Correlation of phenolic metabolism with histological changes in Phaseolus vulgaris inoculated with fungi

Acetone powders were prepared at intervals after inoculation ofPhaseolus vulgaris, variety Topcrop, with fungi inciting hypersensitive (Helminthosporium carbonum), resistant (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, gamma race), and susceptible (C. lindemuthianum, beta race) host responses. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity was determined in extracts of the acetone powders, and quantitative and qualitative measurements were made of phenolic compounds in the acetone filtrates obtained during powder preparation. The developmental morphology of the fungi on host tissue was observed histologically. The data obtained indicate that host-fungus physiology is accompanied by readily detectable and specific alterations of phenolic metabolism during various stages of infection and host response. Phaseollin production in hypocotyls inoculated withC. lindemuthianum accompanied the appearance of symptoms in resistant and susceptible reactions; it was produced earlier and in greater amount in resistant reactions.Samenvatting Acetonpoeders werden bereid op verschillende tijdstippen na inoculatie vanPhaseolus vulgaris, cv. Topcrop, met schimmels, die een overgevoelige, resistente of vatbare reactie in de gastheer induceren. De activiteit van fenylalanine-ammonia-lyase werd bepaald in extracten van de acetonpoeders, en de fenolen werden kwantitatief en kwalitatief bepaald in de acetonfiltraten, die verkregen werden gedurende de bereiding van het poeder. De morfologische ontwikkeling van de schimmels op het weefsel van de waardplant werd histologisch bestudeerd. De verkregen gegevens wijzen erop dat de fysiologische processen, die in de combinatie van waardplant en schimmel optreden, gedurende verschillende stadia van infectie en reactie van de waardplant, gepaard gaan met duidelijk aantoonbare en specifieke veranderingen in de fenol stofwisseling. Zowel bij resistente als vatbare reacties ging het verschijnen der symptomen gepaard met de vorming van phaseolline in hypocotylen geïnoculeerd metColletotrichum lindemuthianum; bij de resistente reacties werd het eerder en in grotere hoeveelheden gevormd.Journal Paper No. 3470 of the Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station.     

猪痘病毒江西株(SWPV-JX01株)的分离鉴定

本试验利用PK15细胞从江西省某猪场疑似猪痘的保育猪皮肤痘痂中分离到1株病毒,该分离毒株在PK15单层细胞上能连续盲传培养,不产生明显的细胞病变,通过PCR扩增猪痘病毒P35基因,扩增序列与猪痘病毒参考株(AF410153.1)P35基因的核苷酸同源性为97.9%,表明该分离病毒为猪痘病毒,并命名为SWPV-JX01。将SWPV-JX01株F5代细胞培养液经肌肉和皮下注射感染兔和小鼠,人工感染80 h后,通过PCR检测不同组织的猪痘病毒P35基因,从兔的肾脏、脾脏、皮肤、心肌、淋巴结均能扩增到P35基因,且扩增序列与SWPV-JX01株同源性为100%。试验结果表明,SWPV-JX01株能在兔体内增殖,但不能在昆明鼠体内增殖。     

Carbendazim,at concentrations used on pasture for facial eczema control,reduces development of Trichostrongylus colubriformis when sprayed onto infected sheep faeces

Abstract

AIM: To determine whether the fungicide, carbendazim, as applied to pastures for controlling facial eczema (FE), would inhibit development of the free-living stages of the gastrointestinal nematode parasite Trichostrongylus colubriformis.

METHODS: Two studies were conducted, using sheep faeces containing eggs of T. colubriformis. In the first, the faeces were either exposed or not to an application of carbendazim sprayed at the recommended rate for FE control. After spraying, dishes containing the faeces were incubated at 20°C for 14 days, and the resulting third-stage infective larvae (L3) extracted by baermannisation and counted. In addition, naturally infested pasture was also sprayed, and the number of L3 present 7 days later was assessed by cutting herbage samples and extracting larvae by soaking in water and baermannisation. In the second, the faeces were incubated at 20°C for 0, 3 or 7 days before being exposed to no, one or two applications of carbendazim. After further incubation for 14, 11 or 7 days, L3 were similarly extracted by baermannisation and counted.

RESULTS: In the first study, there was a 74% reduction in the number of T. colubriformis larvae recovered from faeces exposed to carbendazim compared with faeces not exposed, but there was no reduction in the number of L3 recovered from herbage. In the second study, faeces incubated for 0 or 3 days prior to exposure to a single application of carbendazim yielded 98% or 89% fewer larvae, respectively, than faeces not exposed. Faeces incubated for 7 days prior to exposure yielded similar numbers of larvae to faeces not exposed.

CONCLUSION: Treatment of pastures with carbendazim for FE control is likely to result in reduced development of the larvae of T. colubriformis, and by inference those of other species, where the application coincides with the presence of freshly deposited faeces containing eggs and developing larvae. However, no effect of treatment on L3 was indicated. The significance of this for on-farm nematode parasite control remains to be determined, as does any potential for strategic applications of carbendazim to pasture aimed at reducing numbers of parasite larvae on pasture. The latter should not be contemplated without due consideration of the implications for the development of anthelmintic resistance.     

桓仁地区近56年来日照变化特征分析

利用桓仁县近56年日照时数实测资料,分析了桓仁地区日照时数年代际、年际、各季和各月的气候变化特征以及与日照百分率、总云量、低云量和水汽压之间的关系。结果表明：桓仁地区年、季、月日照时数皆呈减少趋势,春季减少最快,冬季减幅最慢。桓仁地区各月的日照时数均呈减少趋势,其中5月减少的趋势较为显著,2月减少的趋势较弱。日照时数与日照百分率的年际变化基本保持一致。年日照时数在1992年附近发生突变。年低云量、水汽压略呈增加趋势,低云量、总云量和水汽压与日照时数变化呈显著的负相关,是桓仁地区日照时数减少的主要因素。     

联合收割机割刀驱动行星轮系多目标优化设计

针对联合收割机割刀机构的工作特点,采用2K-H型行星齿轮机构,分析了割刀机构工作原理。通过建立2K-H型行星轮系的优化设计模型,应用NSGA-2算法对2K-H型行星齿轮机构进行多目标优化设计。以最小体积和最大承载力为优化设计目标,通过编制MATLAB程序得到Pareto前沿,进而得到最优解,与以往多目标优化设计比较,设计得到了很好的改善。     

君子兰花粉生活力测定及贮藏方法筛选

以大花君子兰品种胜利为试材,利用单因子试验比较了固体培养基中蔗糖、硼、钙、镁、钾及琼脂质量浓度对花粉萌发的影响,在此基础上进行正交试验。结果表明,适宜的花粉培养基为蔗糖100 g/L+H3BO3150 mg/L+CaCl2100 mg/L+琼脂4 g/L,新鲜花粉萌发率最高达91.4%。用醋酸洋红染色法和I-KI染色法测定君子兰花粉生活力分别为88.1%和89.4%,比培养基法(78.7%)略高。不同贮藏方法对君子兰花粉生活力影响差异较大,最佳贮藏方法为-20℃冷冻干燥贮藏,贮藏120 d后花粉生活力为24.4%。     

松材线虫病防治中及时清理死亡松树和诱杀松褐天牛的必要性研究

松材线虫病是世界上最具危险性的检疫性植物病害,是松林的毁灭性病害,重庆自2001年发生松材线虫病以来,经过多年的防治,未能控制松材线虫病的扩散蔓延,其主要原因是地方上没有充分认识到严格执行松材线虫病防治措施的必要性。从科学研究的角度,分析严格按疫情除治要求开展松材线虫病病树、死树及时清理和诱杀松褐天牛的重要性研究,以期促进松材线虫病的防控。     

褐土含磷量对锌镉吸附与解吸的影响

通过褐土不同浓度的磷培养试验,研究了不同含磷量土壤对锌、镉及锌镉共存时的吸附、解吸影响,以阐述磷与锌镉在土壤系统中的交互作用机制.结果表明,不同含磷量的土壤对不同浓度的锌和镉吸附解吸时,在Zn10条件下,土壤对锌的吸附量先降低后升高,锌解吸量随着土壤中磷含量的增加先升高后降低逐渐趋于平稳.而在Zn80条件下,土壤对锌的吸附量有明显下降趋势,而解吸量随着磷含量的增大先升高后降低,在土壤速效磷含量为89.5 mg·kg-1(添加磷水平360 mg·kg-1)时解吸量达到最大值;在相同磷水平下,随着外加镉浓度的增大,锌的吸附量明显降低.在Cd3处理下,镉的吸附量随磷水平的增大而减小,而Cd30处理下,镉的吸附量随磷水平的增大而增大;但相同磷水平下,随锌浓度的增大,镉的吸附量都明显降低.镉的解吸量随速效磷含量和锌浓度的增加而增大.