中国马铃薯上几种纽带亚科线虫记述(Ⅱ)

2001~2004年,对中国16个省(直辖市、自治区)部分地区的马铃薯线虫进行了采样调查,并分离鉴定出7个纽带亚科线虫,其中6个是马铃薯上的新记录种。笔者对其中4个种:松树拟盘旋线虫(Pararotylen-chus piniMamiya,1968)、假强壮螺旋线虫[Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus(Steiner,1914)Golden,1956]、双宫螺旋线虫[H.dihystera(Cobb,1890)Sher,1961]和明茨螺旋线虫(H.minziSher,1966)的形态进行了描述。     

吉林省玉米流通成本分析

通过对吉林省13个粮库的实地调查,对吉林省玉米流通成本的构成及影响因素进行了实证分析,从而提出降低吉林省玉米流通成本的途径:进一步深化粮食流通企业市场化改革;落实优质优价政策,充分发挥价格杠杆对玉米品质改良的推动作用;政府提供资金和政策支持。     

单叶刺槐半同胞子代叶片的滞尘能力及叶表SEM特征分析

以单叶刺槐母本(A1-1)及6个叶形产生明显变异的半同胞子代无性系(A20-5、B24-3、C24-2、B23-1、C24-1、C23-1)新鲜叶片为材料,测定各样本的单位叶面积总颗粒物滞留量、颗粒物粒径分析及叶表微观结构SEM特征,通过相关性分析,筛选与滞尘能力相关的叶形及SEM指标,运用隶属函数法,依据各样本滞尘指...     

紫云英绿肥盛花期埋切翻压组合作业机设计与试验

为实现紫云英绿肥规模化种植区域的绿肥高效、低耗机械化翻压,基于前端埋切、后端翻压的结构配置思路,设计了一种无动力输入的紫云英绿肥盛花期埋切翻压组合作业机。对盛花期紫云英生物学特征及压切特性开展研究,进而设计了辊筒组件、前悬挂连接组件、栅条式翻转犁等主要工作部件;通过理论计算和力学分析,得到实现紫云英茎秆顺畅埋切的压切辊半径为305 mm、压切刀滑切角范围为34. 3°～55. 7°;采用水平直元线法设计了栅条式犁体曲面,推导得到导曲线抛物线方程,并绘制了犁体直元线角变化规律图。紫云英绿肥盛花期田间翻压试验结果表明:在机具作业速度为5. 8～6. 0 km/h条件下,茎秆切断长度合格率92%,耕宽稳定性变异系数3. 7%,耕深稳定性变异系数5. 6%,土垡破碎率85. 6%,植被翻压覆盖率98. 3%,试验指标均符合国家和行业标准要求。设计的埋切翻压组合作业机工作效率可达0. 67～1. 20 hm2/h,在翻压质量和组配方式上明显优于目前我国常用的畜力犁、铧式犁、旋耕机等翻压方式,具有很好的推广应用价值。     

河北省水稻生产概况及产业发展展望

河北省地处我国水稻生育期最长地带,具有得天独厚生产优质米的条件,通过优质品种培育、新技术研发推广和品牌创建,助推河北省水稻由生产小省向效益强省迈进。概述了河北省水稻主产区的生产现状,分析了水稻产业发展中存在的问题,并提出了未来产业发展的主攻方向。     

30%烟嘧磺隆·莠去津·硝磺草酮可分散油悬浮剂对甜玉米田杂草的防效及安全性

研究30%烟嘧磺隆·莠去津·硝磺草酮可分散油悬浮剂在甜玉米田的应用效果,在甜玉米不同叶龄期开展田间试验,评价其对杂草的防除效果及对甜玉米的安全性。结果表明,30%烟嘧磺隆·莠去津·硝磺草酮可分散油悬浮剂在甜玉米3～4叶期或6～7叶期施药,900～1 575 g a.i./hm2剂量范围内对甜玉米品种粤甜28安全,对玉米田常见杂草凹头苋、光头稗、马唐和香附子的防效及增产效果均显著高于对照药剂38%莠去津悬浮剂2 160 g a.i./hm2播后苗前处理。推荐30%烟嘧磺隆·莠去津·硝磺草酮可分散油悬浮剂在900～1 350 g a.i./hm2范围内,甜玉米3～5叶期茎叶喷雾使用。     

Screening of Human CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 Inhibitors from Seaweed In Silico and In Vitro

Phenolic compounds and carotenoids are potential inhibitors of cytochrome P450s. Sixteen known compounds, phenolic compounds and carotenoids from seaweed were examined for potential inhibitory capacity against CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in silico and in vitro. Morin, quercetin, and fucoxanthin inhibited the enzyme activity of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in a dose-dependent manner. The IC₅₀ values of morin, quercetin, and fucoxanthin were 41.8, 22.5, and 30.3 μM for CYP1A2 and 86.6, 16.1, and 24.4 μM for CYP3A4, respectively. Siphonaxanthin and hesperidin did not show any significant effect on CYP1A2, but they slightly inhibited CYP3A4 activity at high concentrations. In silico modeling of CYP’s binding site revealed that the potential inhibitors bound in the cavity located above the distal surface of the heme prosthetic group through the 2a or 2f channel of CYPs. This study presents an approach for quickly predicting CYP inhibitory activity and shows the potential interactions of compounds and CYPs through in silico modeling.     

Relay-intercropping soybean with maize maintains soil fertility and increases nitrogen recovery efficiency by reducing nitrogen input

Optimized nitrogen(N)management can increase N-use efficiency in intercropping systems.Legume-nonlegume intercropping systems can reduce N input by exploiting biological N fixation by legumes.Measurement of N utilization can help in dissecting the mechanisms underlying N uptake and utilization in legume-nonlegume intercropping systems.An experiment was performed with three planting patterns:monoculture maize(MM),monoculture soybean(SS),and maize-soybean relay intercropping(IMS),and three N application levels:zero N(NN),reduced N(RN),and conventional N(CN)to investigate crop N uptake and utilization characteristics.N recovery efficiency and 15N recovery rate of crops were higher under RN than under CN,and those under RN were higher under intercropping than under the corresponding monocultures.Compared with MM,IMS showed a lower soil N-dependent rate(SNDR)in 2012.However,the SNDR of MM rapidly declined from 86.8%in 2012 to 49.4%in 2014,whereas that of IMS declined slowly from 75.4%in 2012 to 69.4%in 2014.The interspecific N competition rate(NCRms)was higher under RN than under CN,and increased yearly.Soybean nodule dry weight and nitrogenase activities were respectively 34.2%and 12.5%higher under intercropping than in monoculture at the beginning seed stage.The amount(Ndfa)and ratio(%Ndfa)of soybean N2 fixation were significantly greater under IS than under SS.In conclusion,N fertilizer was more efficiently used under RN than under CN;in particular,the relay intercropping system promoted N fertilizer utilization in comparison with the corresponding monocultures.An intercropping system helps to maintain soil fertility because interspecific N competition promotes biological N fixation by soybean by reducing N input.Thus,a maize-soybean relay intercropping system with reduced N application is sustainable and environmentally friendly.     

蝴蝶兰新品种‘红天鹅’

‘红天鹅’是以蝴蝶兰‘宝岛玫瑰’为母本,‘超群火鸟’为父本进行人工杂交选育出的大花型蝴蝶兰新品种。花色鲜红,平均花朵横径为10.3 cm,花朵纵径为10.1 cm,花朵数为8 ~ 10朵,花穗自然弯曲,可不用人工造形。花芽对低温极为敏感,在年前开花,适合作为春节年销花品种,花期长达119 d。