Letters to the editor

Extract

In order to utilize spring growth efficiently under a system of grassland farming, a New Zealand dairy farmer endeavours to calve as many cows as possible within a four to six weeks' period. To maintain this calving pattern, herd members must conceive by 70 to 80 days after calving. Consequently normal postparturient uterine involution, together with a minimum of delay in the onset of ovarian activity and oestral cyclicity, is of vital importance. A study of these phenomena may be very rewarding in helping to achieve optimal reproductive efficiency.     

Letters to the editor

Extract

Sir,—A 7-month-old lamb was presented for slaughter, one of a line of 460. The animal was in good condition and, except for a moderately enlarged abdomen, no abnormalities could be detected on ante-mortem examination.     

Equine rhinopneumonitis virus infection in New Zealand

Abstract

Extract

Sir,—Japanese workers (Matumoto el al., 1965 Matumoto, M., Ishizaki, R. and Shimuzu, T. 1965. Serologic survey of equine rhinopneumonitis virus infection among horses in various countries. Arch, f. Viruslorsch., 15: 609–624.  [Google Scholar]) have examined 388 horse sera from 17 countries including New Zealand and have found evidence of a high incidence of infection with equine rhinopneumonitis virus. The New Zealand material was supplied between 1957 and 1960, by Dr J. D. Manning, then of the National Health Institute, Wellington.     

Letter to the editor

Extract

Sir, — In the course of research on infectious bronchitis (IB) in chickens in New Zealand, one strain of IB virus was seleted and attenuated as a local vaccine virus and produced in limited quantities at Massey University for trial purposes.     

河套灌区不同秋浇年限对土壤细菌群落的影响

【目的】 针对内蒙古河套灌区农民自愿放弃秋浇造成干地面积逐渐增多的现象,通过调查研究不同秋浇年限对盐碱土壤细菌群落组成差异的影响,为灌区盐碱地改良与秋浇制度改革提供科学依据。【方法】 选取盐荒地（CK）、一直秋浇（AUI1）、隔2—3年秋浇（AUI2）、3—4年不秋浇（AUI3）以及6—7年不秋浇（AUI4）5种类型的典型地块,采用高通量测序（Illumina HiSeq）技术,分析不同秋浇年限处理下土壤细菌群落的变化特征,并对土壤化学性质与细菌群落进行了冗余分析以及与群落组成的相关性分析。【结果】 AUI1和AUI2处理对降低0—30 cm土层盐分含量最显著,分别比CK、AUI3、AUI4降低了128.82%和29.04%、108.76%和17.72%、108.44%和17.55%,在30—40 cm土层AUI1处理的盐分含量显著低于其他处理;各个土层的pH值均以AUI2处理最低,其0—40 cm土层pH平均值较CK、AUI1、AUI3、AUI4处理分别显著降低了0.28、0.32、0.16、0.88个单位（P＜0.05）。另外,AUI2处理0—40 cm土层微生物量碳平均含量分别较CK、AUI1、AUI3、AUI4提高了252.89%、148.59%、58.10%和60.10%,可溶性有机碳平均含量分别提高了48.41%、29.42%、6.01%和14.27%（P＜0.05）。AUI1与AUI2处理间的丰富度指数（ACE和Chao1）显著高于CK、AUI3和AUI4处理（P＜0.05）。变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）为不同秋浇年限处理的3大优势菌门,占所有菌门的53.93%,而AUI2、AUI3处理分别有利于增加拟杆菌门、酸杆菌门的丰度（P＜0.05）。相关性分析结果表明,变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）与土壤微生物量碳和可溶性有机碳均具有很强的负相关性,其中与微生物量碳的相关系数分别为（r=-0.559**和-0.522*）,与可溶性有机碳的相关系数分别为（r=-0.795**和-0.820**）;而放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、奇古菌门（Thaumarchaeota）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和疣微菌门（Verrucomicrobia）均与土壤盐分呈显著负相关,与土壤微生物量碳和可溶性有机碳呈显著正相关。因子分析显示,土壤盐分、pH、微生物量和可溶性有机碳总共解释了97%的群落变化,成为土壤细菌群落组成变化的主控因子,贡献率依次为：土壤盐分＞pH＞微生物量碳＞可溶性有机碳。【结论】 隔2—3年秋浇（AUI2）处理不仅可以有效降低耕层土壤盐分并能使0—40 cm土层微生物量碳和可溶性有机碳含量显著增加,而且还可提高土壤优势菌群中拟杆菌门的相对丰度。综上所述,隔2—3年秋浇（AUI2）是河套地区兼顾盐碱土壤改良与节水的优化措施。     

7份红豆草对低温的生理响应及抗寒性评价

为了解不同红豆草材料在越冬期根系对低温胁迫的响应特征及其抗寒性强弱,以7份红豆草(5份来自俄罗斯、2份来自国内)为供试材料,对红豆草根系可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、脯氨酸(Pro)含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性等6项生理指标的动态变化进行了监测。结果表明,供试红豆草材料根系可溶性糖含量(WWS)、可溶性蛋白质含量(SP)和脯氨酸含量及CAT活性和POD活性均随着气温下降而增加,随气温升高而减少,MDA含量呈下降趋势。经抗寒隶属度分析,得出其抗寒性由大到小的顺序为ZXY2003p-132、ZXY2010p-7369、蒙农红豆草、甘肃红豆草、ZXY2003p-147、ZXY2005p-623、ZXY2007p-3423。从俄罗斯引进的红豆草材料ZXY2003p-132和ZXY2010p-7369比国内红豆草品种蒙农红豆草、甘肃红豆草抗寒性强。     

迪北地区致密砂岩气藏测井评价新技术

迪北地区侏罗系阿合组属于致密裂缝性砂岩储层,沉积相类型以辫状三角洲平原为主,岩性复杂,粒度变化大,岩石骨架受多种矿物影响。利用元素俘获测井(ECS),结合常规测井资料分析岩性对储层有效性的影响,为评价储层孔隙度提供准确的骨架参数。同时,裂缝是改善该区储层渗透性的重要因素,裂缝的发育程度决定了储层的渗流能力,引入EARTH IMAGER新型油基钻井液成像测井仪,并利用岩心标定成像,有效解决了裂缝的识别问题。     

Oral administration recombinant porcine epidermal growth factor enhances the jejunal digestive enzyme genes expression and activity of early-weaned piglets

This study attempted to determine ingested porcine epidermal growth factor (pEGF) on the gastrointestinal tract development of early-weaned piglets. Thirty-two piglets (14-day weaned) were randomly allotted to supplemented with 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mg pEGF/kg diet. Each treatment consisted of four replicates with two pigs per pen for a 14 days experimental period. Piglets were sacrificed and gastrointestinal tract samples were collected to measure mucosa morphology, mRNA expression and activities of digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets at the end of the experiment. Diets supplemented with pEGF failed to influence growth performance but tended to increase jejunal mucosa weight (p < 0.09) and protein content (p < 0.07). Piglets supplemental pEGF induced incrementally the gastric pepsin activity (p < 0.05) and stimulated jejunal alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactase activities accompanied with the increase of jejunal ALP and maltase mRNA expression. No effect of pEGF on the activities of all enzymes in ileum except the stimulation of ileal aminopeptide N mRNA expression. These results reveal that dietary pEGF supplementation might enhance gene expression and activities of digestive enzymes in the stomach and jejunum of piglets.     

围产期奶牛氧化应激初步预警体系的建立

旨在通过对围产期奶牛能量负平衡指标与其他血液生化指标的分析,初步建立围产期奶牛氧化应激的预警体系。本试验以能量负平衡为判定标准,BHBA>1.2 mmoI/L,NEFA>0.4 mmoI/L,GLU<3 mmoI/L为发病组,BHBA<1.2 mmoI/L,NEFA<0.4 mmoI/L,GLU>3 mmoI/L为健康对照组,各采集围产期发病组和对照组各25头奶牛的血液并对血中能量代谢、矿物质代谢、微量元素代谢、氧化应激、免疫抑制指标进行独立样本T检验和spearman相关分析,并利用logistic二元逻辑回归预测疾病,最后利用ROC分析确立分界值和诊断效果。结果显示:发病组奶牛血液中的Ca、GSH-Px、CAT、Ve、Mg、Se、Cu水平小于健康组;发病组奶牛血液中的IL-1、IL-6、CRP、IL-2、HP、TNF-α的水平高于健康组,表明能量负平衡的奶牛机体存在氧化应激并伴有炎症和矿物质代谢紊乱。奶牛血液中的Ca、Mg、GSH-Px、CAT、Cu、Se、Ve与BHBA呈显著的负相关,IL-1、IL-2、IL-6、HP、TNF-α与BHBA呈显著的正相关;奶牛血液中的Ca、Mg、GSH-Px、CAT、Ve、Cu与NEFA呈显著的负相关,IL-2、HP、TNF-α与NEFA呈显著的正相关;奶牛血液中的Ca、GSH-Px与GLU呈显著的正相关,IL-6、HP与GLU呈显著的负相关。经回归分析确定Ca、Mg、GSH-Px、CAT、Cu、Se、Ve、IL-1、IL-2、IL-6、TNF-α、HP、BHBA 13项指标与围产期泌乳奶牛氧化应激相关,经ROC分析确立GSH-Px、CAT、Se、IL-6、IL-2、TNF-α、BHBA 7项指标可作为氧化应激发生的预警指标。结果表明,因此,能量负平衡、VE、Se缺乏、炎性因子增多和矿物质代谢紊乱是奶牛产后氧化应激发生的风险因素,但VE和Ca未成为氧化应激的预警指标。初步证实了围产期奶牛氧化应激发生的预警指标,为今后更有效的监控和预防奠定理论基础。