秦岭北坡栓皮栎干基萌苗生长特性研究

【目的】阐明栓皮栎（Quercus variabilis）产生干基萌苗的能力以及萌苗的产生和生长特性,以制定合理的人工促萌措施。【方法】2009-2010年,对陕西省周至县楼观台地区天然栓皮栎次生林中4个径级共40株栓皮栎个体进行环剥并跟踪观测2年,比较了不同径级栓皮栎产生干基萌苗的母树比例及萌苗的数量、枯死率、年龄结构和生长特征。【结果】1）栓皮栎母树均能在环剥后1个月产生愈伤组织以保护伤口,观测过程中没有母树死亡;2）78%的环剥母树能够产生干基萌苗,70%的母树能在环剥后2年内保存有活萌苗;3）胸径10～20 cm （2和3径级）栓皮栎母树的萌发率最高,80.0%的母树在环剥后能产生干基萌苗,并在2个生长季均能保存活萌苗,萌苗枯死率为0.0%～24.7%,萌苗高度、冠幅和基径均大于1径级和4径级母树的萌苗;4）单株干基萌苗数量随着母树径级的增加而先增大后减小,4径级母树胸径最大,产生干基萌苗的时间最晚,萌苗数量最少;5）各径级母树在环剥后第2年仍然能产生当年生萌苗,但只有2径级母树的2年生萌苗所占比例远多于1年生萌苗,3径级母树则相反,4径级母树只有1年生萌苗。【结论】在栓皮栎次生林改造和经营中,可提前1～2年对胸径在10～20 cm的间伐对象进行环剥,待其产生干基萌苗后再进行砍伐,这样有利于缩短间伐林地土壤的裸露时间,促进林地快速恢复。     

葡萄糖氧化酶对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化功能及养分消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加不同水平葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化功能及养分消化率的影响。试验选取28日龄断奶仔猪150头[平均体重(8.41±0.06)kg],随机分为5个组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头,公母各占1/2。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组~Ⅳ组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加120、180、240和300 U/kg葡萄糖氧化酶的试验饲粮。试验期30 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,添加葡萄糖氧化酶对仔猪末重、平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)及料重比(F/G)无显著影响(P0.05),试验Ⅱ组腹泻率显著降低(P0.05)。2)试验Ⅳ组仔猪血清白蛋白(ALB)含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),试验Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组血清尿素氮(UN)含量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。3)试验Ⅱ组血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于试验Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组(P0.05),试验Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著性低于对照组和试验Ⅳ组(P0.05)。4)试验Ⅱ组仔猪干物质消化率显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P0.05),试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组仔猪粗蛋白质消化率显著高于对照组(P0.05),试验Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组仔猪总能消化率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。综上,断奶仔猪饲粮中添加葡萄糖氧化酶可改善仔猪血清抗氧化功能,降低腹泻率,促进机体对蛋白质、糖和脂质代谢与消化吸收,从而提高生长性能,建议添加量为180 U/kg。     

不同厚度秸秆隔层对河套灌区盐碱土壤温度、水分和食葵产量的影响

[目的]研究不同厚度秸秆隔层对盐碱地食葵农田土壤温度、水分动态变化及产量的影响,为河套灌区筛选适宜盐碱地食葵生长的合理厚度秸秆隔层措施提供依据.[方法]2015—2017年在内蒙古河套地区典型盐碱农田设置了4个不同厚度的秸秆隔层,分别为CK(无秸秆隔层)、S3(厚度3 cm秸秆隔层)、S5(厚度5 cm秸秆隔层)和S7...     

Morpho‐physical Recording of Bovine Conceptus (Bos indicus) and Placenta from Days 20 to 70 of Pregnancy

The study is based on 141 pregnant Bos indicus cows, from days 20 to 70 post‐insemination. First, special attention was given to the macroscopically observable phenomena of attachment of the conceptus to the uterus, i.e. the implantation, from about days 20 to 30 post‐insemination up to day 70, and placentome development by growth, vascularization and increase in the number of cotyledons opposite to the endometrial caruncles. Secondly, as for the conceptuses, semiquantitative, statistical analyses were performed of the lengths of chorio‐allantois, amnion and yolk sac; and the different parts of the centre and two extremes of the yolk sacs were also analysed. Thirdly, the embryos/foetuses corresponding to their membranes were measured by their greatest length and by weight, and described by the appearance of external developmental phenomena during the investigated period like neurulation, somites, branchial arcs, brain vesicles, limb buds, C‐form, pigmented eye and facial grooves. In conclusion, all the data collected in this study from days 20 to 70 of bovine pregnancy were compared extensively with corresponding data of the literature. This resulted in an ‘embryo/foetal age‐scale’, which has extended the data in the literature by covering the first 8 to 70 days of pregnancy. This age‐scale of early bovine intrauterine development provides model for studies, even when using slaughtered cows without distinct knowledge of insemination or fertilization time, through macroscopic techniques. This distinctly facilitates research into the cow, which is now being widely used as ‘an experimental animal’ for testing new techniques of reproduction like in vitro fertilization, embryo transfer and cloning.     

中药制剂“肠宁Ⅱ”（CNⅡ）的喂养繁殖试验研究

为了提供中药制剂"肠宁Ⅱ"(CNⅡ)的安全毒理学评价资料,本试验应用昆明种小白鼠对中药制剂"肠宁Ⅱ"进行了喂养繁殖试验。结果表明:试验期间,小白鼠的受孕率、妊娠率、采食量、脏器系数、F1代小鼠体重、血常规、肝功能、肾功能及病理组织学检查,各试验组与阴性对照组比较差异均不显著,但出生存活率、哺育存活率与对照组相比差异极显著。说明应用此药对小白鼠未造成毒性影响,且可以显著提高小白鼠出生存活率与哺育存活率。     

Oral administration recombinant porcine epidermal growth factor enhances the jejunal digestive enzyme genes expression and activity of early-weaned piglets

This study attempted to determine ingested porcine epidermal growth factor (pEGF) on the gastrointestinal tract development of early-weaned piglets. Thirty-two piglets (14-day weaned) were randomly allotted to supplemented with 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mg pEGF/kg diet. Each treatment consisted of four replicates with two pigs per pen for a 14 days experimental period. Piglets were sacrificed and gastrointestinal tract samples were collected to measure mucosa morphology, mRNA expression and activities of digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets at the end of the experiment. Diets supplemented with pEGF failed to influence growth performance but tended to increase jejunal mucosa weight (p < 0.09) and protein content (p < 0.07). Piglets supplemental pEGF induced incrementally the gastric pepsin activity (p < 0.05) and stimulated jejunal alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactase activities accompanied with the increase of jejunal ALP and maltase mRNA expression. No effect of pEGF on the activities of all enzymes in ileum except the stimulation of ileal aminopeptide N mRNA expression. These results reveal that dietary pEGF supplementation might enhance gene expression and activities of digestive enzymes in the stomach and jejunum of piglets.     

Cloning, characterization and expression of the LECT2 gene in grass carp

An expressed sequence tag of grass carp leukocyte cell–derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) gene was screened from an established intestinal cDNA library. Rapid amplification of cDNA ends gave rise to a full-length LECT2 cDNA (gcLECT2) with a complete open-reading frame of 474 bp, encoding 158 amino acids about 17.9 kDa. Homology search and sequence alignment showed that this deduced protein sequence shared a high identity with LECT2 from other vertebrates. Western blotting indicated immunological cross-reactivity occurs between grass carp and human LECT2 protein. This gcLECT2 genomic sequence is 1,868 bp in size, which consists of five exons and four introns. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that gcLECT2 gene is ubiquitously expressed in different tissues of healthy grass carp including brain, gut, liver, spleen, kidney, muscle and heart, while the expression levels were significantly increased in liver and spleen followed by Aeromonas salmonicida infection. 992 bp 5′-flanking region sequence was cloned and analyzed, where one CAAT box and one GC island were found. Our results showed that the LECT2 is suggested to be most possibly involved in the grass carp’s immune response.     

生物炭与氮肥配施在玉米生产中的应用

玉米作为我国种植面积广泛的粮食作物之一,提高氮肥利用率是实现玉米高产优质的必然趋势.生物炭孔隙发达、吸附性好、官能团种类多样、阳离子交换能力强等特性,赋予了其改良土壤环境、提高氮肥利用率的潜力.该文在总结生物炭和氮肥利用现状的基础上,分析了生物炭对土壤氮素及质量的影响,以及生物炭配施氮肥对玉米产量及氮效率的影响,并展望了生物炭配施氮肥在玉米生产上的应用前景,旨在为生物炭与氮肥配施在农业生产上的应用提供参考.     

The Effects of Freshwater Clam (Corbicula fluminea) Extract on Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) in Prediabetic Patients in Taiwan

Freshwater clam extract (FCE) is a functional food that regulates the immune system and has been demonstrated in numerous studies to display desirable anti–tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) responses. In addition, excess TNF-α production is positively associated with type 2 diabetes. However, few longitudinal clinical studies evaluating the efficiency and toxicity of FCE are available. This article reports that patients with prediabetes who received FCE had a desirable outcome of a reduction in serum TNF-α for a long period. This was a double-blind, randomized, parallel clinical trial conducted using FCE intervention and placebo groups, and 36 patients with prediabetes were enrolled. Two grams of FCE or placebo was consumed daily for 180 consecutive days. The serum of the participants was collected at four time points (0M: before the intervention; 3M: after 3 months of intervention; 6M: after 6 months of intervention; 12M: 6 months after cessation of intervention at 6M). A serum TNF-α concentration higher than 4.05 pg/mL was defined as a cut-off value. FCE reduced serum TNF-α in all participants at 6M and 12M. Moreover, FCE significantly suppressed serum TNF-α concentrations at 6M and 12M and inhibited TNF-α release with time series in subjects with elevated TNF-α values. FCE intervention effectively reduced serum TNF-α and persistently sustained the effects for half a year in patients with prediabetes. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GS-MS) analysis revealed that the major components of FCE were phytosterols and fatty acids, which exerted anti-inflammatory and anti-TNF-α abilities. Hence, FCE has the potential to be developed as a natural treatment for prediabetic patients in Taiwan.     

Effect of Beclin 1 RNA interference on Vit K3 injured SMMC-7721 cells

AIM: To observe the effect of Beclin 1 silencing by RNA interference (RNAi) technique to the injury of SMMC-7721 hepatoma cells by vitamin K3 (Vit K3).METHODS: The recombinant plasmid Psilencer 3.1-siRNA-Beclin 1 was transfected into SMMC-7721 hepatoma cells by eukaryotic cell transfection technique. Plasmid vector and cell culture medium were used as negative and control, respectively. The cells were collected 48 h later to extract cell RNA and total protein and to detect Beclin 1 gene expression by RT-PCR and Western blotting. 40 μmol/L Vit K3 was used to treate the Beclin 1-siRNA cells, Hoechst33342 staining was used for the determination of the percentage of cell apoptosis.RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the synthetic siRNA of Beclin 1 significantly decreased the levels of Beclin 1 mRNA and protein expressions. Beclin 1 mRNA was up-regulated in 40 μmol/L Vit K3 treated SMMC-7721 hepatoma cells, the percentage of apoptosis cells increased (P﹤0.01). In beclin 1-siRNA cells, Beclin 1 mRNA was down-regulated obviously, the percentage of apoptosis cells increased significantly compared with the 40 μmol/L Vit K3 group (P﹤0.01).CONCLUSION: The transfection of SMMC-7721 hepatoma cells by Psilencer3.1-siRNA-Beclin 1 effectively inhibits the expressions of Beclin 1 mRNA and protein, inhibits the activation of Beclin 1 dependent autophagic signaling pathway, and aggravates the apoptosis induced by Vit K3.