硅叶面肥对小麦-玉米种植体系根际土壤微生态的影响

为探索硅叶面肥在大田作物种植体系的应用效果,通过田间试验,研究不同浓度硅叶面肥对小麦-玉米种植体系根际土壤理化性状、土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,喷施硅叶面肥提高小麦和玉米根际土壤EC值;低浓度硅叶面肥喷施降低小麦-玉米根际土壤pH值,高浓度硅叶面肥提高土壤pH值。随叶面肥浓度提升,作物根际土壤中细菌数量均高于对照且逐渐上升,真菌数量均低于对照且逐渐下降。喷施硅叶面肥提高了小麦-玉米根际土壤脲酶、转化酶、磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶活性。     

饲粮中添加维生素E和有机硒对攸县麻鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标及咸蛋蛋黄品质的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加维生素E和有机硒对攸县麻鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标及咸蛋蛋黄品质的影响。选用200只健康的处于产蛋高峰期的攸县麻鸭,随机分为4个组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只鸭。对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂基础饲粮,3个试验组(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组)分别在基础饲粮中添加50 IU/kg维生素E、0.2 mg/kg硒、0.2 mg/kg硒+50 IU/kg维生素E。试验期为63 d。结果表明：1)Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组的产蛋率和日产蛋重均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组的料蛋比均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。2)Ⅲ和Ⅳ组的蛋黄硒含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。Ⅱ和Ⅳ组的蛋黄维生素E含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。3)Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组的咸蛋蛋黄硬心率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅳ组硬心率显著低于Ⅱ和Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。4)Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组的血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组的血清中谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加维生...     

杂交马褂木组培快繁研究

以杂交马褂木嫩枝作为外植体,接种到培养基MS+6-BA0.2mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L,可诱导大量丛生芽。增殖阶段,培养基MS+6-BA0.1mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L有利于苗的快速繁殖,提高繁殖系数。最佳生根培养基配方为MS+NAA0.2mg/L。     

沙棘优良品种选择试验初报

通过对不同引种区域的沙棘优良品种的栽培对比试验,选育出适合阜新地区栽培的优良沙棘品种。根据3a的调查结果,按照幼林的生长量、结实量和百粒果重等指标的综合分析,获得"丘杂F1代"、"白丘杂交"、"森淼"、"亚中杂交"等4个品种优于"辽阜1号"、"辽阜2号"对照品种,也优于引种的其它品种。     

Solubilization of inorganic phosphates and plant growth promotion by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aspergillus niger</Emphasis>

Two of 187 fungal isolates (Aspergillus niger 1B and 6A) displaying superior phosphate (P) solubilization and hydrolytic enzyme secretion were studied using P forms of calcium (Ca-P), iron (Fe-P), and aluminum (Al-P). Phosphate solubilization in a sucrose-basal salt (SB) broth was increased and pH decreased by both isolates. In Ca-P medium, solubilization for 6A was approximately 322 μg P mL⁻¹ and pH decreased by 4.2 units to 2.3 in 72 h. However, when pH value of the SB broth was lowered to 2.5 using HCl, 65.3  ±  0.4 μg mL⁻¹ of P was released from Ca-P, whereas trace amounts of P were released from Fe-P and Al-P. Both isolates displayed enhanced Al-P solubilization using NH₄Cl rather than KNO₃ as the N source; final pH values were not significantly different. With Ca-P, gluconic acid was predominantly produced by 1B and 6A, whereas oxalic acid predominated with Fe-P and Al-P. Addition of gluconic acid (final concentration of 8.5 μmol mL⁻¹) to Ca-P-supplemented SB lowered pH (2.9) and solubilized phosphate (146.0 ± 1.0 μg mL⁻¹). Similarly, addition of oxalic acid (final concentration 6.6 μmol mL⁻¹) to Ca-P- and Fe-P-amended media solubilized P (60.2 ± 0.9 and 21.6 ± 2.1 μg mL⁻¹, respectively), although these quantities were significantly lower than those detected in unamended SB. The presence of unidentified P solubilized compound(s) in the dialyzed (MW>500) supernatant warrants further study. In pot experiments, significant increases in plant (Brassica chinensis Linn.) dry weight and N and P contents were observed with the addition of isolate 6A, when a small amount of organic fertilizer together with either rock phosphate (South African apatite) or Ca-P served as the main P sources.     

高CO2浓度对不同氮素供给形态下水稻叶片光合作用的影响

为探究水稻叶片光合作用对高CO_2浓度([CO_2])的响应是否与氮素供给形态有关,利用人工气候生长箱,以粳稻(武运粳23号和淮稻5号)、籼稻(扬稻6号)和杂交稻(Y-两优6号)为试验材料,设置主处理:大气[CO_2]和高[CO_2]处理(+200μmol/mol),副处理:硝态氮和铵态氮处理,测定水稻新展开完全叶片的光合作用。试验结果表明:高[CO_2]会增加硝态氮处理下粳稻和杂交稻叶片的净光合速率(P_n)、铵态氮处理下粳稻武运粳23号叶片P_n以及各氮素供给形态下水稻叶片胞间[CO_2](C_i)和水分利用效率(WUE),其中在硝态氮处理下P_n和WUE的响应要高于铵态氮处理;高[CO_2]会降低水稻叶片的气孔导度(g_s)和蒸腾速率(T_r),其中在硝态氮处理下粳稻g_s和T_r的响应要高于籼稻,而在铵态氮处理下高[CO_2]对杂交稻g_s和T_r的影响要高于粳稻和籼稻。可见,不同的氮素供给形态会影响水稻叶片的光合作用对高[CO_2]的响应,且这种影响在水稻品种间存在很大差异。     

蔺草固色用染土改性及粉尘污染控制研究

利用纳米TiO2、叶绿素添加剂、分散剂等有效成分对蔺草固色所用日本染土进行改性处理,在不影响原有固色工艺及固色效果前提下,可使改性后染土的实际用量在目前蔺草固色工艺的基础上降低70%左右,从而降低了固色成本。同时,通过控制染土的实际用量,使作业环境中粉尘浓度在现有基础上降低62%左右,粉尘中游离S iO2含量降低60%左右,从而使蔺草作业环境中的粉尘污染得到有效控制,工作环境得到改善。     

年际环境温度变化驱动水稻产量及其构成对CO2浓度和温度升高的响应差异

大气CO₂浓度([CO₂])和温度升高是未来气候变化的主要情境，阐明水稻产量及其构成对[CO₂]和温度升高的响应，是助力农业生产应对气候变化的重要组成部分。本文基于开放式[CO₂]和温度升高(elevated temperature and CO₂-free air controlled enrichment,T-FACE)试验平台的多年水稻生产数据，探讨了未来[CO₂]和温度升高对水稻产量和产量构成的影响。结果表明：与对照(CT)相比，高[CO₂](C+T)处理提高了水稻有效穗数和结实率，使水稻增产11.1%左右(5年平均)；增温(CT+)1～2℃减少了有效穗数和穗粒数，使水稻产量下降10%～25%；高[CO₂]和增温互作(C+T+)处理使水稻产量下降约10%，即高[CO₂]并未完全抵消温度升高带来的负效应。多年试验数据比较发现，相同处理对产量的影响趋势较为一致，但年际差异明显。随着年际生...