛋白质水平对早期断奶仔猪氮代谢的影响

选择30头28日龄断奶仔猪（平均体重4．5kg），研究饲粮粗蛋白质（CP）水平对早期断奶仔猪氮代谢的影响。结果显示：（1）饲粮CP水平分别与CP摄入量、CP表现消化率、可消化CP摄入量、未消化CP摄入量存在显著（P＜0．05）或极显著（P＜0．01）的正相关；（2）CP真消化率不受饲粮CP水平的影响，两者的相关关系不显著（P＞0．05）；（3）仔猪内源粪氮排泄量为0．22g／日，内源粪氮占干物质摄入量的比值为2．6g／kg；（4）饲粮CP水平分别与盲肠内容物中挥发性盐基氮（VBN）和氨氮（AN）含量的相关关系不显著（P＞0．05），但饲粮CP水平分别与结肠内容物中VBN和AN含量存在显著（P＜0．05）的正相关；（5）饲粮CP水平分别与血浆VBN和尿素氮含量存在显著（P＜0．05）和极显著（P＜0．01）的正相关，但血浆AN含量则不受饲粮CP水平的影响，两者的相关关系不显著（P＞0．05）。结果表明，随着饲粮CP水平升高，CP的真消化率不变，进入大肠的蛋白质量增加，结肠内蛋白质的腐败作用增强，血中含氮代谢产物增多。     

东露天煤矿区采矿对土地利用和土壤侵蚀的影响预测

黄土区大型露天矿区是一种剧烈的人工扰动区域,采矿活动对土地资源和生态与环境破坏非常严重,正确预测人工开采引发的人为加速土壤侵蚀与土地利用变化,可为生态脆弱煤矿区的生态恢复和重建提供依据。该文采用RS、GIS技术、统计分析、类比和趋势外推相结合的方法,对东露天矿区2005～2080年的土地利用变化和水土流失进行了预测性研究。结果表明：75年间,在没有采取生态重建的措施下,农用地减少3666.07 hm²,未利用地减少1402.13 hm²,居民点用地减少121.80 hm²,全部变为独立工矿用地。土地利用结构和类型由多样性向单一类型的裸露的独立工矿用地发展,水土流失量由54.50万t/a变为77.85万t/a。     

Effects of Vegetation Stems on Hydraulics of Overland Flow Under Varying Water Discharges

Vegetation plays an important role in soil erosion control, but few studies have been performed to quantify the effects of vegetation stems on hydraulics of overland flow. Laboratory flume experiments were conducted to investigate the potential effects of vegetation stems on Reynolds number, Froude number, flow velocity and hydraulic resistance of silt‐laden overland flow. Cylinders with diameter D of 2·0, 3·2 and 4·0 × 10⁻² m were glued onto the flume bed to simulate the vegetation stems, and a bare slope was used as control. The flow discharge varied from 0·5 to 1·5 × 10⁻³ m³ s⁻¹ and slope gradient was 9°. Results showed that Reynolds number on vegetated slope was significantly higher than that on bare slope because of the effect of vegetation stems on effective flow width. All the flows were supercritical flow, but Froude number decreased as D increased, implying a decrease in runoff ability to carry sediment. The mean flow velocity also decreased with D, while the velocity profile became steeper, and no significant differences were found in surface flow velocities among longitudinal sections on all slopes. Darcy–Weisbach friction coefficient increased with D, implying that the energy consumption of overland flow on hydraulic resistance increased. Reynolds number was not a unique predictor of hydraulic roughness on vegetated slopes. The total resistance on vegetated slopes was partitioned into grain resistance and vegetation resistance, and vegetation resistance accounted for almost 80% of the total resistance and was the dominant roughness element. Further studies are needed to extend and apply the insights obtained under controlled conditions to actual overland flow conditions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.